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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

phosphoribomutase
<enzyme> Converts ribose-1-phosphate to ribose-5-phosphate ... Registry number: EC 2.7.5.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
<chemical> The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. ... Chemical name: alpha-D-Ribofuranose, 5-(dihydrogen phosphate) 1-(trihydrogen diphosphate) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphoribosyltransferase
One of a group of enzymes (EC sub-subclass 2.4.2, pentosyltransferases) that transfers d-ribose 5-phosphate from 5-phospho-alpha-d-ribosyl pyrophosphate to a purine, pyrimidine, or pyridine acceptor, forming a 5'-nucleotide and inorganic pyrophosphate, or d-ribose from d-ribosyl phosphate to a base, forming a nucleoside, or similar pentose transfer …

phosphoribulokinase
<enzyme> An enzyme that, in the presence of ATP, catalyses the phosphorylation of d-ribulose 5-phosphate to d-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and ADP, a reaction of importance in the carbon dioxide fixation cycle of photosynthesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phosphoribulose epimerase
ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase ...

phosphoric
1. (Chem) Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling, or containing, from us; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a higher valence as contrasted with the phosphorous compounds. ... 2. Phosphorescent. 'A phosphoric sea.' Glacial phosphoric acid. ... <chemistry> Phosphoric acid changed from acid (soluble) salts back …

phosphoric acid
O==P(OH)3; Orthophosphoric acid;a strong acid of industrial importance; m.p. 42.35°C; dilute solutions have been used as urinary acidifiers and as dressings to remove necrotic debris. In dentistry, it comprises about 60% of the liquid used in zinc phosphate and silicate cements; solutions are used for conditioning enamel surfaces prior to applicati …

phosphoric acid esters
Organic esters of phosphoric acid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphoric acids
Inorganic derivatives of phosphoric acid (h3po4). Inorganic salts are known as phosphates and organic esters are phosphoric acid esters. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphoric diester hydrolases
<enzyme> A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the two ester bonds in a phosphodiester compound. ... Registry number: EC 3.1.4 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphoric monoester hydrolases
<enzyme> A group of hydrolases which catalyze the hydrolysis of monophosphoric esters with the production of one mole of orthophosphate. ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphoridrosis
Synonym for phosphorhidrosis ... The excretion of luminous sweat. ... Synonym: phosphoridrosis. ... Origin: G. Phos, light, + phoros, bearing, + hidrosis, sweating ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phosphorised
Containing phosphorus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phosphorism
Chronic poisoning with phosphorus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phosphoroclastic cleavage
Synonym for phosphorolysis ... <biochemistry> This reaction is an analogue to hydrolysis, except here a molecule is cleaved with phosphate as the attacking group. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

phosphoroclastic reaction
Cleavage of C-C bonds that involves phosphate transfer but not, as in phosphorolysis, directly to one of the products; e.g., the decomposition of pyruvate to acetate + CO2, in which Pi is added to ADP to form ATP. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phosphorolysis
<biochemistry> This reaction is an analogue to hydrolysis, except here a molecule is cleaved with phosphate as the attacking group. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

phosphorous acid
H3PO3;its salts are phosphites. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phosphorous acids
Inorganic or organic derivatives of phosphorous acid (p(oh)3). Inorganic salts are known as phosphites. The tautomeric form of this compound (hpo(oh)2) = phosphonic acids. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphorpenia
Synonym for phosphopenia ... Low serum phosphate levels. ... Synonym: phosphorpenia. ... Origin: phospho-+ G. Penia, poverty ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phosphoruria
Synonym for phosphaturia ... <nephrology> The excessive discharge of phosphates in the urine. ... Origin: NL. See Phosphate, and Urine. ... (01 Mar 1998) ...

phosphorus
Origin: L, the morning star, Gr, lit, light bringer; light + to bring. ... 1. The morning star; Phosphor. ... 2. <chemistry> A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen group, obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having a characteristic disagreeable smell. It is very active chemically, must be preserved under water …

