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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

pituitary adamantinoma
Synonym for craniopharyngioma ... <oncology, tumour> A form of primary brain tumour which develops in the pituitary gland. ... These tumours often secrete increased quantities of pituitary hormones (for example growth hormone) which can result in conditions such as gigantism and acromegaly. They are often benign and rare and comprise less than …

pituitary adenoma
<radiology> Benign, slow-growing, arises from adenohypophysis (anterior lobe), 5-18% of all intracranial neoplasms plain film (unreliable): enlargement of sella and sloping of the sella floor, erosion of the anterior and posterior clinoid, erosion of the dorsum sellae, calcified in less than10%, may present as a mass in the nasopharynx functi …

pituitary ameloblastoma
Synonym for craniopharyngioma ... <oncology, tumour> A form of primary brain tumour which develops in the pituitary gland. ... These tumours often secrete increased quantities of pituitary hormones (for example growth hormone) which can result in conditions such as gigantism and acromegaly. They are often benign and rare and comprise less than …

pituitary apoplexy
Sudden haemorrhage into or ischemic necrosis of a normal or adenomatous pituitary gland. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pituitary cachexia
Synonym for Simmonds' disease ... Anterior pituitary insufficiency due to trauma, vascular lesions, or tumours; usually developing postpartum as a result of pituitary necrosis caused by ischemia during a hypotensive episode during delivery; characterised clinically by asthenia, loss of weight and body hair, arterial hypotension, and manifestations o …

pituitary diverticulum
A tubular outgrowth of ectoderm from the stomodeum of the embryo; it grows dorsad toward the infundibular process of the diencephalon, around which it forms a cup-like mass, giving rise to the pars distalis and pars juxtaneuralis of the hypophysis. ... Synonym: craniopharyngeal canal, hypophyseal pouch, Rathke's diverticulum, Rathke's pocket, Rathke …

pituitary dwarf
Synonym for hypophysial dwarf ... Dwarfism as result of failure of growth hormone production because of hypothalamic or pituitary abnormality. ... Synonym: pituitary dwarf. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pituitary dwarfism
Short stature due to underpreformance of the pituitary gland (specifically of the anterior pituitary). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pituitary fossa
Synonym for hypophysial fossa ... Fossa of the sphenoid bone housing the pituitary gland. ... See: sella turcica. ... Synonym: fossa hypophysialis, pituitary fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pituitary gigantism
Excessive growth due to overactivity of the pituitary gland (specifically of the anterior pituitary). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pituitary gland
A small oval shaped endocrine gland situated at the base of the brain in the fossa (depression) of the sphenoid bone. The overall role is to regulate growth and metabolism. The gland is divided into the posterior and anterior pituitary, each responsible for the production of its own unique hormones. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

pituitary gland, anterior
The glandular or anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pituitary gland, posterior
The neural or post-neural lobe of the pituitary gland. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pituitary gonadotropic hormone
Synonym for anterior pituitary gonadotropin ... Any gonadotropin of hypophysial origin; formerly used to designate a single hormone, because it was thought that the anterior hypophysis secreted only one gonadotropin. ... Synonym: pituitary gonadotropic hormone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pituitary gonadotropins
gonadoprophins ...

pituitary growth hormone
Synonym for somatotropin ... <protein> Hormone (191 amino acids) released by anterior pituitary that stimulates release of somatomedin, thereby causing growth. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pituitary hormones
Hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland and the pars intermedia, an ill-defined region between the two. Their secretion is regulated by the hypothalamus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pituitary hormones, anterior
Protein, glycoprotein, or polypeptide hormones secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pituitary hormones, posterior
Hormones released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary, including vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin. They are formed in the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in nerve cell endings in the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pituitary infantilism
Synonym for pituitary dwarfism ... Short stature due to underpreformance of the pituitary gland (specifically of the anterior pituitary). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pituitary membrane
Synonym for nasal mucosa ... The mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pituitary myxoedema
Myxoedema resulting from inadequate secretion of the thyrotropic hormone; commonly occurs in association with inadequate secretion of other anterior pituitary hormones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pituitary stalk section
Transection of the neurovascular connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pituitary-adrenal system
The interactions between the anterior pituitary and adrenal glands, in which corticotropin (acth) stimulates the adrenal cortex and adrenal cortical hormones suppress the production of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pityriasic
Relating to or suffering from pityriasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pityriasis
<dermatology> A name originally applied to a group of skin diseases characterised by the formation of fine, branny scales, but now used only with a modifier. ... Origin: Gr. Pityron = bran ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pityriasis amiantacea
Synonym for tinea amiantacea ... An inflammatory condition of the scalp in which heavy scales extend onto the hairs and bind the proximal portions together; it is not caused by a fungus. ... Synonym: pityriasis amiantacea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pityriasis capitis
Synonym for dandruff ... <dermatology> Dried skin that flakes free from the scalp. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

