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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

external occipital crest
A ridge extending from the external occipital protuberance to the border of the foramen magnum. ... Synonym: crista occipitalis externa, linea nuchae mediana. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external occipital protuberance
A prominence about the centre of the outer surface of the squamous portion of the occipital bone, giving attachment to the ligamentum nuchae. ... Synonym: protuberantia occipitalis externa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external opening of urethra
Synonym for external urethral orifice ... The slitlike opening of the urethra in the glans penis, the external orifice of the urethra (in the female) in the vestibule, usually upon a slight elevation, the papilla urethrae. ... Synonym: ostium urethrae externum, external opening of urethra, meatus urinarius, orificium urethrae externum. ... (05 Mar 200 …

external ophthalmopathy
Any disease of the conjunctiva, cornea, or adnexa of the eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external ophthalmoplegia
Synonym for ophthalmoplegia externa ... Paralysis affecting one or more of the extrinsic eye muscles. ... Synonym: external ophthalmoplegia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external os of uterus
The vaginal opening of the uterus. ... Synonym: ostium uteri, mouth of the womb, opening of uterus, orificium externum uteri, os uteri externum, ostium uteri externum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external ovular transmigration
Direct ovular transmigration occurs when the ovum passes across the pelvic cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external pacemaker
An artificial cardiac pacemaker whose electrodes for delivering rhythmical electrical stimuli to the heart are placed on the chest wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external phase
The medium or fluid in which a disperse is suspended. ... Synonym: continuous phase, dispersion medium, dispersion phase, external medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external pin fixation
In oral surgery, stabilization of fractures of the mandible, maxilla, or zygoma by pins or screws drilled into the bony part through the overlying skin and connected by a metal bar. ... Pin fixation by replacing the rigid metal bar connector with an acrylic bar adapted at the time of reduction of the fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external pterygoid muscle
Synonym for lateral pterygoid ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, inferior head from lateral lamina of pterygoid process; superior head from infratemporal crest and adjacent greater wing of the sphenoid; insertion, into pterygoid pit of mandible and articular disk; action, brings jaw forward, opens jaw; nerve supply, nerve to lateral pterygoid from …

external pudendal arteries
Origin, femoral; distribution, skin over pubis, skin over penis and skin of scrotum or labium majus via anterior scrotal (labial) arteries; anastomoses, dorsal artery of penis or clitoris, posterior scrotal or labial arteries. ... Synonym: arteriae pudendae externae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external pudendal veins
These correspond to the arteries of the same name; they empty into the great saphenous vein or directly into the femoral vein, and receive the superficial dorsal vein of the penis (clitoris) and the anterior scrotal (or labial) veins. ... Synonym: venae pudendae externae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external pyocephalus
Meningeal suppuration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external radiation
Radiation therapy that uses a machine located outside the body to aim high-energy rays at the cancer. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

external radiation therapy
Radiation therapy using a machine located outside the body to aim high-energy rays at a tumour. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

external respiration
The exchange of respiratory gases in the lungs as distinguished from internal or tissue respiration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external respiratory nerve of Bell
Synonym for long thoracic nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> Arises from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves (roots of brachial plexus), descends the neck behind the brachial plexus, and is distributed to the serratus anterior muscle; it is somewhat unusual in that it courses on the superficial aspect of the muscle is supplies; its paralysis …

external salivary gland
Synonym for parotid gland ... <anatomy> A salivary gland situated in front of and below the ear. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

external saphenous nerve
Synonym for sural nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

external secretion
A substance formed by a cell and transported outside the cell walls as a means of ridding the cell of the substance or as a messenger to affect the function of other cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external semilunar fibrocartilage
Synonym for lateral meniscus ... A flat disc-shaped ligament which stabilises and supports the outer aspect of the knee joint. Not as commonly injured as the medical meniscus ligament in knee sprains. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

external sheath of optic nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The outer sheath around the optic nerve, continuous with the dura mater. ... Synonym: vagina externa nervi optici, dural sheath of optic nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external spermatic artery
Synonym for cremasteric artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, inferior epigastric; distribution, coverings of spermatic cord; anastomoses, external pudendal, spermatic, and perineal arteria. ... Synonym: arteria cremasterica, external spermatic artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external spermatic fascia
The outer fascial covering of the spermatic cord; it is continuous at the superficial inguinal ring with the fascia covering the external oblique muscle. ... See: aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle. ... Synonym: fascia spermatica externa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external spermatic nerve
Synonym for genital branch of genitofemoral nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> Branch of genitofemoral nerve distributed to skin of anterior scrotum (male) or labia majora (female) and adjacent thigh and supplying a motor branch to the cremaster muscle. Usually passes through deep inguinal ring and canal. ... Synonym: ramus genitalis nervi genitofemora …

