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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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planuria1. Extravasation of urine. ... 2. The voiding of urine from an abnormal opening. ... Origin: G. Planos, wandering, + ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plaque<dentistry> Dental plaque is a combination of food (left in the mouth after eating), bacteria (which live in the mouth) and bacterial byproducts (acidic wastes). These acidic wastes can break down the tooth enamel leading to tooth decay. ... Plaque also irritates the gum tissue (see gingivitis) and eventually destroys periodontal tissue, promo …
plaque and tartar cause(12 Dec 1998) ...
plaque assay1. <investigation> Assay for virus in which a dilute solution of the virus is applied to a culture dish containing a layer of the host cells, convective spread is prevented by making the medium very viscous. After incubation the plaques, areas in which cells have been killed (or transformed), can be recognised and the number of infective viru …
Plaque IndexAn index for estimating the status of oral hygiene by measuring dental plaque which occurs in the areas adjacent to the gingival margin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plaque-forming unit<virology> Number of infectious virus particles or Ig producing cells per unit volume. ... See: plaque assay. ... <microbiology> Refers to any entity which can give rise to a plaque. For example: if a phage stock solution has 1010 pfu/ml, it means that every ml of this stock has 1010 phage particles which can form plaques. This (pfu/ml) i …
plasma<haematology> Acellular fluid in which blood cells are suspended. Serum obtained by defibrinating plasma (plasma derived serum) lacks platelet released factors and is less suitable to support the growth of cells in culture. ... (13 Oct 1997) ...
plasma accelerator globulinSynonym for factor v ... <chemical> Heat- and storage-labile plasma glycoprotein which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in blood coagulation. Factor v accomplishes this by forming a complex with factor xa, phospholipid, and calcium (prothrombinase complex). Deficiency of factor v leads to owren's disease. ... Chemical name: …
plasma albuminSynonym for serum albumin ... <protein> The serum level of the low molecular protein albumin. Albumin, produced by the liver, plays an important role in maintaining plasma oncotic pressure. Normal serum albumin should be 3.5-5.0 grams per decilitre. Low serum albumin can be found in cases of liver disease and malnutrition. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
plasma cell<haematology> A terminally differentiated antibody forming and usually antibody secreting, cell of the B-cell lineage. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
plasma cell balanitisBenign circumscribed balanitis characterised microscopically by subepithelial plasma cell infiltration and clinically by small erythematous papular lesions. ... Synonym: balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis, balanitis of Zoon, Zoon's erythroplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasma cell dyscrasiaA diverse group of diseases characterised by the proliferation of a single clone of cells producing a monoclonal immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin fragment (a serum M component). The cells usually have plasma cell morphology, but may have lymphocytic or lymphoplasmacytic morphology. This group includes multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinae …
plasma cell gingivitisIntense hyperaemic oedema and inflammation of the gingiva resulting from a hypersensitivity reaction. A dense plasma cell infiltrate is seen in the lamina propria. ... Synonym: atypical gingivitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasma cell hepatitisSynonym for lupoid hepatitis ... <pathology> A type of chronic active hepatitis that results from circulating auto-antibodies and chronic inflammation of the liver. ... Symptoms are those of chronic active hepatitis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
plasma cell leukaemiaAn unusual disease characterised by leukocytosis and other signs and symptoms that are suggestive of leukaemia, in association with diffuse infiltrations and aggregates of plasma cells in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, and the presence of considerable numbers of plasma cells in the circulating blood; the total number of leukocytes …
plasma cell mastitisA condition of the breasts characterised by tumourlike indurated masses containing numerous plasma cells, usually resulting from mammary duct ectasia; although clinically resembling malignant disease (attachment to skin and enlargement of axillary lymph nodes), it is not neoplastic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasma cell myelomaCells resemble mature or immature plasma cells with nuclei that appear cleaved or resemble immunoblasts. The tumour cells are CD19- , CD20- , CD22- and SIg- , but are also cIg+ and CD38+. The Ig heavy and light chain genes can be translocated or deleted. These neoplasms are often disseminated BM tumours of adults and progress to multiple myeloma.
