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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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Poiseuille, Jean Leonard Marie<person> French physiologist and physicist, 1797-1869. ... See: poise, Poiseuille's viscosity coefficient, Poiseuille's law, Poiseuille's space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Poiseuille's lawIn laminar flow, the volume of a homogeneous fluid passing per unit time through a capillary tube is directly proportional to the pressure difference between its ends and to the fourth power of its internal radius, and inversely proportional to its length and to the viscosity of the fluid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Poiseuille's spaceSynonym for still layer ... The layer of the bloodstream in the capillary vessels, next to the wall of the vessel, that flows slowly and transports the white blood cells along the layer wall, while in the centre the flow is rapid and transports the red blood cells. ... Synonym: plasma layer, Poiseuille's space, sluggish layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Poiseuille's viscosity coefficientAn expression of the viscosity as determined by the capillary tube method; the coefficient η = (πPr4t/8vl), where P is the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the tube, r the radius of the tube, l its length, and v the volume of liquid delivered in the time t. If volume is in cm3, time is in seconds, and l and r are i …
poison1. Any agent which, when introduced into the animal organism, is capable of producing a morbid, noxious, or deadly effect upon it; as, morphine is a deadly poison; the poison of pestilential diseases. ... 2. That which taints or destroys moral purity or health; as, the poison of evil example; the poison of sin. Poison ash. ... <botany> A poison …
poison control centresFacilities which provide information concerning poisons and treatment of poisoning in emergencies. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poison ivy<botany> A plant that causes a marked allergic (contact) dermatitis in the majority of individuals. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
poison oakPoison oak is a form of contact dermatitis or inflammation of the skin resulting from chemicals produced from the poison oak plant contacting the skin. The chemicals cause an immune reaction producing redness, itching and blistering of the skin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poisoning<radiobiology> Buildup of ash and impurities in a fusion plasma tends to reduce the quality of the plasma and reduce the fusion output, this sort of process is sometimes called poisioning the reactor or the plasma. ... See: ash, impurities. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
poisonousCharacterised by, having the characteristics of, or containing a poison. ... Synonym: toxic, toxicant, toxiferous, venenous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poisonsSubstances which, when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed, or when applied to, injected into, or developed within the body in relatively small amounts may, by their chemical action, cause damage to structure or disturbance of function. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poisson distribution<epidemiology> The distribution which arises when parasites are distributed at random amongst hosts. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
Poisson-Pearson formulaA formula to determine the statistical error in calculating the endemic index of malaria: let N = total number of children under 15 years in a locality; n = total number examined for the spleen-rate; x = number found with enlarged spleen; (x/n)100 = spleen-rate; e% = percentage of error; the percentage error will be, by this formula: ... (05 Mar 200 …
Poisson, Simeon Denis<person> French mathematician, 1781-1840. ... See: Poisson distribution, Poisson-Pearson formula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Poitou colicSynonym for lead colic ... Severe colicky abdominal pain, with constipation, symptomatic of lead poisoning. ... Synonym: Devonshire colic, painter's colic, Poitou colic, saturnine colic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poke<botany> A large North American herb of the genus Phytolacca (P. Decandra), bearing dark purple juicy berries; called also garget, pigeon berry, pocan, and pokeweed. The root and berries have emetic and purgative properties, and are used in medicine. The young shoots are sometimes eaten as a substitute for asparagus, and the berries are said …
poker1. One who pokes. ... 2. That which pokes or is used in poking, especially a metal bar or rod used in stirring a fire of coals. ... 3. A poking-stick. ... 4. <zoology> The poachard. Poker picture, a picture formed in imitation of bisterwashed drawings, by singeing the surface of wood with a heated poker or other iron. ... Origin: From Poke to pus …
poker backSynonym for spondylitis deformans ... Arthritis and osteitis deformans involving the spinal column; marked by nodular deposits at the edges of the intervertebral disks with ossification of the ligaments and bony ankylosis of the intervertebral articulations, it results in a rounded kyphosis with rigidity. ... Synonym: Bechterew's disease, poker back, …
poker spineStiff spine resulting from widespread joint immobility or overwhelming muscle spasm as might be evoked by an osteomyelitis of a vertebra or a rheumatoid spondylitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pokeweed mitogen<protein> Any of the lectins derived from the pokeweed, Phytolacca americana, all of which will stimulate T-cells. Binds _ D acetylglucosamine. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
pokeweed mitogensProteins isolated from the roots of the pokeweed, phytolacca americana, that agglutinate some erythrocytes, stimulate mitosis and antibody synthesis in lymphocytes, and induce activation of plasma cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
pol gene<molecular biology> Genes coding for DNA polymerases of which there are three in E. Coli, polA, polB and polC coding for polymerases I, II and III respectively. ... Pol genes in oncogenic retroviruses code for reverse transcriptase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
poland syndrome<syndrome> A syndrome which is characterised by symbrachydactyly and aplasia of the sternal head of pectoralis major. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Poland's syndrome<syndrome> An anomaly consisting of absence of the pectoralis major and minor muscles, ipsilateral breast hypoplasia, and absence of two to four rib segments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polarDescribes a feature or phenomenon occuring at the end (pole) of an object (such as a planet) or organism (such as an amoeba). ... <chemistry> Describes a molecular that has a permanent electric dipole. ... See: polar group. ... Compare: nonpolar, nonpolar groups. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...
