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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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polymethacrylic acidsPoly-2-methylpropenoic acids. Used in the manufacture of methacrylate resins and plastics in the form of pellets and granules, as absorbent for biological materials and as filters; also as biological membranes and as hydrogens. ... Synonym: methylacrylate polymer; poly(methylacrylate); acrylic acid methyl ester polymer. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
polymethyl methacrylate<chemical> Polymerised methyl methacrylate monomers which are used as sheets, moulding, extrusion powders, surface coating resins, emulsion polymers, fibres, inks, and films . This material is also used in tooth implants, bone cements, and hard corneal contact lenses. ... Pharmacological action: antimutagenic agents, bone cements, vasodilator …
polymicrolipomatosisThe occurrence of multiple, small, nodular, fairly discrete masses of lipid in the subcutaneous connective tissue. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Mikros, small, + lipoma + G. -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymitusSynonym: exflagellation. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Mitos, thread ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymorphic<biology> Occurring in several or many forms, appearing in different forms at different stages of development. ... Origin: Gr. Morph = form ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polymorphic epithelial mucin<protein> See episialin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polymorphic genetic markersInherited characteristics that occur within a given population as two or more traits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymorphic leavesTwo or more different types of leaves on plants, in wetland plants, polymorphic leaves may develop due to extended flooding. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
polymorphic neuronOccurring in many shapes. ... See: multipolar cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymorphic reticulosisA necrotizing lymphoproliferative lesion with a predilection for the upper respiratory tract. Previously called lethal midline granuloma or malignant midline reticulosis. Treatment is irradiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymorphic superficial keratitisEpithelial degeneration occurring in starvation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymorphism1. <genetics> The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more alleles of a gene, where the frequency of the rarer alleles is greater than can be explained by recurrent mutation alone (typically greater than 1%). The concept includes chromosome polymorphism. ... HLA alleles of the major histocompatibi …
polymorphocellularRelating to or formed of cells of several different kinds. ... Origin: G. Polymorphos, multiform, + L. Cellula, cell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymorphocytic leukaemiaGranulocytic leukaemia, especially any variety in which the predominant cells are mature, segmented granulocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymorphonuclearHaving nuclei of varied forms; denoting a variety of leukocyte. ... Origin: G. Polymorphos, multiform, + L. Nucleus, kernel ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymorphonuclear leucocyteMammalian blood leucocyte (granulocyte) of myeloid series in distinction to mononuclear leucocytes: ... See: neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polymorphonuclear leukocyteSmall, actively motile white blood cells containing many lysosomes and specialising in phagocytosis. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
polymorphous layerSynonym for fusiform layer ... Layer 6 of the cortex cerebri. ... Synonym: multiform layer, polymorphous layer, spindle-celled layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymorphous perversionIn psychoanalytic theory, a child's variegated sexual activity and interests, in general, the manifold perversion's shown by an adult. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymyalgiaPain in several muscle groups. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Mys, muscle, + algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymyalgia arteriticaPolymyalgia rheumatica resulting from arteritis, especially disseminated giant cell arteritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymyalgia rheumaticaAn inflammatory syndrome occurring in people over age 50 and is characterised by stiffness and pain in shoulder and hip musculature. Patients may complain of weakness in addition to diffuse muscle wasting (atrophy). The blood level of creatine phosphokinase (CPK muscle enzyme) is normal, but the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is elevated. Can also …
polymyoclonusSynonym for myoclonus multiplex ... An ill-defined disorder marked by rapid and widespread muscle contractions. ... Synonym: paramyoclonus multiplex, polyclonia, polymyoclonus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymyositis<pathology> An inflammatory condition of muscle of unknown aetiology. Muscle pain and weakness are common symptoms of this condition. When associated with a skin rash the condition is referred to as dermatomyositis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
polymyxin<chemical> Basic polypeptide antibiotic group obtained from bacillus polymyxa. They affect the cell membrane by detergent action and may cause neuromuscular and kidney damage. at least eleven different members of the polymyxin group have been identified, each designated by a letter. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, peptide. ... (12 Dec …
polymyxin acylase<enzyme> Deacylates polymyxin, colistin and octapeptin antibiotic ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