phosphorus acids
Inorganic acids that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphorus compounds
Inorganic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphorus isotopes
Stable phosphorus atoms that have the same atomic number as the element phosphorus, but differ in atomic weight. P-31 is a stable phosphorus isotope. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphorus metabolism disorders
Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphorus pentoxide
P2O5;the ultimate anhydride of orthophosphoric acid; a drying and dehydrating agent; corrosive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phosphorus radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphorus-32
Radioactive phosphorus isotope; beta emitter with half-life of 14.28 days; used as tracer in metabolic studies and in the treatment of certain diseases of the osseous and haematopoietic systems. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phosphorus-33
A radioactive isotope of phosphorus with a half-life of 25.3 days; used as a tracer in metabolic studies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phosphorus-oxygen lyases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a phosphorus-oxygen bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. ... Registry number: EC 4.6 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphorus, dietary
Phosphorus used in foods or obtained from food. This element is a major intracellular component which plays an important role in many biochemical pathways relating to normal physiological functions. High concentrations of dietary phosphorus can cause nephrocalcinosis which is associated with impaired kidney function. Low concentrations of dietary p …

phosphorylase
<enzyme> Enzyme that catalyses the sequential removal of glycosyl residues from glycogen to yield one glucose-1-phosphate per reaction. Its activity is controlled by phosphorylation (by phosphorylase kinase). ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

phosphorylase a
<enzyme> The phosphorylated and more active form of phosphorylase that functions as a regulatory enzyme during glycogen breakdown. The phosphate groups are hydrolytically removed by phosphorylase phosphatase to form phosphorylase b and orthophosphate. ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphorylase b
<enzyme> The relatively inactive form of phosphorylase that is reactivated to form phosphorylase a by phosphorylase kinase, which catalyses the enzymatic phosphorylation of the serine residues at the expense of ATP. ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphorylase kinase
<enzyme> The enzyme that regulates the activity of phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase by addition of phosphate groups. A large and complex enzyme, itself regulated by phosphorylation. Integrates the hormonal and calcium signals in muscle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

phosphorylase kinase phosphatase
<enzyme> Aspect of phosphoprotein phosphatase EC 3.1.3.16 ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

phosphorylase phosphatase
<enzyme> An enzyme that deactivates glycogen phosphorylase a by releasing inorganic phosphate and phosphorylase b, the inactive form. ... Chemical name: (Phosphorylase a) phosphohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.17 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphorylase-rupturing enzyme
Synonym for phosphorylase phosphatase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that deactivates glycogen phosphorylase a by releasing inorganic phosphate and phosphorylase b, the inactive form. ... Chemical name: (Phosphorylase a) phosphohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.17 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphorylases
1. General term for enzymes transferring an inorganic phosphate group to some organic acceptor, hence belonging to the transferases. ... 2. Specifically, enzymes that release a single glucosyl residue from a polyglucose as d-glucose 1-phosphate, the phosphate coming from inorganic orthophosphate; e.g., phosphophorylase, sucrose phosphorylases, cello …

phosphorylation
<biochemistry> The creation of a phosphate derivative of an organic molecule. This isusually achieved by transferring a phosphate group from ATP. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

phosphorylation of proteins
<biochemistry> Addition of phosphate groups to hydroxyl groups on proteins (side chains s, T or Y) catalysed by a protein kinase often specific) with ATP as phosphate donor. Activity of proteins is often regulated by phosphorylation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

phosphorylcholine
<chemical> (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride phosphate. Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction. ... Chemical name: Ethanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-, chloride ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphorylphosphatase
<enzyme> May be reversed to catalyze the in vitro synthesis of sarin and soman from their corresponding hydrolytic products ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... Synonym: organophosphate hydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

phosphoserine
<chemical> The phosphoric acid ester of serine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes. ... Pharmacological action: indicators and reagents. ... Chemical name: DL-Serine, dihydrogen phosphate (ester) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphoserine aminotransferase
<enzyme> Class iv aminotransferase isolated from liver ... Chemical name: 3-phosphoserine oxoglutarate transaminase ... Registry number: EC 2.6.1.52 ... Synonym: hydroxypyruvate-p glutamate transaminase, 3-phosphoserine aminotransferase, serc gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

phosphosphingosides
Synonym for sphingomyelins ... A group of phospholipids, found in brain, spinal cord, kidney, and egg yolk, containing 1-phosphocholine (choline O-phosphate) combined with a ceramide (a long-chain fatty acid linked to the nitrogen of a long-chain base, such as sphingosine). ... Synonym: ceramide 1-phosphorylcholine, phosphosphingosides. ... (05 Mar 20 …

phosphosugar
A phosphorylated saccharide; any sugar containing an alcoholic group esterified with phosphoric acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phosphothreonine
<chemical> The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes. ... Pharmacological action: indicators and reagents. ... Chemical name: L-Threonine, dihydrogen phosphate (ester) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphotransacetylase
Synonym for phosphate acetyltransferase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of acetylphosphate from acetyl-CoA and inorganic phosphate. Acetylphosphate serves as a high-energy phosphate compound. ... Chemical name: Acetyl-CoA:orthophosphate acetyltransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.8 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphotransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