polar amino acidAn alpha-amino acid in which the functional group attached to the alpha-carbon (i.e., R in RCH(NH2)COOH) has hydrophilic properties; e.g., serine, cysteine, homocysteine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polar anaemiaA form of anaemia sometimes observed in natives of temperate climates when they migrate to the Arctic or Antarctic regions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polar body<cell biology> In animals each meiotic division of the oocyte leads to the formation of one large cell (the egg) and a small polar body as the other cell. Polar body formation is a consequence of the very eccentric position of the nucleus and the spindle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polar cataractA capsular cataract limited to an area of the anterior or posterior pole of the lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polar cellSynonym for polar body ... <cell biology> In animals each meiotic division of the oocyte leads to the formation of one large cell (the egg) and a small polar body as the other cell. Polar body formation is a consequence of the very eccentric position of the nucleus and the spindle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polar compoundA compound in which the electric charge is not symmetrically distributed, so that there is a separation of charge or partial charge and formation of definite positive and negative poles; e.g., H2O. See also inorganic compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polar fibresThose fibres of the mitotic spindle extending from the two poles of the spindle toward the equator. ... Compare: astral fibres, kinetochore fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polar flagellation<cell biology> Condition of having flagella attached at one end or both ends of the cell. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
polar globuleSynonym for polar body ... <cell biology> In animals each meiotic division of the oocyte leads to the formation of one large cell (the egg) and a small polar body as the other cell. Polar body formation is a consequence of the very eccentric position of the nucleus and the spindle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polar granule<biology> Granules containing a basic protein found in insect eggs that induce the formation of and become incorporated into germ cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polar group<chemistry> Any chemical grouping in which the distribution of electrons is uneven enabling it to take part in electrostatic interactions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polar lobe<marine biology> In some molluscs a polar lobe appears as a clear protrusion close to the vegetal pole of the cell prior to the first cleavage and becomes associated with only one of the daughter cells. ... Removal of the first polar lobe or of any polar lobe that forms at a subsequent mitosis, leads to defects in the embryo, it seems that the …
polar mutation<molecular biology> A mutation in a single gene which affects the rate of expression of other genes that are near it on a chromosome. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
polar plasm<cell biology, embryology> Differentiated cytoplasm associated with the animal or vegetal pole of an oocyte, egg or early embryo. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polar platesCondensed platelike bodies at the ends of the spindle during mitosis of certain types of cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polar presentationThe presentation of either pole of the foetal oval; may be either a cephalic or breech presentation, or a longitudinal lie. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polar ringA thickened, electron-dense ring at the anterior end of certain stages of the Apicomplexa; part of the apical complex characteristic of these sporozoans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polar solventsSolvent's that exhibit polar forces on solutes, due to high dipole moment, wide separation of charges, or tight association; e.g., water, alcohols, acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polar starSynonym for daughter star ... One of the figures forming the diaster. ... Synonym: polar star. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polar zoneThe region in the vicinity of an electrode applied to the body. ... See: electrotonus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polariscope<instrument, optics> An instrument consisting essentially of a polarizer and an analyzer, used for polarizing light, and analyzing its properties. ... (28 Oct 1998) ...
polariscopic<optics> Of or pertaining to the polariscope; obtained by the use of a polariscope; as, polariscopic observations. ... (28 Oct 1998) ...
polariseTo put into a state of polarization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polarised lightLight in which, as a result of reflection or transmission through certain media, the vibrations are all in one plane, transverse to the ray, instead of in all planes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polariserThe first element of a polariscope that polarises the light, as distinguished from the analyzer, the second polarising element. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polarising microscope<instrument> A microscope equipped with a polarising filter below and above the specimen which forms an image by the influence of specimen birefringence on polarised light; the polarising direction of the two filters is typically adjustable which, together with a graduated rotating stage, permits measurement of the angular value of different …
polarity<physics> Literally having poles (like a magnet), but used to describe cells that have one or more axes of symmetry. ... <cell biology> In epithelial cells, the polarity meant is between apical and baso lateral regions, in moving cells, having a distinct front and rear. Some cells seem to show multiple axes of polarity (which will hinder …
polarity of translationDecrease in the synthesis of proteins specified by genes distal to the operator and to the site of a nonsense, frameshift, deletion or insertion mutation in an operon. A mutation which produces polarity is called a polar mutation or a polarity mutation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
polarizability<chemistry> Of orbitals means that the electron cloud can be shifted towards a positive charge or away from a negative charge due to electrostatic attraction and repulsion. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...
