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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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poliomyelopathyAny disease of the gray matter of the spinal cord. ... Origin: polio-+ G. Myelon, marrow, + pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poliosisA patchy absence or lessening of melanin in hair of the scalp, brows, or lashes, due to lack of pigment in the epidermis; it occurs in several hereditary syndromes but may be caused by inflammation, irradiation, or infection such as herpes zoster. ... Synonym: trichopoliosis. ... Origin: G., fr. Polios, gray ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poliovirus<virology> A member of the enterovirus group of Picornaviridae that causes poliomyelitis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
poliovirus hominisSynonym for poliomyelitis virus ... The picornavirus (genus Enterovirus) causing poliomyelitis in humans; the route of infection is the alimentary tract, but the virus may enter the bloodstream and nervous system, sometimes causing paralysis of the limbs and, rarely, encephalitis; many infections are inapparent; serologic types 1, 2, and 3 are recog …
poliovirus vaccineA suspension of formalin-inactivated poliovirus, types I, II, and III, grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture, used in the united states only for immunization of immunologically deficient patients and for primary immunization of unimmunised adults at risk. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poliovirus vaccine, oralA live vaccine containing attenuated poliovirus, types I, II, and III, grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture, used for routine immunization of children against polio. This vaccine induces long-lasting intestinal and humoral immunity. Killed vaccine induces only humoral immunity. Oral poliovirus vaccine should not be administered to immunocompr …
poliovirus vaccinesInactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), an aqueous suspension of inactivated strains of poliomyelitis virus (types 1, 2, and 3) used by injection; has largely been replaced by the oral vaccine. ... See: Salk vaccine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poliovirusesSpecies of enterovirus causing acute infection in humans and leading to nervous system damage in a minority of cases. Humans are the only natural host, but infection can also occur in non-human primates and experimentally in rodents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
polioviruses, human 1-3Species of enterovirus which are the causal agents of poliomyelitis in humans. Three serotypes (strains) exist: brunhilde (type 1), lansing (type 2), and leon (type 3). Transmission is by the faecal-oral route, pharyngeal secretions, or mechanical vector (flies). Both inactivated and live attenuated vaccines have proven effective in combatting the …
polishingFrom Polish. Polishing iron, an iron burnisher; especially, a small smoothing iron used in laundries. Polishing slate. A gray or yellow slate, found in Bohemia and Auvergne, and used for polishing glass, marble, and metals. A kind of hone or whetstone; hone slate. Polishing snake, a tool used in cleaning lithographic stones. Polishing wheel, a whee …
polishing brushA brush usually mounted in a rotating instrument, used to polish teeth or artificial replacements. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polishing treatmentThe final sewage treatment process to further reduce BOD5, suspended solids, and other pollutants. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
PolitzerAdam, Austrian otologist, 1835-1920. ... See: Politzer bag, Politzer method, Politzer's luminous cone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Politzer bagA pear-shaped rubber bag used for forcing air through the eustachian tube by the Politzer method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Politzer methodInflation of the eustachian tube and tympanum by forcing air into the nasal cavity at the instant the patient swallows. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Politzer's luminous coneSynonym for pyramid of light ... A triangular area at the anterior inferior part of the tympanic membrane, running from the umbo to the periphery, where there is seen a bright reflection of light. ... Synonym: cone of light, light reflex, Politzer's luminous cone, red reflex, Wilde's triangle. ... Malacarne's pyramid, a lobule on the undersurface of t …
polka feverSynonym for dengue ... Tropical disease caused by a flavivirus (one of the arboviruses), transmitted by mosquitoes. A more serious complication is dengue shock syndrome, a haemorrhagic fever probably caused by an immune complex hypersensitivity after re exposure. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
polkissen of ZimmermannSynonym: extraglomerular mesangium. ... Origin: Ger. Polkissen, pole + cushion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poll1. To remove the poll or head of; hence, to remove the top or end of; to clip; to lop; to shear; as, to poll the head; to poll a tree. 'When he [Absalom] pollled his head.' (2 Sam. Xiv. 26) 'His death did so grieve them that they polled themselves; they clipped off their horse and mule's hairs.' (Sir T. North) ... 2. To cut off; to remove by clippin …
poll evilSuppurative inflammation of the cranial nuchal (atlantal) bursa that lies between the atlas and the cranial end of the ligamentum nuchae in the horse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pollakidipsiaRarely used term for unduly frequent thirst. ... Origin: G. Pollakis, often, + dipsa, thirst ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pollakiuriaRarely used term for extraordinary urinary frequency. ... Origin: G. Pollakis, often, + ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pollardTo lop the tops of, as trees; to poll; as, to pollard willows. ... Origin: Pollarded; Pollarding. ... 1. A tree having its top cut off at some height above the ground, that may throw out branches. ... 2. A clipped coin; also, a counterfeit. ... 3. <zoology> A fish, the chub. A stag that has cast its antlers. ... A hornless animal (cow or sheep).
