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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


phytanic acid alpha-oxidase
<enzyme> May be the genetic defect in refsum's disease ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... Synonym: phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

phytanic acid storage disease
A genetic disorder of the fatty acid phytanic acid which accumulates and causes a number of progressive problems including polyneuritis (inflammation of numerous nerves), diminishing vision (due to retinitis pigmentosa), and wobbliness (ataxia) caused by damage to the cerebellar portion of the brain (cerebellar ataxia). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phytanoyl-CoA ligase
<enzyme> An acyl-CoA ligase found in peroxisomes of fibroblasts; it is distinct from palmitoyl-CoA ligase and lignoceroyl-CoA ligase ... Registry number: EC 6.2.1.- ... Synonym: phytanoyl-coenzyme a ligase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

phytanoyl-coenzyme A hydroxylase
<enzyme> Mutations in gene pahx result in refsum disease; amino acid sequence given in second source; genbank af023462-3 ... Registry number: EC 1.14.- ... Synonym: phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase, pahx protein, pahx gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

phytanyl
A branched-chain hydrocarbon containing 20 carbon atoms, commonly found in the lipids of Archaea. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

phytate
A salt or ester of phytic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytic acid
Inositol hexaphosphate, found in plant cells, especially in seeds, where it acts as a storage compound for phosphate groups. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

phytin
The calcium magnesium salt of phytic acid; a dietary supplement used to provide calcium, organic phosphorus, and myo-inositol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phyto-
<prefix> A combining form from Gr. Fyton a plant; as, phytochemistry, phytography. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

phytoagglutinin
A lectin that causes agglutination of erythrocytes or of leukocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytoalexin
<protein> Toxic compounds produced by higher plants in response to attack by pathogens and to other stresses. Sometimes referred to as plant antibiotics, but rather non-specific, having a general fungicidal and bacteriocidal action. ... Very much analogous to an antibody response as production is triggered by elicitors. ... Examples include: pi …

phytobezoar
A gastric concretion formed of vegetable fibres, with the seeds and skins of fruits, and sometimes starch granules and fat globules. ... Synonym: food ball. ... Origin: phyto-+ bezoar ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytochemical
Technically, any chemical produced by a plant, but this term usuallyrefers to certain plant chemicals (such as carotenoids) that researchers believe may impart health benefits such as better protection from cancer. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

phytochrome
Plant pigment protein that absorbs red light and then initiates physiological responses governing light sensitive processes such as germination, growth and flowering. Exists in two forms, Pr and Pfr, that are interconverted by light. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

phytochromobilin synthase
<enzyme> From plants; reduces biliverdin ixa to phytochromobilin; requires ATP and NADPH ... Registry number: EC 1.3.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

phytodermatitis
Dermatitis caused by various mechanisms including mechanical and chemical injury, allergy, or photosensitization (phytophotodermatitis) at skin sites previously exposed to plants. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytoene dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Phytoene is oxidised to phytofluene; has been sequenced; genbank d83514 ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... Synonym: phytoene desaturase, carotenoid desaturase, crti gene product, carc gene product, carb gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

phytoene synthase
<enzyme> Calatyzes the 2-step reaction from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to phytoene via prephytoene pyrophophate ... Registry number: EC 2.5.1.- ... Synonym: pys gene product, crtb protein, crtb gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Phytoflagellata
A subclass of Phytomastigophorea, the members of which have yellow or green chromatophores. ... Origin: phyto-+ L. Flagellum, a whip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytohaemagglutinin
<protein> Sometimes used as synonym for lectins in general, but more usually refers to lectin from seeds of the red kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris. Binds to oligosaccharide containing N acetyl galactosyl residues. Binds to both B and T lymphocytes, but acts as a mitogen only for T-cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

phytohemagglutinin
A phytomitogen from plants that agglutinates red blood cells. The term is commonly used specifically for the lectin obtained from the red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) which is also a mitogen that stimulates T lymphocytes more vigorously than B lymphocytes. ... Synonym: phytolectin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytohemagglutinins
Mucoproteins isolated from the kidney bean (phaseolus vulgaris); some of them are mitogenic to lymphocytes, others agglutinate all or certain types of erythrocytes or lymphocytes. They are used mainly in the study of immune mechanisms and in cell culture. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phytohormone
Synonym for plant growth substances ... <plant biology> Substances that, at low concentration, influence plant growth and differentiation. Formerly referred to as plant hormones or phytohormones, these terms are now suspect because some aspects of the hormone concept, notably action at a distance from the site of synthesis, do not necessarily …

phytol
Long chain fatty alcohol (C20) forming part of chlorophyll, attached to the protoporphyrin ring by an ester linkage. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