phosphotransferases
<enzyme> A rather large group of enzymes that transfers a phosphate group from a donor to an acceptor. They are important in metabolism and comprise not only those transferring phosphate but also diphosphate, nucleotidyl residues, and others. These have also been subdivided according to the acceptor group. ... Registry number: EC 2.7 ... Alcoh …

phosphotriose isomerase
Synonym for triosephosphate isomerase ... <biochemistry, enzyme> An isomerizing enzyme that during glycolysis, catalyses the reversible interconversion of d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and viceversa. A reaction of importance in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. ... A deficiency in humans causes congenital nonspherocyt …

phosphotungstic acid
<chemical> Tungsten hydroxide oxide phosphate. A white or slightly yellowish-green, slightly efflorescent crystal or crystalline powder. It is used as a reagent for alkaloids and many other nitrogen bases, for phenols, albumin, peptone, amino acids, uric acid, urea, blood, and carbohydrates. ... Chemical name: Tungsten hydroxide oxide phosphat …

phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin
A stain with broad application in cytology and histology; nuclei, mitochrondria, fibrin, neuroglial fibrils, and cross-striations of skeletal and cardiac muscle stain blue; cartilage ground substance, bone reticulum, and elastin appear in shades of yellow-orange and brownish red; also useful for demonstrating abnormal or diseased astrocytes, often …

phosphotungstic acid stain
<technique> The first general stain used for electron microscopy; a selective stain for extracellular components such as elastin, collagen, and basement membrane mucopolysaccharides; it can be followed by uranyl acetate or lead. ... Synonym: PTA stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phosphotyrosine
<biochemistry> Strictly speaking, tyrosine phosphate, but normally refers to the phosphate ester of a protein tyrosine residue. ... Present in very small amounts in tissues, but believed to be important in systems that regulate growth control and is therefore of interest in studies of malignancy. The src gene product (pp60(src)) was one of the …

phosphovitin
Synonym for phosvitin ... <chemical> An egg yolk phosphoglycoprotein which contains about 90% of the yolk protein phosphorus. It is synthesised in the liver of the hen and transferred to the developing oocyte, where it is bound to lipoproteins within the yolk granules. ... Chemical name: Phosvitins ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phosphuresis
Excretion of excessive amounts of phosphate in the urine. ... Origin: phospho-+ G. Ouresis, urination ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phosphureted hydrogen
Synonym for phosphine ... <chemistry> A colourless gas, PH3, analogous to ammonia, and having a disagreeable odour resembling that of garlic. ... Synonym: hydrogen phosphide, and formerly, phosphureted hydrogen. ... It is the most important compound of phosphorus and hydrogen, and is produced by the action of caustic potash on phosphorus. It is …

phosphuria
Synonym for phosphaturia ... <nephrology> The excessive discharge of phosphates in the urine. ... Origin: NL. See Phosphate, and Urine. ... (01 Mar 1998) ...

phosvitin
<chemical> An egg yolk phosphoglycoprotein which contains about 90% of the yolk protein phosphorus. It is synthesised in the liver of the hen and transferred to the developing oocyte, where it is bound to lipoproteins within the yolk granules. ... Chemical name: Phosvitins ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phot
A unit of illumination; 1 phot equals 1 lumen/cm2 of surface. ... Origin: G. Phos (phot-), light ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photalgia
Light-induced pain, especially of the eyes. For example, in uveitis, the light-induced movement of the iris may be painful. ... Synonym: photodynia. ... Origin: phot-+ G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photaugiaphobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of, or overreaction to, a glare of light. ... Origin: G. Photaugeia, glare of light, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photechic effect
The ability of an agent, other than light, to make a developable latent image in a photographic film emulsion. ... Synonym: Russell effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photesthesia
Perception of light. ... Origin: photo-+ G. Aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photic driving
A normal EEG phenomenon whereby the frequency of the activity recorded over the parieto-occipital regions is time-locked to the flash frequency during photic stimulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photic stimulation
The use of a flickering light at various frequencies to influence the pattern of the occipital electroencephalogram and also to activate latent abnormalities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photism
Production of a sensation of light or colour by a stimulus to another sense organ, such as of hearing, taste, or touch. ... Synonym: pseudophotesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photo cell
A light-detecting electronic device; the device that measures X-ray transmission through a patient for automatic termination of the exposure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photo-
Phot- ... Light. ... Origin: G. Phos (phot-) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photo-patch test
A test of contact photosensitization: after application of a patch with the suspected sensitiser for 48 hours to two sites, if there is no reaction one area is exposed to a weak erythema dose of sunlight or ultraviolet light; if positive, a more severe reaction with vesiculation develops at the exposed patch area than the nonexposed skin patch site …