pollen
<plant biology> The microspores of seed plants, the powdery mass of microspores shed from anthers. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
pollen antigen
An extract of the antigenic protein from the pollen of plants; i.e., pollen allergen, used in the diagnosis and prevention of hay fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pollen extract
Liquid obtained by extracting the protein from the pollen of plants used for diagnostic testing or treatment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pollen mother cell
<plant biology> A diploid plant cell that forms four microspores by meiosis, the microspores give rise to pollen grains in seed plants. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
pollenosis
Synonym for pollinosis ... Hay fever excited by the pollen of various plants. ... Synonym: pollenosis. ... Origin: L. Pollen, pollen, + G. -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pollex
<anatomy> The first, or preaxial, digit of the fore limb, corresponding to the hallux in the hind limb; the thumb. ... <ornithology> In birds, the pollex is the joint which bears the bastard wing. ... Origin: L, the thumb. ... (21 Jun 1999) ...
pollicization
Construction of a substitute thumb. ... Origin: L. Pollex, thumb, + -ise, to make like, + -ation, state ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pollination
<plant biology> The transfer of pollen from the male organ, where it is formed, to the receptive region of a female organ, for example from anther to stigma. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
pollinium
<plant biology> A cohering mass of pollen grains, transferred as a unit in pollination. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
pollinosis
Hay fever excited by the pollen of various plants. ... Synonym: pollenosis. ... Origin: L. Pollen, pollen, + G. -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pollodic
Synonym: panodic. ... Origin: G. Polloi, many, + hodos, way ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pollutant
An undesired contaminant that results in pollution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
pollute
1. To make foul, impure, or unclean; to defile; to taint; to soil; to desecrate; used of physical or moral defilement. 'The land was polluted with blood.', 'Wickedness . . . Hath polluted the whole earth.' ... 2. To violate sexually; to debauch; to dishonor. ... 3. To render ceremonially unclean; to disqualify or unfit for sacred use or service, or f …
pollution
<ecology> The changing of a natural environment, either by natural or artificial means, so that the environment becomes harmful to the living things normally found in it. ... most often this refers to the input of toxic chemicals into the environment. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
polocyte
Synonym: polar body. ... Origin: G. Polos, pole, + kytos, cell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poloidal divertor
<radiobiology> A divertor which takes a bundle of poloidal field lines, forming a separatrix in the poloidal magnetic field which creates separate plasma regions (which can then have different physical parameters, since transport is reduced across the separatrix where q is infinity). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
poloidal field
<physics> In toroidal devices, the magnetic field that encircles the plasma axis. (i.e., loops around the torus the short way.) ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
poloidal field coil
<radiobiology> In toroidal devices (e.g., tokamaks), the sets of windings which are (typically) aligned along the plasma axis and produce poloidal fields. These include ohmic heating, shaping, vertical, equilibrium, and divertor windings. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
polonium
<chemical> Polonium. A radioactive element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol po, atomic number 84, and the atomic weight of the isotope with the longest half-life (209po) is 208.98. It decays by alpha-emission. ... Chemical name: Polonium ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poloxalene
<chemical> Methyloxirane polymer with oxirane. A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a faecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat. ... Pharmacological action: cathartic, disinfectants, fibrinolytic agent, surface-active agent. ... Chemical name: Oxi …
poloxalkol
Synonym for poloxalene ... <chemical> Methyloxirane polymer with oxirane. A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a faecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat. ... Pharmacological action: cathartic, disinfectants, fibrinolytic agent, surface-active ag …