external sphincter muscle of anus
Synonym for external anal sphincter ... A fusiform ring of striated muscular fibres surrounding the anus, attached posteriorly to the coccyx and anteriorly to the central tendon of the perineum; it is subdivided, often indistinctly, into a subcutaneous part, a superficial part and a deep part for descriptive purposes. ... Synonym: musculus sphincter …

external sphincterotomy
Transurethral incision of external urethral sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external spiral sulcus
A concavity in the outer wall of the cochlear duct between the prominentia spiralis and the spiral organ. ... Synonym: sulcus spiralis externus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external squint
Synonym for exotropia ... <clinical sign> The outward or temporal deviation of an eye. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

external strabismus
An obsolete term for exotropia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external surface
The outer convex surface of either the frontal or the parietal bone. ... Synonym: facies externa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external surface of frontal bone
The convex outer surface of the frontal bone. ... Synonym: facies externa ossis frontalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external surface of parietal bone
The convex outer surface of the parietal bone. ... Synonym: facies externa ossis parietalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external traction
A pulling force created by using fixed anchorage (e.g., a headcap or bed frame) outside the oral cavity; principally used in the management of midfacial fractures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external urethral orifice
The slitlike opening of the urethra in the glans penis, the external orifice of the urethra (in the female) in the vestibule, usually upon a slight elevation, the papilla urethrae. ... Synonym: ostium urethrae externum, external opening of urethra, meatus urinarius, orificium urethrae externum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

external urethral sphincter
Synonym for sphincter urethrae ... Origin, ramus of pubis; insertion, with fellow in median raphe behind and in front of urethra; action, constricts membranous urethra; nerve supply, pudendal. ... Synonym: musculus sphincter urethrae, external urethral sphincter, Guthrie's muscle, musculus compressor urethrae, musculus constrictor urethrae, musculus …

external wall of cochlear duct
The wall that faces the outer side of the cochlea. ... Synonym: paries externus ductus cochlearis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

externalism
1. The quality of being manifest to the senses; external acts or appearances; regard for externals. 'This externalism gave Catholicism a great advantage on all sides.' (E. Eggleston) ... 2. <psychology> That philosophy or doctrine which recognizes or deals only with externals, or objects of sense perception; positivism; phenomenalism. ... Sourc …

externus
Synonym for external ... <anatomy> Situated or occurring on the outside, many anatomical structures formerly called external are now more correctly termed lateral. ... Origin: L. Externus = outside ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

exteroceptive
Relating to the exteroceptors; denoting the surface of the body containing the end organs adapted to receive impressions or stimuli from without. ... Origin: L. Exterus, outside, + capio, to take ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exteroceptor
One of the peripheral end organs of the afferent nerves in the skin or mucous membrane, which respond to stimulation by external agents. ... Origin: L. Exterus, external, + receptor, receiver ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exterofective
Pertaining to the response of the nervous system to external stimuli. ... Origin: L. Extero, from outside, + affectus, affected ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exterofective system
Name applied by Cannon to the somatic nervous system as opposed to the interofective or autonomic system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extinction
1. <ecology> The death of an entire species. ... 2. <psychology> The procedure of presenting the conditioned stimulus without reinforcement to an organism previously conditioned. It refers also to the diminution of a conditioned response resulting from this procedure. ... (27 Jun 1999) ...

extinction angle
<microscopy> The angle between the nearer vibration direction and a prominent direction of the crystal. It never exceeds 45 degrees ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

extinction coefficient
<chemistry> A constant used in the Beer-Lambert Law which relates the concentration of the substance being measured (in moles) to the absorbance of the substance in solution (how well the substance in solution blocks light beamed through it from getting out on the other side). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

extinction factor
<microscopy> In a polarizing or Differential Interference Contrast microscope, the ratio of the amount of light that is transmitted with the axes of the polars parallel over the amount transmitted with their axes crossed. ... Unless the lenses are rectified, the extinction factor drops exponentially as the numerical aperture is increased. ... A …

extinction oblique
<microscopy> Vibration directions oblique to the long direction of the crystal or fibre. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

extinction parallel
<microscopy> Vibration directions parallel and perpendicular to the long direction of the crystal or fibre. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

extinction symmetrical
<microscopy> Vibration directions bisecting a prominent crystal profile angle. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

