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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

polyamino acids
Polypeptides that are polymers of aminoacyl groups, i.e., of -NH-CHR-CO-; typically, a term used with homopolymers. ... See: poly-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyandry
1. <plant biology> Describes the condition of a plant whose flowers have many stamens (male pollen-producing structures). ... 2. Describes the practice of a woman having two or more husbands at the same time. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

polyanetholesulfonate
<chemical> (e)-1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene homopolymer, sulfonated, sodium salt. A compound originally developed as an anticoagulant, but possessing anticomplement action and lowering the bactericidal action of blood. It is used in vitro to inhibit blood coagulation and as a diagnostic reagent to encourage the growth of pathogens in the b …

polyangiitis
Inflammation of multiple blood vessels involving more than one type of vessel, e.g., arteries and veins, or arterioles and capillaries. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyanion
<biochemistry> Macromolecule carrying many negative charges. The commonest in cell biological systems is nucleic acid. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

polyarteritis
Simultaneous inflammation of a number of arteries. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyarteritis nodosa
<radiology> Necrotizing vasculitis of medium-sized arteries, usually in male adults, associated with hepatitis B antigen, kidney: most frquently involved organ (85%), multiple small intrarenal aneurysms, aneurysms may disappear (thrombosis) or appear in new locations, arterial narrowing and thrombosis (chronic/healing stage), multiple small c …

polyarthric
Synonym for multiarticular ... Relating to or involving many joints. ... Synonym: polyarthric, polyarticular. ... Origin: multi-+ L. Articulus, joint ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyarthritis
<pathology> An inflammation of several joints together. ... Origin: Gr. Arthron = joint ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

polyarthritis chronica
An obsolete term for rheumatoid arthritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyarthritis chronica villosa
A chronic inflammation confined to the synovial membrane, involving a number of joints; it occurs in women at the menopause and in children. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyarthritis rheumatica acuta
An obsolete term for polyarthritis associated with rheumatic fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyarticular
Involving many joints. As opposed to monoarticular (affecting just one joint). From the latin articulus, meaning a joint. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polyauxotroph
A mutant organism that requires several nutrients that are not required by the wild type organism. ... Compare: auxotroph, monoauxotroph. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyavitaminosis
Avitaminosis with multiple deficiencies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyaxial joint
Synonym for multiaxial joint ... One in which movement occurs in a number of axes. ... See: ball-and-socket joint. ... Synonym: polyaxial joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polybasic acid
An acid containing more than three ionizable atoms of hydrogen in the molecule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyblast
One of a group of ameboid, mononucleated, wandering phagocytic cells found in inflammatory exudates. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyblennia
Excessive production of mucus. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Blennos, mucus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polybrominated biphenyls
Biphenyl compounds which are extensively brominated. Many of these compounds are toxic environmental pollutants. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polycarbophil
A polyacrylic acid cross-linked with divinyl glycol; used as a gastrointestinal absorbent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polycarboxylate cement
Water-soluble low-molecular-weight polymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid that form solid, insoluble products when mixed with specially prepared zno powder. The resulting cement adheres to dental enamel and is also used as a luting agent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polycardia
Synonym for tachycardia ... <clinical sign> The excessive rapidity in the action of the heart, the term is usually applied to a heart rate above 100 per minute and may be qualified as atrial, junctional (nodal) or ventricular and as paroxysmal. ... Origin: Gr. Kardia = heart ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

polycation
<biochemistry, chemistry> Macromolecule with many positively charged groups. at physiological pH the most commonly used in cell biology is poly L lysine, this is often used to coat surfaces thereby increasing the adhesion of cells (which have net negative surface charge). ... See: cationised ferritin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