polarization1. The act of polarizing; the state of being polarized, or of having polarity. ... 2. <optics> A peculiar affection or condition of the rays of light or heat, in consequence of which they exhibit different properties in different directions. ... If a beam of light, which has been reflected from a plate of unsilvered glass at an angle of about 5 …
polarization colours<microscopy> Interference colours produced by anisotropic substances placed between two polarizing elements and examined by transmitted white light. ... See: Michel-Levy scale of retardation colours. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
polarization microscopy<procedure> Any form of microscopy capable of detecting birefringent objects. Usually performed with a polarizing element below the stage to produce plane polarized light and an analyser that is set to give total extinction of the background and thus to detect any birefringence. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polarized light<microscopy> Light that is vibrating in one plane (plane-polarized light), light with a rotary vibration (circular polarized light), or light that is vibrating elliptically (elliptically polarized light). Moonlight and skylight are polarized, as is much reflected light, cloud light is polarized under certain conditions. However, naturally pol …
polarized light microscope<instrument, microscopy> A microscopical polarizcope, i.e., a compound microscope which is equipped with two polars and a Bertrand lens, chemists and mineralogists are the principal users. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
polarizer<physics> That which polarizes; especially, the part of a polarizcope which receives and polarizes the light. It is usually a reflecting plate, or a plate of some crystal, as tourmaline, or a doubly refracting crystal. ... <microscopy> A first polarizing element inserted before a preparation. When its vibration direction is at right angl …
polarizing element<microscopy> A general term for a device for producing or analysing plane-polarized light. It may be a Nicol prism, some other form of calcite prism, a reflecting surface, or a polarizing filter. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
polarizing power<chemistry> Means that a charged species such as a proton can attract negatively charged electrons which causes a shift in the orbital. The higher the positive charge and the smaller the smaller the size, the greater the polarizing power of the species. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...
polarographyAn electrochemical technique for identifying and estimating the concentration of reducible elements by means of the dual measurement of the current flowing through an electrochemical cell (which contains the test solution) and the electrical potential between the two electrodes as the potential is increased at a constant rate by an external voltage …
polars<microscopy> Two polarizing elements in a polarized light microscope. The polar placed between the light source and substage condenser is called the polarizer, the polar placed between the objective and ocular is called the analyser. The vibration directions of the two polars may be crossed 90 degrees, to achieve crossed polars, slightly uncr …
polatouche<zoology> A flying squirrel (Sciuropterus volans) native of Northern Europe and Siberia. ... Synonym: minene. ... Origin: F. ... (01 Mar 1998) ...
poldine methylsulfate2-Benziloyloxymethyl-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium methylsulfate;an anticholinergic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pole1. A long, slender piece of wood; a tall, slender piece of timber; the stem of a small tree whose branches have been removed; as, specifically: A carriage pole, a wooden bar extending from the front axle of a carriage between the wheel horses, by which the carriage is guided and held back. A flag pole, a pole on which a flag is supported. A Maypole …
pole cell<cell biology> A cell at or near the animal or vegetal pole of an embryo. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
pole fibre<cell biology> Microtubules inserted into the pole regions of the mitotic spindle (each pole is the product of the division of the centrioles and constitutes a microtubule organising centre. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
pole ligationA ligation at the root of an organ to shut off or diminish blood supply. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polecat<zoology> A small European carnivore of the Weasel family (Putorius foetidus). Its scent glands secrete a substance of an exceedingly disagreeable odour. Called also fitchet, foulmart, and European ferret. ... The zorilla. The name is also applied to other allied species. ... Origin: Probably fr. F. Poule hen, and originally, a poultry cat, bec …
polehole<oncogene> Drosophila homologue of the raf oncogene. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Polenske numberThe number of milliliters of 0.1 n KOH required to neutralise the nonvolatile fatty acids obtained from 5 g of a saponified fat or oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poli lienalis inferior et superiorSee: anterior extremity, posterior extremity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poli renalis inferior et superiorSee: superior pole of kidney, inferior pole of kidney. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
policeAgents of the law charged with the responsibility of maintaining law and order among the citisenry. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
policemanAn instrument, usually a rubber-tipped rod, for removing solid particles from a glass container. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
policy1. A ticket or warrant for money in the public funds. ... 2. The writing or instrument in which a contract of insurance is embodied; an instrument in writing containing the terms and conditions on which one party engages to indemnify another against loss arising from certain hazards, perils, or risks to which his person or property may be exposed. S …