photoablation
<technique> The destruction of cells by the action of light ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

photoactinic
Denoting radiation that produces both luminous and chemical effects. ... Origin: photo-+ G. Aktis, ray ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photoaffinity labelling
<technique> A technique for covalently attaching a label or marker molecule onto another molecule such as a protein. ... The label, which is often fluorescent or radioactive, contains a group that becomes chemically reactive when illuminated usually with ultraviolet light) and will form a covalent linkage with an appropriate group on the molec …

photoaffinity labels
Biologically active molecules which are covalently bound to the enzymes or binding proteins normally acting on them. Binding occurs due to activation of the label by ultraviolet light. These labels are used primarily to identify binding sites on proteins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

photoallergic sensitivity
See: photosensitization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photoallergy
See: photosensitization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photoautotroph
<biology> An organism able to use light as its sole source of energy and carbon dioxide as sole carbon source. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

photoautotrophic
Pertaining to a photoautotroph. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photobacteria
Plural of photobacterium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photobacterium
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are common in the marine environment and on the surfaces and in the intestinal contents of marine animals. Some species are bioluminescent and are found as symbionts in specialised luminous organs of fish. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Photobacterium harveyi
lucibacterium harveyi ...

Photobacterium phosphoreum
A luminescent species found on dead fish and in sea water; it is the type species of the genus Photobacterium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photobiology
The branch of biology which deals with the effect of light on living organisms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

photobleach
To lose colour or make white by the action of light; e.g., the use of a laser to bleach a fluorescent dye covalently linked to a macromolecule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photobleaching
<biochemistry> Light induced change in a chromophore, resulting in the loss of its absorption of light of a particular wavelength. A problem in fluorescence microscopy where prolonged illumination leads to progressive fading of the emitted light because less of the exciting wavelength is being absorbed. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

photocatalyst
A substance that helps bring about a light-catalyzed reaction; e.g., chlorophyll. ... Origin: photo-+ G. Katalysis, dissolution (catalysis) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photoceptor
Synonym for photoreceptor ... <cell biology> A specialised cell type in a multicellular organism that is sensitive to light. This definition excludes single celled organisms, but includes noneye receptors, such as snake infra red (heat) detectors or photosensitive pineal gland cells. ... See: retinal rods, retinal cones. ... (31 Dec 1997) ...

photochemotherapy
Therapy using oral or topical photosensitizing agents with subsequent exposure to light. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

photochromic lens
A light-sensitive spectacle lens that reduces light transmission in sunlight and increases transmission in reduced light. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photochromic spectacles
Spectacles with lenses that darken on exposure to ultraviolet light. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photochromogens
Synonym: group I mycobacteria. ... Origin: photo-+ G. Chroma, colour, + -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photocoagulation
<technique> A cancer treatment in which a laser is used to destroy blood vessels entering a tumour in order to deprive the tumour of its nutrients. ... (31 Dec 1997) ...

photocoagulator
The apparatus used in photocoagulation. ... Laser photocoagulator, a high-energy source of electromagnetic radiation. ... See: laser. ... Xenon-arc photocoagulator, a photocoagulator in which a xenon-arc bulb delivers radiation from the visible and near-infrared spectrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photodermatitis
Dermatitis caused or elicited by exposure to sunlight; may be phototoxic or photoallergic, and can result from topical application, ingestion, inhalation, or injection of mediating phototoxic or photoallergic material. ... See: photosensitization. ... Synonym: actinic dermatitis, actinodermatitis. ... Origin: photo-+ G. Derma, skin, + -itis, inflammat …

photodistribution
Areas on the skin that receive the greatest amount of exposure to sunlight, and which are involved in eruptions due to photosensitivity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

photodrome
<physics> An apparatus consisting of a large wheel with spokes, which when turning very rapidly is illuminated by momentary flashes of light passing through slits in a rotating disk. By properly timing the succession of flashes the wheel is made to appear to be motionless, or to rotate more or less slowly in either direction. ... Origin: Photo …

photodromy
<procedure> In the induced or spontaneous clarification of certain suspensions, the settlement of particles on the side nearest the light (positive photodromy) or on the dark side (negative photodromy). ... Origin: photo-+ G. Dromos, a running ... (05 Mar 2000) ...