phytolectin
Synonym for phytohemagglutinin ... A phytomitogen from plants that agglutinates red blood cells. The term is commonly used specifically for the lectin obtained from the red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) which is also a mitogen that stimulates T lymphocytes more vigorously than B lymphocytes. ... Synonym: phytolectin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Phytomastigina
Former term for plant-like flagellates, originally classified as a suborder or order, raised to the class Phytomastigophorea (Phytomastigophorasida) in recent classifications. ... Origin: phyto-+ G. Mastix, whip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Phytomastigophorasida
Synonym for phytomastigophorea ... A class of protozoa consisting of plantlike flagellates. Its organisms are free-living and have one or two flagella. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phytomastigophorea
A class of protozoa consisting of plantlike flagellates. Its organisms are free-living and have one or two flagella. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phytomenadione
Synonym for phylloquinone ... Vitamin K1 or K1(20); 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; 3-phytylmenaquinone; isolated from alfalfa;also prepared synthetically; major form of vitamin K found in plants. ... Synonym: phytomenadione, phytonadione, vitamin K1, vitamin K1(20). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytomitogen
A mitogenic lectin causing lymphocyte transformation accompanied by mitotic proliferation of the resulting blast cells identical to that produced by antigenic stimulation; e.g., phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytonadione
<chemical> 2-methyl-3-(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecenyl)-1,4-naphthalenedione. A fat-soluble vitamin occurring naturally as the trans-isomer. It is used in the treatment of prothrombinaemias. ... Pharmacological action: antifibrinolytic agent. ... Chemical name: 1,4-Naphthalenedione, 2-methyl-3-(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecenyl)-, (R-(R*, …

phytophlyctodermatitis
Synonym: meadow dermatitis. ... Origin: phyto-+ G. Phlyktaina, blister, + dermatitis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytophotodermatitis
Phytodermatitis resulting from photosensitization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytophthora
A mastigomycotina genus of destructive parasitic fungi affecting numerous fruit, vegetable, and other crops. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

phytoplankton
Small (often microscopic) aquatic plants suspended in water. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

phytopneumoconiosis
A chronic fibrous reaction in the lungs due to the inhalation of dust particles of vegetable origin. ... Origin: phyto-+ pneumoconiosis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytoporphyrin
A porphyrin similar to the pheophorbide of the chlorophylls but with the vinyl group replaced by an ethyl group, with no methoxycarbonyl group, and minus two hydrogen atoms, producing one more double bond in ring D. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytoremediation
The use of plants or algae toclean up polluted water or soil. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

phytosis
A disease process caused by infection with a vegetable organism, such as a fungus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytosphingosine
4D-hydroxysphinganine; 4-hydroxydihydrosphingosine;a sphingosine derivative isolated from various plants. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytosterol
Generic term for the sterols of plants. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytosterolaemia
An inherited disorder in which there is a hyperabsorption of phytosterols and shellfish sterols resulting in tendon and tuberous xanthomata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytotoxic
1. Poisonous to plant life. ... 2. Pertaining to a phytotoxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytotoxicity
Being poisonous to plants. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

phytotoxin
A substance similar in its properties to an extracellular bacterial toxin. ... Synonym: plant toxin. ... Origin: phyto-+ G. Toxikon, poison ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytotrichobezoar
Synonym for trichophytobezoar ... A mixed hair and food ball, consisting of vegetable fibres, seeds and skins of fruits, and animal hair that are matted together to form a ball in the stomach of man or animals, especially ruminants. ... Synonym: phytotrichobezoar. ... Origin: tricho-+ G. Phyton, plant, + bezoar ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytyl
The radical, -CH2-CH==C(CH3)-CH2-[-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-]-3H, found in phylloquinone (vitamin K1); a tetraprenyl radical, reduced in 3 of the 4 prenyl groups. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

phytyl alcohol
Synonym for phytol ... Long chain fatty alcohol (C20) forming part of chlorophyll, attached to the protoporphyrin ring by an ester linkage. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pi
1. 16th Letter of the Greek alphabet. ... 2. (&Pi;). Symbol for osmotic pressure; in mathematics, symbol for the product of a series. ... 3. (&pi;). Symbol for the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter (approximately 3.14159265). ... 4. Symbol for inorganic orthophosphate (should not be used when covalently linked to another m …

pi bond
<chemistry> A bond formed from the overlap of two parallel p-orbitals. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

pi cone monochromatism
Synonym for incomplete achromatopsia ... Impaired, but not absent, colour vision with less severely reduced visual acuity than in complete achromatopsia; inherited as an autosomal recessive or as an X-linked disorder (blue cone monochromism; pi cone monochromatism ). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pi helix
A rare right-handed helix found only in small portions of certain proteins. Stabilised by similar hydrogen bonds as in an a helix; there are 4.3 amino acid residues per turn of the helix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pi protein
<protein> Polypeptide (35 kD) that is required for the initiation of DNA replication in the R6K antibiotic resistance plasmid, of which there are 12-18 copy equivalents in the E. Coli chromosome. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