pityriasis circinata
Synonym for pityriasis rosea ... A mild exanthematous inflammation of unknown aetiology. It is characterised by the presence of salmon-coloured maculopapular lesions. The most striking feature is the arrangement of the lesions such that the long axis is parallel to the lines of cleavage. The eruptions are usually generalised, affecting chiefly the t …

pityriasis lichenoides
A subgroup of parapsoriasis itself divided into acute and chronic forms. The acute form is characterised by the abrupt onset of a generalised, reddish-brown, maculopapular eruption. Lesions may be vesicular, haemorrhagic, crusted, or necrotic. Histologically the disease is characterised by epidermal necrolysis. The chronic form shows milder skin ch …

pityriasis lichenoides chronica
An eruption lasting up to a few years, of reddish-brown papules with central scaling, that clears without scarring. ... Origin: Lichenoides Mod. L., fr. G. Leichen, lichen, a lichen-like eruption, + eidos, resemblance chronica Mod. L. Chronic, fr. G. Chronikos, pertaining to time; fr. Chronos, time ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pityriasis linguae
Synonym for geographic tongue ... <clinical sign> A benign condition where there is a map-like appearance to the tongue resulting from irregular denuded patches in the surface (loss of tongue papillae). ... Likely secondary to local irritation from hot or spicy foods, alcohol or tobacco. There are no significant complications. ... (27 Sep 1997)< …

pityriasis maculata
Synonym for pityriasis rosea ... A mild exanthematous inflammation of unknown aetiology. It is characterised by the presence of salmon-coloured maculopapular lesions. The most striking feature is the arrangement of the lesions such that the long axis is parallel to the lines of cleavage. The eruptions are usually generalised, affecting chiefly the t …

pityriasis nigra
Synonym for tinea nigra ... A fungus infection due to Exophiala werneckii, marked by dark lesions giving a spattered appearance and occurring most commonly on the palms of the hands. ... Synonym: pityriasis nigra. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pityriasis rosea
A mild exanthematous inflammation of unknown aetiology. It is characterised by the presence of salmon-coloured maculopapular lesions. The most striking feature is the arrangement of the lesions such that the long axis is parallel to the lines of cleavage. The eruptions are usually generalised, affecting chiefly the trunk, and the course is often se …

pityriasis rubra
Synonym for exfoliative dermatitis ... Generalised exfoliation with scaling of the skin and usually with erythema (erythroderma); may be a drug reaction or associated with various benign dermatoses, lupus erythematosus, lymphomas, or of undetermined cause. ... Synonym: dermatitis exfoliativa, pityriasis rubra, Wilson's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pityriasis rubra pilaris
A chronic skin disease characterised by small follicular papules, disseminated reddish-brown scaly patches, and often, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. The papules are about the size of a pin and topped by a horny plug. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pityriasis sicca
Synonym for dandruff ... <dermatology> Dried skin that flakes free from the scalp. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

pityriasis versicolor
Synonym for tinea versicolor ... A common chronic, noninflammatory and usually symptomless disorder, characterised by the occurrence of multiple macular patches of all sizes and shapes, and varying in pigmentation from fawn-coloured to brown. It is seen most frequently in hot, humid, tropical regions, and is caused by pityrosporon orbiculare. ... (12 …

pityroid
Synonym: furfuraceous. ... Origin: G. Pityrodes, branlike, fr. Pityron, bran, + eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pityrosporum
A genus of nonpathogenic fungi found in dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. ... Origin: G. Pityron, bran, + sporos, seed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pityrosporum orbiculare
Synonym for Malassezia furfur ... A fungus species which causes tinea versicolor and which may cause folliculitis. ... Synonym: Pityrosporum orbiculare. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Pityrosporum ovale
Synonym for Malassezia ovalis ... A species of yeast found in superficial epidermal scales and hair follicles on oily skin, of borderline pathogenicity; may cause seborrheic dermatitis associated with immune deficiency. ... Synonym: Pityrosporum ovale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pivalate
USAN-approved contraction for trimethylacetate, (CH3)3C-CO2-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pivampicillin
<chemical> 6-((aminophenylacetyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1- azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid (2,2-dimethyl- 1-oxopropoxy)methyl ester. Pivalate ester analog of ampicillin. ... Pharmacological action: penicillins. ... Chemical name: 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-((aminophenylacetyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl- …

pivot
1. A fixed pin or short axis, on the end of which a wheel or other body turns. ... 2. The end of a shaft or arbor which rests and turns in a support; as, the pivot of an arbor in a watch. ... 3. Hence, figuratively: A turning point or condition; that on which important results depend; as, the pivot of an enterprise. ... 4. The officer or soldier who s …