polster
A bulge of smooth muscle cells, as in the penile arteries and veins, formerly thought to regulate blood flow. ... Origin: G. Cushion, bolster ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polus
Synonym: pole. ... Origin: L. Pole ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polus anterior bulbi oculi
Synonym for anterior pole of eyeball ... The centre of the corneal curvature of the eye. ... Synonym: polus anterior bulbi oculi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polus anterior lentis
Synonym for anterior pole of lens ... The central point on the anterior surface of the lens of the eye. ... Synonym: polus anterior lentis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polus frontalis cerebri
Synonym for frontal pole of cerebrum ... The most anterior promontory of each cerebral hemisphere. ... Synonym: polus frontalis cerebri, frontal pole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polus occipitalis cerebri
Synonym for occipital pole of cerebrum ... The most posterior promontory of each cerebral hemisphere; the apex of the occipital lobe. ... Synonym: polus occipitalis cerebri, occipital pole. ... Pelvic pole, the breech end of the foetus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polus posterior bulbi oculi
Synonym for posterior pole of eyeball ... The centre of the posterior curvature of the eye. ... Synonym: polus posterior bulbi oculi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polus posterior lentis
Synonym for posterior pole of lens ... The central point on the posterior surface of the lens. ... Synonym: polus posterior lentis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polus temporalis cerebri
Synonym for temporal pole of cerebrum ... The most prominent part of the anterior extremity of the temporal lobe of each cerebral hemisphere, a short distance below the fissure of Sylvius. ... Synonym: polus temporalis cerebri, temporal pole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poly
1. <prefix> A combining form or prefix denoting many, multiplicity, as polygon, a figure of many angles; polyatomic, having many atoms; polychord, polyconic. ... 2. <botany> A whitish woolly plant (Teucrium Polium) of the order Labiatae, found throughout the Mediterranean region. The name, with sundry prefixes, is sometimes given to othe …
poly A
Synonym for polyadenylic acid ... <biochemistry, molecular biology> Polynucleotide chain consisting entirely of residues of adenylic acid (i.e. The base sequence is AAAA.AAAA). Polyadenylic chains of various lengths are found at the 3' end of most eukaryotic mRNAs, the poly A tail. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...
poly A hydrolase
<enzyme> Endoribonuclease and exoribonuclease isolated; specific to poly(a) ... Registry number: EC 3.1.4.- ... Synonym: polyadenylase, polyadenylate hydrolase, poly a exonuclease ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
poly A specific exoribonuclease
<enzyme> Acts on 2' or 3'-linked oligoriboadenylates to liberate 5'-AMP ... Registry number: EC 3.1.13.- ... Synonym: 2',3'-exoribonuclease, 3'-exoribonuclease ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
poly A tail
<molecular biology> A sequence of adenine nucleotides that get added to the 3' end of some primary transcript messenger RNA molecules in eukaryotes during post-transcriptional processing. The added tail is believed to confer stability to the molecule. ... Histone mRNA do not have poly A tail. The poly A tail is added post transcriptionally to …
poly a-u
<chemical> A double-stranded polyribonucleotide comprising polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids and believed to be a stimulant of the immune system through induction of interferon. ... Pharmacological action: antiviral agents, interferon inducers. ... Chemical name: 5'-Adenylic acid, homopolymer, complex with 5'-uridylic acid homopolymer (1:1)
poly adenosine diphosphate ribose
<chemical> A polynucleotide formed from NAD in the presence of NAD+ nucleosidase. ... Chemical name: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), P'-5-ester with D-ribose, homopolymer ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poly ADP-ribose glycohydrolase
<enzyme> Splits ribose-ribose bonds; glycohydrolase I has a higher molecular weight and is tightly bound to mammalian cell nuclei; glycohydrolase II has lower molecular weight and is found in cytosol ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: (ADP-ribose)n glycohydrolase I, (ADP-ribose)n glycohydrolase II ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
poly c