PI3 kinase
Class IV viruses, with a single positive strand of RNA and an icosahedral capsid. There are two main classes: enteroviruses, which infect the gut and include poliovirus and the rhinoviruses that infect the upper respiratory tract (common cold virus, Coxsackie A and B, Foot and Mouth disease virus and hepatitis A). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pia
Synonym: pia mater. ... Origin: L. Fem. Of pius, tender ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pia-arachnoid
Synonym for leptomeninges ... The two delicate layers of the meninges, the arachnoid mater and pia mater (vs. The tough pachymeninx or dura mater), considered together; by this concept, the arachnoid and pia are two parts of a single layer, much like the parietal and visceral layers of a serous membrane or bursa; although separated by the subarachno …

pial funnel
The pia-lined channel in which each blood vessel entering the brain lies suspended; essentially, the pial funnel's are perivascular extensions of the subarachnoid space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pial-glial membrane
The dual outer lining of the brain and spinal cord, composed of the glial limiting membrane and the pia mater. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pian bois
A form of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis in the Amazon delta; a small proportion of cases are said to metastasize to the nasal mucosa with espundia-like involvement. ... Synonym: bosch yaws, bush yaws, forest yaws. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pianist's cramp
A dystonia that affects the muscles of the hand and sometimes the forearm and only occurs when playing the piano (or another keyboard instrument such as the harpsichord). Similar focal dystonias have also been called writer's cramp, typist's cramp, musician's cramp, and golfer's cramp. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

piano percussion
Synonym for Murphy's percussion ... Examination for dullness by striking the chest wall directly with the fingertips of one hand successively, beginning with the fifth finger. ... Synonym: piano percussion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

piarachnoid
Synonym for leptomeninges ... The two delicate layers of the meninges, the arachnoid mater and pia mater (vs. The tough pachymeninx or dura mater), considered together; by this concept, the arachnoid and pia are two parts of a single layer, much like the parietal and visceral layers of a serous membrane or bursa; although separated by the subarachno …

piblokto
Pibloktog ... A hysterical dissociative state, usually occurring in Eskimo women, in which the individual screams, tears off clothes, and runs out into the snow; afterward, there is no memory of the episode. ... Origin: Native ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pica
1. <zoology> The genus that includes the magpies. ... 2. <medicine> A vitiated appetite that craves what is unfit for food, as chalk, ashes, coal, etc.; chthonophagia. ... 3. A service-book. See Pie. ... 4. A size of type next larger than small pica, and smaller than English. ... This line is printed in pica ... Pica is twice the size of non …

picariae
<ornithology> An extensive division of birds which includes the woodpeckers, toucans, trogons, hornbills, kingfishers, motmots, rollers, and goatsuckers. By some writers it is made to include also the cuckoos, swifts, and humming birds. ... Origin: NL, fr. L. Picus a woodpecker. ... (01 Mar 1998) ...

PICC line
<equipment> A catheter inserted into an arm vein and used for periods of up to three months. This catheter does not need to be surgically implanted and can be inserted at home by a trained nurse. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Picchini
Luigi, late 19th century Italian physician. ... Synonym: Picchini's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Picchini's syndrome
<syndrome> A form of polyserositis involving the three great serosae in contact with the diaphragm, sometimes also the meninges, tunica vaginalis testis, synovial sheaths, and bursae, caused by the presence of a trypanosome. ... Synonym: Picchini. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pichia
Yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family saccharomycetaceae, order endomycetales isolated from exuded tree sap. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pichinde virus
A species of arenavirus, one of the tacaribe complex viruses, causing a fatal infection in the cricetine rodent oryzomys albigularis. Asymptomatic laboratory infection in humans has been reported. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

picibanil
<chemical> A lyophilised preparation of a low-virulence strain (su) of streptococcus pyogenes (s. Haemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent. ... Chemical name: Picibanil
pick
1. To throw; to pitch. 'As high as I could pick my lance.' (Shak) ... 2. To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick, as with a pin. ... 3. To separate or open by means of a sharp point or points; as, to pick matted wool, cotton, oakum, etc. ... 4. To open (a lock) …

pick bodies
A histologic finding in Niemann-Pick disease. Large rounded collections of material (sphingomyelin) are seen within mononuclear cells. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Pick cell
A relatively large, rounded or polygonal, mononuclear cell, with indistinctly or palely staining, foamlike cytoplasm that contains numerous droplets of a phosphatide, sphingomyelin; such cell's are widely distributed in the spleen and other tissues, especially those rich in reticuloendothelial components, in patients with Niemann-Pick disease. ... S …