policy makingThe decision process by which individuals, groups or institutions establish policies pertaining to plans, programs or procedures. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poling1. The act of supporting or of propelling by means of a pole or poles; as, the poling of beans; the poling of a boat. ... 2. <botany> The operation of dispersing worm casts over the walks with poles. ... 3. One of the poles or planks used in upholding the side earth in excavating a tunnel, ditch, etc. ... Origin: From Pole a stick. ... Source: We …
polio<virology> An epidemic viral infection which attacks the motor neurons of the anterior horns in the brainstem and spinal cord. ... Vaccination against this disease is recommended. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
polio immunizationSynonym for polio vaccination ... <virology> The vaccines available for vaccination against polio are opv (oral polio vaccine) and ipv (inactivated polio vaccine). ... Opv is still the preferred vaccine for most children. As its name suggests, it is given by mouth. ... Ipv, or inactivated polio vaccine is given as a shot in the arm or leg. Infan …
polio vaccination<virology> The vaccines available for vaccination against polio are opv (oral polio vaccine) and ipv (inactivated polio vaccine). ... Opv is still the preferred vaccine for most children. As its name suggests, it is given by mouth. ... Ipv, or inactivated polio vaccine is given as a shot in the arm or leg. Infants and children should be given f …
polioclasticDestructive to gray matter of the nervous system. ... Origin: polio-+ G. Klastos, broken ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poliodystrophiaSynonym for poliodystrophy ... Wasting of the gray matter of the nervous system. ... Synonym: poliodystrophia. ... Origin: polio-+ G. Dys-, bad, + trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poliodystrophyWasting of the gray matter of the nervous system. ... Synonym: poliodystrophia. ... Origin: polio-+ G. Dys-, bad, + trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polioencephalitisInflammation of the gray matter of the brain, either of the cortex or of the central nuclei; as contrasted to inflammation of the white matter. ... Origin: polio-+ G. Enkephalos, brain, + -tis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polioencephalitis infectivaSynonym for von Economo's disease ... A unique encephalitis, presumably viral in origin, which followed the influenza pandemic of 1914-1918. Symptoms included ophthalmoplegia and marked somnolence, and in many survivors, the delayed development of Parkinson's disease; the basis for postencephalitic Parkinsonism. ... Synonym: encephalitis lethargica, …
polioencephalomalaciaA noninfectious disease of ruminants characterised by a tissue-thiamine deficiency and by amaurosis and strabismus, followed by recumbency, opisthotonos, and convulsions. ... Synonym: cerebrocortical necrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polioencephalomeningomyelitisInfla mmation of the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord and of the meningeal covering of the parts. ... Origin: polio-+ G. Enkephalos, brain, + meninx, membrane, + myelon, marrow, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polioencephalomyelitisSynonym: poliomyeloencephalitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polioencephalopathyAny disease of the gray matter of the brain. ... Origin: polio-+ G. Enkephalos, brain, + pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poliomyelencephalitisSynonym for poliomyeloencephalitis ... Acute anterior poliomyelitis with pronounced cerebral signs. ... Synonym: polioencephalomyelitis, poliomyelencephalitis. ... Origin: polio-+ G. Myelon, marrow, + enkephalos, brain, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poliomyelitis<disease, virology> An acute viral disease, occurring sporadically and in epidemics and characterised clinically by fever, sore throat, headache and vomiting, often with stiffness of the neck and back. In the minor illness these may be the only symptoms. ... The major illness, which may or may not be preceded by the minor illness, is character …
poliomyelitis immune globulinA sterile solution of globulin's that contains those antibodies normally present in adult human blood; it is a passive immunologic agent that attenuates or prevents poliomyelitis, measles, and infectious hepatitis, and confers temporary but significant protection against paralytic polio. ... Synonym: poliomyelitis immunoglobulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) …
poliomyelitis immunoglobulinpoliomyelitis immune globulin (human) ...
poliomyelitis vaccinesSynonym for poliovirus vaccines ... Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), an aqueous suspension of inactivated strains of poliomyelitis virus (types 1, 2, and 3) used by injection; has largely been replaced by the oral vaccine. ... See: Salk vaccine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poliomyelitis virusThe picornavirus (genus Enterovirus) causing poliomyelitis in humans; the route of infection is the alimentary tract, but the virus may enter the bloodstream and nervous system, sometimes causing paralysis of the limbs and, rarely, encephalitis; many infections are inapparent; serologic types 1, 2, and 3 are recognised, type 1 being responsible for …
poliomyelitis, bulbarA serious form of poliomyelitis in which the medulla oblongata is affected, and in which there may be dysfunction of the swallowing mechanism, and respiratory and circulatory distress. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poliomyeloencephalitisAcute anterior poliomyelitis with pronounced cerebral signs. ... Synonym: polioencephalomyelitis, poliomyelencephalitis. ... Origin: polio-+ G. Myelon, marrow, + enkephalos, brain, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