<chemical> A group of cytosine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each cytosine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties. ... Chemical name: 5'-Cytidylic acid, homopolymer ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poly da-dt
<chemical> Polydeoxyribonucleotides made up of deoxyadenine nucleotides and thymine nucleotides. Present in DNA preparations isolated from crab species. Synthetic preparations have been used extensively in the study of DNA. ... Chemical name: 5'-Adenylic acid, thymidylyl-(5'-3')-2'-deoxy-, homopolymer ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poly g
<chemical> A group of guanine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each guanine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties. ... Chemical name: 5'-Guanylic acid, homopolymer ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poly I
A group of inosine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each inosine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poly I-c
<chemical> Interferon inducer consisting of a synthetic, mismatched double-stranded RNA. The polymer is made of one strand each of polyinosinic acid and polycytidylic acid. ... Pharmacological action: antiviral agents, interferon inducers. ... Chemical name: 5'-Inosinic acid, homopolymer, complex with 5'-cytidylic acid homopolymer (1:1) ... (12 …
poly polymerase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the addition of adenine residues to the 3' end of pre-messenger RNAs to form the poly(A) tail. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
poly t
<chemical> A group of thymine nucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each thymine nucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties. ... Chemical name: 5'-Thymidylic acid, homopolymer ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poly u
<chemical> A group of uridine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each uridine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties. ... Chemical name: 5'-Uridylic acid, homopolymer ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
poly-a polymerase
<enzyme> An enzyme in the nucleus of acell that adds several adenine nucleotidesto the 3' end of a primarytranscript messenger RNA. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
poly-beta-glucosaminidase
Synonym for chitinase ... <enzyme> An enzyme which breaks down chitin, which is a polysaccharide that forms the hard outer shell of arthropods (insects, spiders, crustaceans, etc.), and the cell walls of fungi, and some algae. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate
<biochemistry> A common storage material of prokaryotic cells consisting of a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) or other beta-alkanoic acids (PHA). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
poly(3-hydroxyalkenoate)polymerase
<enzyme> Forms polyesters from medium chain length 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: pha polymerase, phac1 gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
poly(A)
1. <abbreviation> Poly(adenylic acid). ... 2. Iridoid indole alkaloid isolated from Vinca sp.; may have pharmacological applications; falling in this class are vinblastine and vincristine. ... 3. Excretion of d-glyceric acid in the urine; found in renal calculi. ... 4. An inborn error in metabolism resulting in d-glyceric aciduria. ... 5. A class …
poly(A) polymerase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of a poly(adenylic acid) sequence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poly(A)-specific ribonuclease
<enzyme> From vigna unguiculata seedlings; bifunctional enzyme responsible for both poly(a)-polymerizing and poly(a)-hydrolyzing activities; removes the poly(a) tail as the first step in degrading mRNA ... Registry number: EC 3.1.13.4 ... Synonym: poly(a) nuclease, mRNA poly(a) nuclease, poly(a) ribonuclease (pan), pan2 protein ... (26 Jun 1999) …
poly(beta-D-mannuronate) lyase
<enzyme> Amino acid sequence has been determined for sp1 and sp2 isoenzymes from midgut of wreath shell, turbo cornutus ... Registry number: EC 4.2.2.3 ... Synonym: poly(1,4-beta-d-mannuronide)lyase, alginate lyase I, alginate lyase, aly gene product, mannuronate lyase sp1, mannuronate lyase sp2 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
poly(gamma-glutamic acid)
A polypeptide formed of glutamic acid residues, the gamma-carboxyl group of one glutamic acid being condensed to the amino group of its neighbor; occurs naturally in the anthrax bacillus capsule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poly(glycolic acid)