polymyxin b<chemical> A mixture of polymyxins b1 and b2, obtained from bacillus polymyxa strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin b is used for infections with gram-negative organisms, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, pept …
polymyxin B sulfateAn antibacterial effective in tularaemia, brucellosis, Pseudomonas infections, and urinary tract infections, but used systemically only for severe infections not responsive to less toxic agents; it is also used locally. Polymyxin B is a mixture of polymyxin B1 and polymyxin B2. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polymyxinsGroup of peptide antibiotics produced by Bacillus spp. Molecular weights are around 1000-1200 and the molecules are cyclic. Act against many gram-negative bacteria, working apparently by increasing membrane permeability. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polynesiaThe collective name for the islands of the central pacific ocean, including the austral islands, cook islands, easter island, hawaii, new zealand, phoenix islands, pitcairn island, samoa, tonga, tuamotu archipelago, wake island, and wallis and futuna islands. Polynesians are of the caucasoid race, but many are of mixed origin. Polynesia is from the …
polynesicOccurring in many separate foci; denoting certain forms of inflammation or infection. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Nesos, island ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyneuralRelating to, supplied by, or affecting several nerves. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Neuron, nerve ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyneuralgiaNeuralgia of several nerves simultaneously. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyneuritic psychosisSynonym for Korsakoff's syndrome ... <syndrome> May occur as a sequel to chronic alcohol abuse. Features include personality changes, confabulation, psychosis, disorientation, polyneuritis, insomnia and hallucinations. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
polyneuritis<pathology> Inflammation of many nerves at once, multiple or disseminated, neuritis. ... Origin: Gr. Neuron = nerve ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polyneuronitisInflammation of several groups of nerve cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyneuropathy<neurology> A disease process involving a number of peripheral nerves. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (14 Oct 1997) ...
polynoxylinPolymethylenebis[N, N'-di(hydroxymethyl)urea]; a polymer of urea with formaldehyde, used as a topical antiseptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polynucleosisThe presence of numbers of polynuclear, or multinuclear, cells in the peripheral blood. ... Synonym: multinucleosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polynucleotidases1. Enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of polynucleotides to oligonucleotides or to mononucleotides; e.g., phosphodiesterases, nucleases. ... 2. Terms once applied to the two polynucleotide phosphatases, 2'(3')-and 5'-, which do not cleave internucleotide links. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polynucleotide<molecular biology> Linear sequences of nucleotides, in which the 5' linked phosphate on one sugar group is covalently linked to the 3' position on the adjacent sugars. ... In the polynucleotide DNA the sugar is deoxyribose and in RNA, ribose. They may be double stranded or single stranded with varying amounts of internal folding. ... (14 Oct 1 …
polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the transfer of a phosphate group to the 5'-terminal hydroxyl groups of DNA and RNA. ... Chemical name: ATP:5'-dephosphopolynucleotide 5'-phosphotransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.78 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
polynucleotide 5'-phosphatase<enzyme> Chemical name: 5'-polynucleotidase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.33 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
polynucleotide adenylyltransferase<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of polyadenylic acid from ATP. May be due to the action of RNA polymerase (ec 2.7.7.6) or polynucleotide adenylyltransferase (ec 2.7.7.19). ... Chemical name: ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.19 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
polynucleotide ligases<enzyme> Catalyze the joining of preformed ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides in phosphodiester linkage during genetic processes. ... Registry number: EC 6.5.1. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
polynucleotide methylasesSynonym for polynucleotide methyltransferases ... Enzymes that catalyze the methylation of purine and/or pyrimidine bases of polynucleotides, or of the sugars of polynucleotides. ... Synonym: polynucleotide methylases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polynucleotide methyltransferasesEnzymes that catalyze the methylation of purine and/or pyrimidine bases of polynucleotides, or of the sugars of polynucleotides. ... Synonym: polynucleotide methylases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polynucleotide phosphorylaseSynonym for polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase ... <enzyme> An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyses the reaction RNA(n+1) and orthophosphate to yield RNA(n) and a nucleoside diphosphate, or the reverse reaction. ADP, idp, GDP, udp, and cdp can act as donors in the latter case. ... Chemical name: Polyribonucleotide:orthophosphat …