plasma cells
Special white blood cells that produce antibodies. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
plasma containment
<physics> In physics experiments or nuclear fusion experiments, operation is intended to prevent, in an effective and sufficiently prolonged manner, the particles of a plasma from striking the walls of the container in which this plasma is produced. ... Plasma confinement is a fundamental requirement for obtaining net energy from a fusion plas …
plasma exchange
Removal of plasma and replacement with various fluids, e.g., fresh frozen plasma, plasma protein fractions (ppf), albumin preparations, dextran solutions, saline. Used in treatment of autoimmune diseases, immune complex diseases, diseases of excess plasma factors, and other conditions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
plasma expander
Artificial plasma extender. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
plasma factor X
Synonym for factor ix ... <chemical> Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway. Its activated form, ixa, forms a complex with factor viii and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor x to xa. Deficiency of factor ix results in christmas disease (haemophilia b). ... Chemical name: Blood-coagulation factor IX< …
plasma fibronectin
A circulating a2-glycoprotein that functions as an opsonin, mediating reticuloendothelial and macrophage clearance of fibrin microaggregates, collagen debris, and bacterial particulates, protecting microvascular perfusion and lymphatic drainage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasma focus
<radiobiology> The Plasma Focus is another device which depends on the pinch effect. Possible applications include both fusion and plasma propulsion, as well as other plasma research. ... In essence the plasma focus is generated by discharge of a current across the ends of two coaxial insulated conducting pipes. The Plasma Focus caused a huge …
plasma frequency
<radiobiology> The natural collective oscillation frequency of a charge species (electrons, ions, etc.) in a plasma, in the absence of (or at least parallel to) a magnetic field. Also known as Langmuir or Langmuir-Tonks frequency. ... See: electrostatic waves, plasma oscillations. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
plasma hydrolysate
An artificial digest of protein derived from bovine blood plasma prepared by a method of hydrolysis sufficient to provide more than half of the total nitrogen present in the form of alpha-amino nitrogen; used when high protein intake is indicated and cannot be accomplished through ordinary foods. ... See: protein hydrolysate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasma kallikrein
<protein> A plasma serine protease with an apple domain. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
plasma labile factor
Synonym for factor v ... <chemical> Heat- and storage-labile plasma glycoprotein which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in blood coagulation. Factor v accomplishes this by forming a complex with factor xa, phospholipid, and calcium (prothrombinase complex). Deficiency of factor v leads to owren's disease. ... Chemical name: …
plasma layer
Synonym for still layer ... The layer of the bloodstream in the capillary vessels, next to the wall of the vessel, that flows slowly and transports the white blood cells along the layer wall, while in the centre the flow is rapid and transports the red blood cells. ... Synonym: plasma layer, Poiseuille's space, sluggish layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasma marinum
Sea water diluted to make it isotonic with plasma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasma membrane
<cell biology> The external, limiting lipid bilayer membrane of cells. ... (31 Dec 1997) ...