A polymer of glycolic acid, used in absorbable surgical sutures. ... Origin: see poly- ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poly(u)
<abbreviation> Poly(uridylic acid). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
poly(uridylic acid)
A homopolymer of uridylic acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Polya gastrectomy
<procedure> Operation in which a portion of the stomach is removed and a retrocolic gastrojejunostomy is constructed in an end-to-side fashion to the entire cut end of the stomach. ... Synonym: Polya's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Polya, Jeno
<person> Hungarian surgeon, 1876-1944. ... See: Polya gastrectomy, Polya's operation, Reichel-Polyastomach resection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Polya's operation
Synonym for Polya gastrectomy ... <procedure> Operation in which a portion of the stomach is removed and a retrocolic gastrojejunostomy is constructed in an end-to-side fashion to the entire cut end of the stomach. ... Synonym: Polya's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyacrilamide gel
A white, water-soluble, solid gel used as a gel base for electrophoresisand as a thickening or adhesive additive in other industrialapplications. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
polyacrylamide
A branched polymer of acrylamide (H2C==CHCONH2) that is used in gel electrophoresis; e.g., R-CH2-CH(CONH2)-CH(CONHRCH(CONHR')-R'. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Analytical and separative technique in which molecules, particularly proteins, are separated by their different electrophoretic mobilities in a hydrated gel. ... The gel suppresses convective mixing of the fluid phase through which the electrophoresis takes place and contributes molecular sieving. Commonly carried out in the presence of the anionic …
polyadenitis
Inflammation of many lymph nodes, especially with reference to the cervical group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyadenitis maligna
Synonym for bubonic plague ... <microbiology> This rare bacterial infection due to Yersinia pestis. ... It can cause painful, enlarged lymph nodes, fever, headache and prostration 2-7 days after a flea bite. May also cause pneumonia and sepsis. ... Transmitted in rodents and humans via an infected flea bite. The incubation period is 2-10 days. Y …
polyadenopathy
Adenopathy affecting many lymph nodes. ... Synonym: polyadenosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyadenosis
Synonym for polyadenopathy ... Adenopathy affecting many lymph nodes. ... Synonym: polyadenosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyadenous
Pertaining to or involving many glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyadenylation
1. The process of formation of poly(adenylic acid). ... 2. The covalent modification of a macromolecule (e.g., mRNA) by the formation of a polyadenylyl moiety covalent linked to the macromolecule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyadenylic acid
<biochemistry, molecular biology> Polynucleotide chain consisting entirely of residues of adenylic acid (i.e. The base sequence is AAAA.AAAA). Polyadenylic chains of various lengths are found at the 3' end of most eukaryotic mRNAs, the poly A tail. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...
polyalcohol
An aliphatic or alicyclic molecule characterised by the presence of two or more hydroxyl groups; e.g., glycerol, inositol. A polymer of an alcohol. ... Origin: G. Polys, much, many + alcohol ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyallelism
The existence of multiple alleles at a genetic locus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyalveolar lobe
A type of congenital anomaly where a severalfold increase in the total alveolar number leads to congenital lobar emphysema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
polyamine
A polymer of an amine. Class name for substances of the general formula H2N(CH2)nNH2, H2N(CH2)nNH(CH2)nNH2, H2N(CH2)nNH(CH2)nNH(CH2)nNH2, where n = 3, 4, or 5. Many polyamine's arise by bacterial action on protein; many are normally occurring body constituents of wide distribution, or are essential growth factors for microorganisms. ... Origin: G. P …
polyamine oxidase
<enzyme> Aminoacetone is oxidatively deaminated to methylglyoxal; spermidine gives putrescine and 3-aminopropionaldehyde; spermine gives spermidine and 3-aminopropionaldehyde ... Registry number: EC 1.5.3.3 ... Synonym: spermine oxidase, spermidine oxidase, aminoacetone oxidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
polyamine-methylene resin
A synthetic acid-binding resin used as a gastric antacid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