polycentric
Having several centres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polycheiria
Polychiria ... Presence of supernumerary hands. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Cheir, hand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polychlorinated biphenyl
Biphenyl in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbons are replaced by chlorine atoms; a probable human carcingogen and teratogen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polychlorinated biphenyls
Biphenyl compounds which are extensively chlorinated. Many of these compounds are toxic environmental pollutants. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polychloroterphenyl compounds
Compounds consisting of three benzene rings linked to each other in either ortho, meta or para positions and substituted with chlorine atoms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polychondritis
A widespread disease of cartilage. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Chondros, cartilage, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polychondritis, relapsing
An acquired disease of unknown aetiology, chronic course, and tendency to recur. It is characterised by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage and can result in deformities such as floppy ear and saddle nose. Loss of cartilage in the respiratory tract can lead to respiratory obstruction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polychromaemia
An increase in the total amount of haemoglobin in the blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polychromasia
Synonym for polychromatophilia ... 1. A tendency of certain cells, such as the red blood cells in pernicious anaemia, to stain with basic and also acid dyes. ... 2. Condition characterised by the presence of many red blood cells that have an affinity for acid, basic, or neutral stains. ... Synonym: polychromasia, polychromatosis, polychromophilia. ... …

polychromatic cell
A primitive erythrocyte in bone marrow, with basophilic material as well as haemoglobin (acidophilic) in the cytoplasm. ... Synonym: polychromatophil cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polychromatocyte
polychromatophil ...

polychromatophil cell
Synonym for polychromatic cell ... A primitive erythrocyte in bone marrow, with basophilic material as well as haemoglobin (acidophilic) in the cytoplasm. ... Synonym: polychromatophil cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polychromatophile
1. Staining readily with acid, neutral, and basic dyes; denoting certain cells, especially certain red blood cells. ... Synonym: polychromatophilic. ... 2. A young or degenerating erythrocyte that manifests acid and basic staining affinities. ... Synonym: polychromatocyte. ... Synonym: polychromophil. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Chroma, colour, + phileo, to l …

polychromatophilia
1. A tendency of certain cells, such as the red blood cells in pernicious anaemia, to stain with basic and also acid dyes. ... 2. Condition characterised by the presence of many red blood cells that have an affinity for acid, basic, or neutral stains. ... Synonym: polychromasia, polychromatosis, polychromophilia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polychromatophilic
polychromatophil ...

polychromatosis
Synonym for polychromatophilia ... 1. A tendency of certain cells, such as the red blood cells in pernicious anaemia, to stain with basic and also acid dyes. ... 2. Condition characterised by the presence of many red blood cells that have an affinity for acid, basic, or neutral stains. ... Synonym: polychromasia, polychromatosis, polychromophilia. ... …

polychrome methylene blue
An alkaline solution of methylene blue which undergoes progressive oxidative demethylation with aging (ripening) to produce a mixture of methylene blue, azures, and methylene violet; boiling with sodium carbonate or other oxidizing agents accomplishes this result quickly, although it is not as highly regarded. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polychromia
Increased pigmentation in any part. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polychromophil
polychromatophil ...

polychromophilia
Synonym for polychromatophilia ... 1. A tendency of certain cells, such as the red blood cells in pernicious anaemia, to stain with basic and also acid dyes. ... 2. Condition characterised by the presence of many red blood cells that have an affinity for acid, basic, or neutral stains. ... Synonym: polychromasia, polychromatosis, polychromophilia. ... …

polychylia
An increased production of chyle. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Chylos, chyle, + -ia, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polycinematosomnography
Synonym for somnocinematography ... The process or technique of recording movements during sleep. ... Synonym: polycinematosomnography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polycistronic
Pertaining to mRNA carrying information for the synthesis of more than one protein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polycistronic mRNA
<molecular biology> A single mRNA molecule that is the product of the transcription of several tandemly arranged genes, typically the mRNA transcribed from an operon. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

polyclonal
Derived from different types of cells. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

polyclonal activator
A substance that will activate T-cells, B-cells, or both regardless of their specificities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyclonal antibodies
A group of antibodiesproduced by different B lymphocytes in responseto the same antigen, different antibodies in the group recognise different parts of the antigen. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

polyclonal antibody
An antibody produced by several clones of B lymphocytes as would be the case in a whole animal. Usually refers to antibodies raised in immunised animals, whereas a monoclonal antibody is the product of a single clone of B lymphocytes, usually maintained in vitro. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

polyclonal antiserum
A mixture of antibodies to a variety of antigens or to a variety of determinants on a single antigen. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

polyclonal compartment
When the progeny of several cells occupy an area or volume with a defined boundary, it is referred to as a polyclonal compartment, for example clones lying close to the mid line of the wing of Drosophila. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