plasma oscillations
<radiobiology> Class of electrostatic oscillations which occur at/near the plasma frequency and involve oscillations in the plasma charge density. Also known as Langmuir Oscillations, In Stix's _Waves in Plasmas_ these are called Langmuir-Tonks Plasma Oscillations. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
plasma protein
<haematology> One of the hundreds of different proteins present in blood plasma, including carrier proteins (such albumin, transferrin and haptoglobin), fibrinogen and other coagulation factors, complement components, immunoglobulins, enzyme inhibitors, precursors of substances such as angiotension and bradykinin and many other types of prote …
plasma proteins
Dissolved protein's (more than 100) of blood plasma, mainly albumins and globulins (normally 6 to 8 g/100 ml); they hold fluid in blood vessels by osmosis and include antibodies and blood-clotting protein's. ... Synonym: serum proteins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasma renin activity
The estimation of renin in plasma by measuring the rate of formation of angiotensin I or II. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasma scalpel
A scalpel that uses a fine high-temperature gas jet, instead of a blade, for cutting. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasma stain
<technique> Plasmatic stainplasmic stain, a stain whose principal affinity is for the cytoplasm of cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasma substitute
A solution of a substance (e.g., dextran) used for transfusion in haemorrhage or shock as a substitute for plasma. ... Synonym: plasma expander. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasma substitutes
Any liquid used to replace blood plasma, usually a saline solution, often with serum albumins, dextrans or other preparations. These substances do not enhance the oxygen- carrying capacity of blood, but merely replace the volume. They are also used to treat dehydration. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
plasma therapy
Treatment with plasma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasma thromboplastin antecedent
Synonym for factor xi ... <chemical> Stable blood coagulation factor involved in the intrinsic pathway. The activated form xia activates factor ix to ixa. Deficiency of factor xi is often called haemophilia c. ... Chemical name: Blood-coagulation factor XI ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
plasma thromboplastin component
Synonym for factor ix ... <chemical> Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway. Its activated form, ixa, forms a complex with factor viii and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor x to xa. Deficiency of factor ix results in christmas disease (haemophilia b). ... Chemical name: Blood-coagulation factor IX< …
plasma thromboplastin factor
Synonym for factor viii ... A coagulation (clotting) factor. Classic haemophilia (haemophilia A) is due to a congenital deficiency in the amount (or activity) of factor VIII. Factor VIII is also known as antihemophiliac factor (AHF) or antihemophiliac globulin (AHG). The gene for factor VIII (that for classic haemophilia) is on the X chromosome so f …
plasma thromboplastin factor B
Synonym for factor ix ... <chemical> Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway. Its activated form, ixa, forms a complex with factor viii and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor x to xa. Deficiency of factor ix results in christmas disease (haemophilia b). ... Chemical name: Blood-coagulation factor IX< …
plasma volume
Volume of plasma in the circulation. It is usually measured by indicator dilution techniques. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
plasma wave
<physics> A disturbance of a plasma away from equilibrium, involving oscillations of the plasma's constituent particles and of an electromagnetic field. Plasma waves can propagate from one point in the plasma to another without net motion of the plasma. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
plasmablast
Precursor of the plasma cell. ... Synonym: plasmacytoblast. ... Origin: plasma + G. Blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmacrit
A measure of the percentage of the volume of blood occupied by plasma, in contrast to a haematocrit. ... Origin: plasma + G. Krino, to separate ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmacrit test
A serologic screening method used as an aid in the diagnosis of syphilis; after only a few drops of heparinised blood (obtained from a pricked finger) are collected in a special capillary tube, the capillary tube is centrifugated in order to collect plasma, which is then mixed with a 0.01-ml drop of antigen (cardiolipin previously treated with chol …
plasmacyte
<haematology> A type of non-granular, basophilic leukocyte that produces antibodies. ... (13 Oct 1997) ...
plasmacytoblast
Synonym for plasmablast ... Precursor of the plasma cell. ... Synonym: plasmacytoblast. ... Origin: plasma + G. Blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmacytoma
<oncology, tumour> Malignant tumour of plasma cells, very similar to a myeloma (plasmacytomas usually develop into multiple myeloma). ... Can easily be induced in rodents by the injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. Plasmacytoma cells are fused with primed lymphocytes in the production of monoclonal antibodies. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
plasmacytoma of bone
Which is usually a solitary lesion and not associated with the occurrence of Bence Jones protein or other disturbances in the metabolism of protein (as observed in multiple myeloma). Some observers emphasize that the solitary lesion probably represents an early phase of classic multiple myeloma, or an example of the latter in which only one focus i …
plasmacytosis
1. Presence of plasma cells in the circulating blood. ... 2. Presence of unusually large proportions of plasma cells in the tissues or exudates. ... Origin: plasmacyte + G. -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmagene
<molecular biology> Any self-replicating gene foundin the cytoplasm of a cell, outside the nucleus. This includes the DNA found in mitochondria. ... (31 Dec 1997) ...