Pick, Arnold
<person> Czechoslovakian psychiatrist, 1851-1924. ... See: Pick's atrophy, Pick's bundle, Pick's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pick, Friedel
<person> German physician, 1867-1926. ... See: Pick's bodies, Pick's disease, Pick's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pick, Ludwig
<person> German physician, 1868-1935. ... See: Pick cell, Pick's tubular adenoma, Niemann-Pick cell, Niemann-Pick disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pick's atrophy
Circumscribed atrophy of the cerebral cortex. ... Synonym: lobar sclerosis, progressive circumscribed cerebral atrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pick's bodies
Intracytoplasmic argentophilic inclusion body's seen in neurons in Pick's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pick's bundle
A bundle of nerve fibres recurving rostralward from the pyramidal tract in the medulla oblongata, and believed to consist of corticonuclear fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pick's disease
A form of dementia characterised by a slowly progressive deterioration of social skills and changes in personality leading to impairment of intellect, memory, and language. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Pick's syndrome
Synonym for pick's disease ... A form of dementia characterised by a slowly progressive deterioration of social skills and changes in personality leading to impairment of intellect, memory, and language. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Pick's tubular adenoma
Synonym for androblastoma ... A neoplasm of the ovary, arising from the ovarian stroma, mimicking to a greater or lesser extent derivatives of the sex cord mesenchyme of the testis, and sometimes causing defeminization and virilization. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

picked
1. Pointed; sharp. 'Picked and polished.' 'Let the stake be made picked at the top.' (Mortimer) ... 2. <zoology> Having a pike or spine on the back; said of certain fishes. ... 3. Carefully selected; chosen; as, picked men. ... 4. Fine; spruce; smart; precise; dianty. Picked dogfish. ... <zoology> See Dogfish. Picked out, ornamented or reli …

picker's nodules
Lichenified skin nodules seen in prurigo nodularis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pickerel
1. A young or small pike. 'Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a pickerel.' (Chaucer) ... 2. <zoology> Any one of several species of freshwater fishes of the genus Esox, especially. The smaller species. The glasseye, or wall-eyed pike. See Wall-eye. ... The federation, or chain, pickerel (Esox reticulatus) and the brook pickerel (E. American …

picket
1. A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one used in fortification and encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or one used for tethering horses. ... 2. A pointed pale, used in marking fences. ... 3. [Probably so called from the picketing of the horses. ... A detached body of troops serving to guard an army from surprise, and to oppose reconnoiterin …

picking
1. The act of digging or breaking up, as with a pick. ... 2. The act of choosing, plucking, or gathering. ... 3. That which is, or may be, picked or gleaned. ... 4. Pilfering; also, that which is pilfered. ... 5. The pulverized shells of oysters used in making walks. ... 6. <chemical> Rough sorting of ore. ... 7. Overburned bricks. ... Source: Webst …

pickle
1. A solution of salt and water, in which fish, meat, etc, may be preserved or corned; brine. Vinegar, plain or spiced, used for preserving vegetables, fish, eggs, oysters, etc. ... 2. Any article of food which has been preserved in brine or in vinegar. ... 3. A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc, to remove burnt sand, scale rust, etc, from …

pickling
In dentistry, the process of cleansing metallic surfaces of the products of oxidation and other impurities by immersion in acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pickwickian syndrome
<syndrome> The combination of obesity, somnolence, hypoventilation (underbreathing), and plethoric (red) face named after the fat and red-faced boy in a state of somnolency in charles dickens' novel the pickwick papers. (the same boy is thought by some to have had prader-willi syndrome). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Pickworth, F
<person>. ... See: Lepehne-Pickworth stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

picloram
<chemical> A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide. ... Pharmacological action: herbicides. ... Chemical name: 2-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pico-
1. Combining form meaning small. ... 2 (p). Prefix used in the SI and metric systems to signify one-trillionth (10-12). ... Synonym: bicro-. ... Origin: It. Piccolo ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

picobirnavirus
Unclassified, bisegmented, double-stranded RNA virus isolated from the feces of humans and other animals. Some reports associate it with gastroenteritis in humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

picogram
One-trillionth of a gram. ... Abbreviation: pg ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

picokatal
One trillionth of a katal (10-12 katal). ... Abbreviation: pkat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

picolinate methyltransferase
<enzyme> Methylates picolinic acid with s-adenosyl-l-methionine; mw 70.8 kD ... Registry number: EC 2.1.1.- ... Synonym: s-adenosyl-methionine picolinic acid-n-methyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

picolines
A group of compounds that are monomethyl derivatives of pyridines. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

picolinic acid
Pyridine-4-carboxylic acid;an isomer of nicotinic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...