pivot joint
A synovial joint in which a section of a cylinder of one bone fits into a corresponding cavity on the other, as in the proximal radioulnar joint. ... Synonym: articulatio trochoidea, helicoid ginglymus, lateral ginglymus, rotary joint, rotatory joint, trochoid articulation, trochoid joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pivot shift test
A manoeuvre to detect a deficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee; when the knee is extended, a sudden subluxation of the lateral tibial condyle upon the distal femur is positive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pix
Synonym: pitch. ... Origin: L ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pixel
<microscopy> Picture element (pix for picture, el for element). A single, finite-sized element of a digitised video picture. A pixel is defined by its X and Y coordinates and its gray level (luminance), commonly expressed by binary numbers ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

pixie
Origin: For Pucksy, from Puck. ... 1. An old English name for a fairy; an elf. ... Alternative forms: picksy. ... 2. <botany> A low creeping evergreen plant (Pyxidanthera barbulata), with mosslike leaves and little white blossoms, found in new Jersey and southward, where it flowers in earliest spring. Pixy ring, a fairy ring or circle. ... <bo …

pizotyline
<chemical> Serotonin antagonist used against migraine and vascular headaches. ... Pharmacological action: analgesics, non-narcotic, antidepressive agents, serotonin antagonists. ... Chemical name: Piperidine, 4-(9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo(4,5)cyclohepta(1,2-b)thien-4-ylidene)-1-methyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pizzle rot
ulcerative posthitis ...

PK
<abbreviation> Pyruvate kinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pK2
The negative logarithm of the ionization constant (Ka) of an acid; the pH at which equal concentrations of the acid and conjugate base forms of a substance (often a buffer) are present. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

PK40(erk) protein kinase
<enzyme> A member of the erk family of serine/threonine-proline kinases; hyperphosphorylates tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles of alzheimer's disease subsequent to phosphorylation by camp-dependent protein kinase a; has been sequenced ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: pk40(erk2), erk2 brain kinase pk40 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

pkat
<abbreviation> Picokatal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

PKN protein kinase
<enzyme> Catalytic domain homologous to protein kinase c; genbank d26181 (human) and genbank d26180 (rat); do not confuse with protein kinase n ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

PKU
Synonym for phenylketonuria ... <disease> Congenital absence of phenylalanine hydroxylase (an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine). Phenylalanine accumulates in blood and seriously impairs early neuronal development. The defect can be controlled by diet and is not serious if treated in this way. ... Incidence: highest in Caucasians …

pkV
<abbreviation> Peak kilovoltage, the nominal voltage setting of an X-ray machine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

PL
<abbreviation> Placental lactogen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

PL7a receptor-tyrosine kinase
<enzyme> A member of the eph receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily; shows 80% identity with myk-1; genbank l43622 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: pl7a protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

pla
An application to the FDA for approval to market a biologic in the U.S. The FDA determines if a protein pharmaceutical is considered a biologic or a drug, and whether a PLA or an NDA, respectively, should be filed to obtain marketing approval. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

Pla protease
<enzyme> Surface protease from a plasmid of yersinia pestis with plasminogen activator and coagulase activities; required for high virulence ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... Synonym: pla gene product, pla protein, yersinia pestis ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

placard
1. A public proclamation; a manifesto or edict issued by authority. 'All placards or edicts are published in his name.' (Howell) ... 2. Permission given by authority; a license; as, to give a placard to do something. ... 3. A written or printed paper, as an advertisement or a declaration, posted, or to be posted, in a public place; a poster. ... 4. An …

place
1. To assign a place to; to put in a particular spot or place, or in a certain relative position; to direct to a particular place; to fix; to settle; to locate; as, to place a book on a shelf; to place balls in tennis. 'Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown.' (Shak) ... 2. To put or set in a particular rank, office, or position; to surround wit …

place theory
A theory of pitch perception which states that the perception of the pitch of a sound depends upon the level or region of the basilar membrane of the cochlea which is set into vibration by the sound waves. ... See: resonance theory of hearing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placebo
<pharmacology> Any dummy medical treatment, originally, a medicinal preparation having no specific pharmacological activity against the patients illness or complaint given solely for the psychophysiological effects of the treatment, more recently, a dummy treatment administered to the control group in a controlled clinical trial in order that …

placebo effect
An effect usually, but not necessarily, beneficial that is attributable to an expectation that the regimen will have an effect, i.e., the effect is due to the power of suggestion. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