plasmakinase
<enzyme> Obtained from the blood plasma of sudden death victims ... Pharmacological action: fibrinolytic agents ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
plasmakinins
A group of highly active oligopeptides found in sera that act upon smooth muscle of blood vessels, uterus, bronchi, etc.; e.g., bradykinin, kallidin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmal reaction
<chemistry> Long chain aliphatic aldehydes occurring in plasmalogens react with Schiff's reagent in the so called plasmal reaction, to form for example palmitaldehyde, stearaldehyde. ... (31 Dec 1997) ...
plasmalemma
<cell biology> Archaic name for the plasma membrane of a cell (the term often included the cortical cytoplasmic region). Adjectival derivative (plasmalemmal) still current. ... (31 Dec 1997) ...
plasmalogen
<biochemistry> A group of glycerol based phospholipids in which the aliphatic side chains are not attached by ester linkages. Widespread distribution, found mainly in brain and spinal cord tissue. Less easily studied than the acyl phospholipids. ... (13 Oct 1997) ...
plasmalogenase
<enzyme> Liberates free aldehyde plus glycerophosphoethanolamine from lysoplasmalogen (1-alk-1'-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine ... Chemical name: 1-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine aldehydohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.3.2.- ... Synonym: lysoplasmalogenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
plasmalogens
Generic term for glycerophospholipids in which the glycerol moiety bears a 1-alkenyl ether group (on rarer occasions, a 1-alkyl ether group); e.g., alk-1-enylglycerophospholipid; plasmalogens synthesis is reduced in disorders of the peroxisome. ... Synonym: phosphoglyceracetals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmals
Long-chain aldehydes occurring in plasmalogens; e.g., stearaldehyde, palmitaldehyde. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmanylethanolamine desaturase
<enzyme> Converts 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine to alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-gpe (plasmenylethanolamine); requires cytochrome b5, molecular oxygen and either NADPH or NADH ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.19 ... Synonym: alkylacylglycerophosphoethanolamine desaturase, plasmanylethanolamine delta-1-desaturase, alkylacyl-gpe desaturase, …
plasmapheresis
<procedure> Centrifuging blood that has been removed from the body to separate the cellular elements from the plasma. ... (31 Dec 1997) ...
plasmapheretic
Relating to plasmapheresis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmat-
See: plasma-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmatic
Relating to plasma. ... Synonym: plasmic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmatic compartment
Compartment surrounded by a double biomembrane and containing polynucleotides (e.g., mitochondria). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmatogamy
Synonym for plasmogamy ... Union of two or more cells with preservation of the individual nuclei; formation of a plasmodium. ... Synonym: plasmatogamy, plastogamy. ... Origin: plasmo-+ G. Gamos, marriage ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmenic acid
Proposed name for phosphatidates such as alk-1-enylglycerol (lipid). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmic
Synonym for plasmatic ... Relating to plasma. ... Synonym: plasmic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmid
<molecular biology> A small, independently replicating, piece of extrachromosomal cytoplasmic DNA that can be transferred from one organism to another. Linear or circular DNA molecules found in both pro and eukaryotes capable of autonomous replication. ... Stringent plasmids occur at low copy number in cells, relaxed plasmids at high copy numb …
plasmids
Any extrachromosomal hereditary determinant. Plasmids are self-replicating circular molecules of DNA that are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
plasmin
<enzyme> Trypsin like serine protease that is responsible for digesting fibrin in blood clots. Generated from plasminogen by the action of another protease, plasminogen activator. ... The enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of peptide bonds at the carbonyl end of lysine or arginine residues. It also acts on activated Hagemann factor and on complem …
plasminogen
<enzyme> The inactive precursor of plasmin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
plasminogen activator
<enzyme> Serine protease that acts on plasminogen to generate plasmin. Has also been implicated in invasiveness and is produced by many normal and invasive cells. The vascular form (tPA, 55 kD) is very similar to tissue plasminogen activator (uPA, 70 kD) and to streptokinase and urokinase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