polynucleotide thioltransferasesEnzymes that catalyze specific thiolation reaction of purine and/or pyrimidine bases in polynucleotides. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyodontiaPresence of supernumerary teeth. ... Synonym: polydentia. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Odous, tooth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyolPolyhydroxy alcohol;a sugar that contains many -OH (-ol) groups, such as the sugar alcohols and inositols. ... Polyol dehydrogenases, oxidizing enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of sugar alcohols to monosaccharides (in EC class 1.1), specifically l-iditol dehydrogenase and aldose reductase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyol pathwaySynonym for sorbitol pathway ... A pathway responsible for d-fructose formation from sorbitol; increases in activity as the glucose concentration rises in diabetes. ... Synonym: polyol pathway. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyomavirus<virology> A papovavirus (genus Polyomavirus, family Papovaviridae) which is a DNA tumour virus with very small genome. ... Polyoma was isolated from mice, in which it causes no obvious disease, but when injected at high titre into baby rodents, including mice, it causes tumours of a wide variety of histological types (hence polyoma). ... In vi …
polyomavirus hominis 1<virology> A species of polyomavirus apparently infecting over 90% of children but not clearly associated with any clinical illness in childhood. ... The virus remains latent in the body throughout life and can be reactivated under certain circumstances. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
polyomavirus hominis 2<virology> A species of polyomavirus, originally isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ... The patient's initials j.c. Gave the virus its name. Infection is not accompanied by any apparent illness but serious demyelinating disease can appear later, probably following reactivation of latent virus. …
polyomavirus macacae<virology> A species of polyomavirus isolated from rhesus monkey kidney tissue, which produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures and tumours on inoculation into newborn hamsters. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
polyonchosis<oncology> Formation of multiple tumours. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Onkos, tumour, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyonychia<dermatology> Presence of supernumerary nails on fingers or toes. ... Synonym: polyunguia. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Onyx, nail ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyopsia<ophthalmology> The perception of several images of the same object. ... Synonym: multiple vision. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Ops, eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyorchidism<embryology, urology> Presence of one or more supernumerary testes. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Orchis, testis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyostotic<orthopaedics> Involving more than one bone. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Osteon, bone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyostotic fibrous dysplasiaThe occurrence of lesions of fibrous dysplasia in multiple bones, commonly on one side of the body; may occur with areas of pigmentation and endocrine dysfunction (McCune-Albright syndrome). ... Synonym: multifocal osteitis fibrosa, osteitis fibrosa disseminata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyotia<embryology> Presence of a supernumerary auricle on one or both sides of the head. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Ous, ear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyovular<gynaecology> Containing more than one ovum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyovular ovarian follicle<gynaecology> A follicle containing more than one ovum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyovulatory<gynaecology> Discharging several ova in one ovulatory cycle. ... Synonym: polyzygotic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyoxyethylene alcohols<chemistry> Used as emulsifying and wetting agents, antistats, solubilisers, defoamers, and other industrial applications. Laureth 9 as spermaticide; pharmaceutic aid (surfactant). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyoxyl 40 stearateA mixture of the monostearate and distearate esters of a condensation polymer, H(OCH2CH2)n-OCOC16H32CH3 (n is approximately 40); it is a nonionic surface-active agent used as an emulsifying agent in hydrophilic ointment and other emulsions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyp1. <pathology> Growth, usually benign, protruding from a mucous membrane. ... 2. <plant biology> The sessile stage of the Cnidarian life cycle, the cylindrical body is attached to the substratum at its lower end and has a mouth surrounded by tentacles bearing nematocysts at the upper end, Hydra and the feeding polyps of the colonial Obel …
polypapilloma<dermatology> Multiple papillomas. ... Synonym: yaws. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polypathiaA multiplicity of diseases or disorders. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Pathos, disease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polypeSynonym for polyp ... 1. <pathology> Growth, usually benign, protruding from a mucous membrane. ... 2. <plant biology> The sessile stage of the Cnidarian life cycle, the cylindrical body is attached to the substratum at its lower end and has a mouth surrounded by tentacles bearing nematocysts at the upper end, Hydra and the feeding polyps …
polypectomy<procedure, surgery> Excision of a polyp. ... Origin: polyp + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polypectomy snare<instrument> A wire loop device designed to slip over a polyp and, upon closure, result in transection of the polyp stalk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polypeptide<biochemistry> A peptide which on hydrolysis yields more than two amino acids, called tripeptides, tetrapeptides, etc. According to the number of amino acids contained. ... (14 Oct 1997) ...