polyclonia
Synonym: myoclonus multiplex. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Klonos, tumult ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polycloning site
Region of a phage or plasmid vector that has been engineered to contain a series of restriction sites that are usually unique within the entire vector. This makes it particularly easy to insert or excise (subclone) DNA fragments. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Polycomb
Drosophila gene, which when mutated leads to extra sex combs on the legs of male flies, suggesting that the posterior legs have become anterior legs. There are at least 10 genes in the Polycomb group, they are thought to act by transcriptional silencing of homeotic genes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

polyconic
Pertaining to, or based upon, many cones. ... <geometry> Polyconic projection, a projection of the earth's surface, or any portion thereof, by which each narrow zone is projected upon a conical surface that touches the sphere along this zone, the conical surface being then unrolled. This projection differs from conic projection in that latter …

polycoria
The presence of two or more pupils in one iris. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Kore, pupil ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polycyclic hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons consisting of two or more fused ring structures. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic
<chemical> A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odour characteristic of most substances of this natur …

polycyesis
Synonym: multiple pregnancy. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Kyesis, pregnancy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polycystic
Composed of many cysts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polycystic disease of kidneys
Synonym for polycystic kidney ... A progressive disease characterised by formation of multiple cysts of varying size scattered diffusely throughout both kidney's, resulting in compression and destruction of kidney parenchyma, usually with hypertension, gross haematuria, and uraemia; there are two major types: 1) with onset in infancy or early childh …

polycystic kidney
A progressive disease characterised by formation of multiple cysts of varying size scattered diffusely throughout both kidney's, resulting in compression and destruction of kidney parenchyma, usually with hypertension, gross haematuria, and uraemia; there are two major types: 1) with onset in infancy or early childhood, usually with autosomal reces …

polycystic kidney disease
<disease> A rare inherited condition in which the kidney are composed of multiple cysts. Kidney cysts are associated with an increased incidence of cerebral aneurysm. ... Symptoms usually appear later (if they do at all) and include blood in the urine, flank pain, excessive urination at night and abdominal pain. Individuals may also have eleva …

polycystic liver
Gradual cystic dilation of intralobular bile ducts (Meyenburg's complexes) that fail to involute in embryologic development of the liver; frequently associated with bilateral congenital polycystic kidneys and occasionally with cystic involvement of the pancreas, lungs, and other organs. ... Synonym: polycystic liver disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polycystic liver disease
Synonym for polycystic liver ... Gradual cystic dilation of intralobular bile ducts (Meyenburg's complexes) that fail to involute in embryologic development of the liver; frequently associated with bilateral congenital polycystic kidneys and occasionally with cystic involvement of the pancreas, lungs, and other organs. ... Synonym: polycystic liver d …

polycystic ovarian disease
<disease> A condition found among women who do not ovulate, characterised by multiple ovarian cysts and increased androgen production. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

polycystic ovary
Enlarged cystic ovary's, pearl white in colour, with thickened tunica albuginea, characteristic of the Stein-Leventhal syndrome; clinical features are abnormal menses, obesity, and evidence of masculinization, such as hirsutism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polycystic ovary syndrome
<syndrome> Clinical symptom complex characterised by oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea, anovulation, and regularly associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polycythaemia
<haematology> Increase in the haemoglobin content of the blood, either because of a reduction in plasma volume or an increase in red cell numbers. The latter may be a result of abnormal proliferation of red cell precursors (polycythaemia vera, Vaquez Osler disease). ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

polycythaemia rubra vera
<haematology> A condition characterised by enlargement of the spleen and the increased production of red blood cells by the bone marrow. ... Diagnosis is based on an increased number and volume of red cells. The total number of white blood cells and platelets may also be increased. Treatment will vary according to the age of the patient and se …

polycythaemia vera
Synonym for polycythaemia rubra vera ... <haematology> A condition characterised by enlargement of the spleen and the increased production of red blood cells by the bone marrow. ... Diagnosis is based on an increased number and volume of red cells. The total number of white blood cells and platelets may also be increased. Treatment will vary ac …