<chemical> A member of the serpin family of proteins. It inhibits both the tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. ... Pharmacological action: serine proteinase inhibitors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
plasminogen activator inhibitor 2
<chemical> Member of the serpin family of proteins. It inhibits both the tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. ... Pharmacological action: serine proteinase inhibitors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
plasminogen inactivators
<chemical> Important modulators of the activity of plasminogen activator. Four inhibitors, all belonging to the serpin family of proteins, have been implicated in plasminogen activation inhibition. They are pai-1, pai-2, protease-nexin, and protein c inhibitor (pai-3). All inhibit both the tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. …
plasminokinase
Synonym for streptokinase ... <enzyme> Plasminogen activator released by Streptococcus pyogenes. Occurs in two forms, A and B. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
plasminoplastin
Term proposed for activator agents that produce plasmin by direct action on plasminogen; e.g., staphylokinase, plasminogen activator. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmo-
Formative, organised; plasma. ... Origin: G. Plasma, something formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmocoagulase
<chemical> From staphylococcus; russian drug ... Synonym: peptocoagulase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
plasmocytic leukemoid reaction
The presence of unusual numbers of plasma cells, i.e., plasmocytosis, in the bone marrow; may be observed in association with sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cirrhosis, Hodgkin's disease, and certain of the so-called collagen diseases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmodesma
<cell biology, plant biology> Narrow tube of cytoplasm penetrating the plant cell wall, linking the protoplasts of two adjacent cells. A desmotubule runs down the centre of the tube, which is lined by plasma membrane. ... (14 Oct 1997) ...
plasmodia
Plural of plasmodium. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmodial trophoblast
Synonym for syncytiotrophoblast ... The syncytial outer layer of the trophoblast; site of synthesis of human chorionic gonadotropin. ... See: trophoblast. ... Synonym: placental plasmodium, plasmodial trophoblast, plasmodiotrophoblast, syncytial trophoblast, syntrophoblast. ... Origin: syncytium + trophoblast ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmodiotrophoblast
Synonym: syncytiotrophoblast. ... Origin: plasmodium + G. Trophe, nourishment, + blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmodium
<plant biology> Multinucleate mass of protoplasm bounded only by a plasma membrane, the main vegetative form of acellular slime moulds (e.g. Physarum). ... (31 Dec 1997) ...
Plasmodium aethiopicum
Synonym for plasmodium falciparum ... A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (malaria, falciparum). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
plasmodium berghei
A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito anopheles dureni. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Plasmodium brazilianum
A species found in New World monkeys of the family Cebidae in northern South America and Panama which can cause mild malaria in humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Plasmodium cathemerium
A species that is the cause of a rapidly fatal, anaemia-producing disease in canaries, also infecting sparrows and other passerine birds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmodium chabaudi
A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito anopheles stephensi. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
plasmodium cynomolgi
A protozoan parasite that occurs naturally in the macaque. It is similar to plasmodium vivax and produces a type of malaria similar to vivax malaria (malaria, vivax). This species has been found to give rise to both natural and experimental human infections. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Plasmodium durae
A species that is the cause of an acute and often fatal malaria of young turkeys in Africa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
plasmodium falciparum
A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (malaria, falciparum). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
plasmodium gallinaceum
A protozoan parasite that causes avian malaria (malaria, avian), primarily in chickens, and is transmitted by the aedes mosquito. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Plasmodium juxtanucleare
A species that is a cause of chicken malaria in Mexico and South America, and in Sri Lanka and Malaysia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