polypeptide fucosyltransferase<enzyme> From cho cells; attaches fucose through an o-glycosidic linkage to serine or theonine in egf domains ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... Synonym: GDPfucose - polypeptide fucosyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
polypetalous<botany> With free petals. ... Compare: gamopetalous. ... (14 Oct 1997) ...
polyphagia<symptom> Great hunger, a sign of diabetes. People with this great hunger often lose weight. ... Origin: Gr. Phagein = to eat ... (14 Oct 1997) ...
polyphalangismSynonym for hyperphalangism ... Presence of a supernumerary phalanx in a finger or toe. ... Synonym: polyphalangism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyphallicPertaining to the fantasy of possessing multiple penises. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polypharmacy<pharmacology> The administration of an excessive number of drugs. ... (14 Oct 1997) ...
polyphemus<zoology> A very large American moth (Telea polyphemus) belonging to the Silkworm family (Bombycidae). Its larva, which is very large, bright green, with silvery tubercles, and with oblique white stripes on the sides, feeds on the oak, chestnut, willow, cherry, apple, and other trees. It produces a large amount of strong silk. ... Synonym: Ame …
polyphenicSynonym: pleiotropic. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Phaino, to display ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyphenic geneSynonym for pleiotropic gene ... A gene that has multiple, apparently unrelated, phenotypic manifestations. ... Synonym: polyphenic gene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyphenismThe existence of several phenotypesin a population which are caused byenvironmental influences rather than different genetic types. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
polyphenol oxidaseSynonym for laccase ... <enzyme> An enzyme oxidizing benzenediols to semiquinones with O2. ... Synonym: monophenol monooxygenase, phenol oxidase, phenolase, polyphenol oxidase, urushiol oxidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyphloretin phosphate<chemical> A polymeric mixture of polyesters of phosphoric acid and phloretin. It blocks some cellular responses to prostaglandins. ... Pharmacological action: prostaglandin antagonists. ... Chemical name: 1-Propanone, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-, phosphate, homopolymer ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
polyphobia<psychology> Morbid fear of many things; a condition marked by the presence of many phobias. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyphosphatesLinear polymers in which orthophosphate residues are linked with energy-rich phosphoanhydride bonds. They are found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
polyphosphoinositide phosphatase<enzyme> An 85-90 kD monomeric membrane-bound enzyme from rat brain; can hydrolyze phosphate from 3-, 4-, or 5-position of the inositol ring, thus may play a role in maintaining homeostatis among all forms of polyphosphoinositides ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... Synonym: ppi phosphatase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
polyphosphorylaseSynonym for phosphorylase ... <enzyme> Enzyme that catalyses the sequential removal of glycosyl residues from glycogen to yield one glucose-1-phosphate per reaction. Its activity is controlled by phosphorylation (by phosphorylase kinase). ... (21 Jun 2000) ...
polyphrasiaExtreme talkativeness. ... See: logorrhoea. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Phrasis, speech ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyphyleticComposed of members that originated, independently, from more than one evolutionary line. ... Compare: monophyletic. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
polyphyletic theorySynonym for polyphyletism ... In haematology, the theory that blood cells are derived from several different stem cells, depending on the particular cell type. ... Synonym: polyphyletic theory. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Phyle, tribe ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyphyletismIn haematology, the theory that blood cells are derived from several different stem cells, depending on the particular cell type. ... Synonym: polyphyletic theory. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Phyle, tribe ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyphyodontHaving several sets of teeth formed in succession throughout life. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Phyo, to produce, + odous (odont-), tooth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
PolyplaxA sucking louse (order Anoplura) of rats and mice. The species Polyplax serratus (the mouse louse) has been shown experimentally to be capable of transmitting tularaemia and may also be a vector for murine typhus and Trypanosoma lewisi. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Plax, plate, plaque ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyploidOf a nucleus, cell or organism that has more than two haploid sets of chromosomes. A cell with three haploid sets (3n) is termed triploid, four sets (4n) tetraploid and so on. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polyploidyThe chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of chromosomes; includes triploidy (symbol: 3n), tetraploidy (symbol: 4n), etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
polypneaSynonym: tachypnea. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Pnoia, breath ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