polycythemia
The opposite of anaemia. Too many red blood cells. Polycythemia formally exists when the haemoglobin, red blood cell count, and total rbc volume are all above normal. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polycythemia hypertonica
Polycythemia associated with hypertension, but without splenomegaly. ... Synonym: Gaisbock's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polycythemia rubra
Synonym for polycythemia vera ... Overproduction (proliferation) of red blood cells due to bone marrow disease (myeloproferative disorder). Pv tends to evolve into acute leukaemia or a condition with the marrow replaced by scar tissue (myelofibrosis) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polycythemia rubra vera
Synonym for polycythemia vera ... Overproduction (proliferation) of red blood cells due to bone marrow disease (myeloproferative disorder). Pv tends to evolve into acute leukaemia or a condition with the marrow replaced by scar tissue (myelofibrosis) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polycythemia vera
Overproduction (proliferation) of red blood cells due to bone marrow disease (myeloproferative disorder). Pv tends to evolve into acute leukaemia or a condition with the marrow replaced by scar tissue (myelofibrosis) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polydactylous
Relating to polydactyly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polydactyly
<radiology> Ellis-van Creveld, Laurence-Moon-Biedle, trisomy 13-15, simple polydactyly, Carpenter syndrome, Meckel-Gruber syndrome ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polydentia
Synonym: polyodontia. ... Origin: poly-+ L. Dens, tooth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polydeoxyribonucleotides
A group of 13 or more deoxyribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polydioxanone
<chemical> Poly(oxy(1-oxo-1,2-ethanediyl)oxy-1,2-ethanediyl). An absorbable suture material used also as ligating clips, as pins for internal fixation of broken bones, and as ligament reinforcement for surgically managed ligament injuries. Its promising characteristics are elasticity, complete biodegradability, and lack of side effects such a …

polydipsia
<symptom> Chronic excessive thirst, as in diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus. ... Origin: Gr. Dipsa = thirst ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

polydispersoid
A colloid system in which the dispersed phase is composed of particles having different degrees of dispersion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polydnaviridae
A family of insect viruses isolated from endoparasitic hymenopteran insects belonging to the families ichneumonidae and braconidae. The two genera are ichnovirus and bracovirus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

polydysplasia
Tissue development abnormal in several respects. ... Origin: poly-+ G. Dys-, bad, + plasis, a molding ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polydystrophic
Relating to polydystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polydystrophic dwarfism
Synonym for Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome ... <biochemistry, syndrome> An error of mucopolysaccharide metabolism due to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme arylsulphatase B. ... It is characterised by excretion of dermatan sulfate in the urine, growth retardation, lumbar kyphosis, sternal protrusion, genu valgum, usually hepatosplenomegaly, and no men …

polydystrophy
A condition characterised by the presence of many congenital anomalies of the connective tissues. ... Origin: poly-+ dystrophy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyelectrolyte
An ion with multiple charged groups. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

polyendocrine deficiency syndrome
<syndrome> Polyglandular deficiency syndrome, associated pathologic dysfunction of several endocrine glands, as in Schmidt's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyendocrine syndrome
<syndrome> Autoimmune disorder (the antigen to which the response is mounted is in the B-cells of the pancreas) in which there is involvement of several organ systems. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

polyendocrinopathies, autoimmune
Autoimmune disease affecting multiple endocrine organs. Type I is characterised by childhood onset and mucocutaneous candidiasis, while type II exhibits any combination of adrenal insufficiency (addison's disease), lymphocytic thyroiditis, hypoparathyroidism, and gonadal failure. In both types organ-specific antibodies against a variety of endocrin …

polyendocrinopathy
A disease usually caused by insufficiency of multiple endocrine glands. ... See: multiple endocrine deficiency syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyene
A chemical compound having a series of conjugated (alternating) double bonds; e.g., the carotenoids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyenic acids
Synonym for polyenoic acids ... Fatty acids with more than one double bonds in the carbon chain; e.g., linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids. ... Synonym: polyenic acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyenoic acids
Fatty acids with more than one double bonds in the carbon chain; e.g., linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids. ... Synonym: polyenic acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

polyenoic fatty acid isomerase
<enzyme> Catalyses conversion of arachidonic acid and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid to 5,7,9,14-eicosatetraenoic acid and 5,7,9,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, respectively ... Registry number: EC 5.3.3.- ... Synonym: pfi enzyme ... (26 Jun 1999) ...