placebos
Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the …

placenta
<anatomy, obstetrics> An organ characteristic of true mammals during pregnancy, joining mother and offspring, providing endocrine secretion and selective exchange of soluble, but not particulate, blood borne substances through an apposition of uterine and trophoblastic vascularised parts. According to species, the area of vascular apposition …

placenta accreta
Abnormal adherence of part or all of the placenta to the uterine wall, with partial or complete absence of the decidua basalis, especially of the spongiosum layer. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

placenta accreta vera
The term applied when villi are juxtaposed to the myometrium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta biloba
A placenta duplex in which the two parts are separated by a constriction. ... Synonym: placenta bipartita. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta bipartita
Synonym for placenta biloba ... A placenta duplex in which the two parts are separated by a constriction. ... Synonym: placenta bipartita. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta circumvallata
A cup-shaped placenta with raised edges, having a thick, round, white, opaque ring around its periphery; a portion of the decidua separates the margin of the placenta from its chorionic plate; the remainder of the chorionic surface is normal in appearance, but the foetal vessels are limited in their course across the placenta by the ring. ... See: p …

placenta diffusa
Synonym for placenta membranacea ... An abnormally thin placenta covering an unusually large area of the uterine lining. ... Synonym: placenta diffusa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta dimidiata
Synonym for placenta duplex ... A placenta consisting of two parts, almost entirely detached, being united only at the point of attachment of the cord. ... See: placenta biloba. ... Synonym: placenta dimidiata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta duplex
A placenta consisting of two parts, almost entirely detached, being united only at the point of attachment of the cord. ... See: placenta biloba. ... Synonym: placenta dimidiata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta extrachorales
A placenta in which the chorionic plate is limited by a thin membranous fold at the edge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta fenestrata
A placenta in which there are areas of thinning, sometimes extending to entire absence of placental tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta gonadotropin
Synonym for chorionic gonadotropin ... A glycoprotein with a carbohydrate fraction composed of d-galactose and hexosamine, extracted from the urine of pregnant women and produced by the placental trophoblastic cells; its most important role appears to be stimulation, during the first trimester, of ovarian secretion of the oestrogen and progesterone …

placenta increta
A form of placenta accreta in which the chorionic villi invade the myometrium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta marginata
A placenta with raised edges, less pronounced than the placenta circumvallata. ... See: placenta reflexa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta membranacea
An abnormally thin placenta covering an unusually large area of the uterine lining. ... Synonym: placenta diffusa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta multiloba
A placenta having more than three lobes separated from each other by simple constrictions, the foetus being single. ... Synonym: placenta multipartita. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta multipartita
Synonym for placenta multiloba ... A placenta having more than three lobes separated from each other by simple constrictions, the foetus being single. ... Synonym: placenta multipartita. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta panduraformis
A form of placenta dimidiata with the two halves placed side by side in a shape suggestive of a lutelike musical instrument (pandura). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta percreta
The placenta invades the uterine wall. In placenta percreta, the chorionic villi (the vascular processes of the chorion, a foetal membrane that enters into the formation of the placenta) may invade the full thickness of the myometrium (the muscular portion of the uterus) causing an incomplete rupture of the uterus. Or the chorionic villi can go rig …

placenta praevia
A placenta implanted near the outlet of the uterus so that at the time of delivery the placenta would precede (be previous to) the baby. Causes painless bleeding in the last third of pregancy. One reason for a c-section. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

placenta previa
<obstetrics> The anatomic positioning of the placenta over the cervical os (opening to the birth canal). This is an important cause of painless third trimester bleeding in the pregnant female. Many cases of placenta previa will require cesarean section delivery. ... (31 Dec 1997) ...

placenta previa centralis
Placenta previa in which the placenta entirely covers the internal os of the cervix. ... Synonym: central placenta previa, total placenta previa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta previa marginalis
Placenta previa in which the placenta comes to the margin of, but does not occlude, the internal os of the cervix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta previa partialis
Placenta previa in which the internal os of the cervix is partially covered by placental tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta protein
human placental lactogen ...

placenta reflexa
An anomaly of the placenta in which the margin is thickened so as to appear turned back upon itself. ... See: placenta circumvallata, placenta marginata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta reniformis
A kidney-shaped placenta. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta spuria
A mass of placental tissue which has no vascular connection with the main placenta. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta triloba
Synonym for placenta tripartita ... A placenta consisting of three parts almost entirely separate, being joined together only by the blood vessels of the umbilical cord; the foetus is single. ... Synonym: placenta triloba, placenta triplex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

placenta tripartita
A placenta consisting of three parts almost entirely separate, being joined together only by the blood vessels of the umbilical cord; the foetus is single. ... Synonym: placenta triloba, placenta triplex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...