extinguish
1. To abolish; to quench, as a flame; to cause loss of identity; to destroy. ... 2. In psychology, to progressively abolish a previously conditioned response. ... See: conditioning. ... Origin: L. Extinguo, to quench ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Exton
William G., U.S. Physician, 1876-1943. ... See: Exton reagent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Exton reagent
50 g sulfosalicylic acid and 200g Na2SO4-10H2O in a liter of water, used as a test for albumin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extorsion
1. Outward rotation of a limb or of an organ. ... 2. Conjugate rotation of the upper poles of each cornea outward. ... Synonym: excyclotorsion. ... Origin: L. Extorsio, fr. Ex-torqueo, to twist out ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extort
1. To wrest from an unwilling person by physical force, menace, duress, torture, or any undue or illegal exercise of power or ingenuity; to wrench away (from); to tear away; to wring (from); to exact; as, to extort contributions from the vanquished; to extort confessions of guilt; to extort a promise; to extort payment of a debt. ... 2. To get by th …

extortor
An outward rotator. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extra nodal lymphoma
<oncology, tumour> Literally outside the lymph nodes, but exhibiting the characteristics of lymph node cancer. A term used to describe the extent and site of disease. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

extra-abdominal desmoid
A deep-seated firm tumour, most frequently occurring on the shoulders, chest, or back of young men or women, consisting of collagenous fibrous tissue that infiltrates surrounding muscle; frequently recurs but does not metastasize. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extra-anatomic bypass
A vascular bypass that does not conform to the preexisting anatomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extra-axial
Off the axis; applied to intracerebral lesions that do not arise from the brain itself. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extra-floral
Of nectaries, not within the flower. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

extra-ocular muscle disease
<radiology> Graves disease, pseudotumour, lymphoma, metastasis, infection, carotid-cavernous fistula, granulomatous disease ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

extraamniotic pregnancy
A pregnancy in which the chorion is intact, but the amnion has ruptured and shrunk. ... Synonym: graviditas examnialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extrabuccal
Outside or not part of the cheek. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extrabulbar
Outside of or unrelated to any bulb, such as the bulb of the urethra, or the medulla oblongata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracaliceal
Outside of a calix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracapsular fracture
A fracture at the articular extremity of a bone, but outside of the line of attachment of the capsular ligament of the joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracapsular ligaments
Ligaments associated with a synovial joint but separate from and external to its articular capsule. ... Synonym: ligamenta extracapsularia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracardiac murmur
A bruit heard over or near the precordium originating from structures other than the heart; the term includes pericardial friction rubs and cardiopulmonary murmur's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracarpal
1. Outside of, having no relation to, the carpus. ... 2. On the outer side of the carpus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracellular
Outside a cell or cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

extracellular enzyme
<enzyme> An enzyme performing its functions outside a cell; e.g., the various digestive enzyme's. ... Synonym: exoenzyme, lyoenzyme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracellular fluid
The fluid found outside of the cell or cells and between the cells in a tissue. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

extracellular fluid volume
The fraction of body wate rnot in cells; about 25% of body weight. It consists of plasma water (4.5% of body weight), water between cells (interstitial water-lymph, 11.5% of body weight), water in dense bone and connective tissue (7.5% of body weight) and water secretions.See transcellular water, about 1.5% of body weight.. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracellular matrix
Any material produced by cells and secreted into the surrounding medium, but usually applied to the noncellular portion of animal tissues. The ecm of connective tissue is particularly extensive and the properties of the ecm determine the properties of the tissue. In broad terms there are three major components: fibrous elements particularly collage …

extracellular matrix proteins
Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the …

extracellular space
Interstitial space between cells, occupied by fluid as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

extracellular toxin
Synonym for exotoxin ... <protein> Toxin released from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as opposed to endotoxins that form part of the cell wall. ... Examples are cholera, pertussis and diphtheria toxins. Usually specific and highly toxic. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

extracerebral
Located outside the cerebral hemispheres. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

extrachorial pregnancy
Pregnancy in which the membranes rupture and shrink, causing the foetus to develop outside the chorionic sac but within the uterus. ... Synonym: graviditas exochorialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extrachromosomal
Outside of, or separated from, a chromosome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extrachromosomal DNA
DNA that occurs naturally outside of the nucleus (e.g., mitochondrial DNA). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extrachromosomal element
Any heritable element not associated with the chromosome. It is usually a plasmid or the DNA of organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

extrachromosomal gene
A gene located outside of the nucleus (e.g., mitochondrial genes). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extrachromosomal inheritance
Transmission of hereditary characters by non-chromosomal replicating cytoplasmic structures such as mitochondria, plastids, and plasmids. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

extracoronal retainer
A retainer that depends upon contact with the outer circumference of the crown of a tooth for its retentive qualities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracorporeal
<anatomy> Situated or occurring outside the body. ... Origin: L. Corpus = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

extracorporeal circulation
Diversion of blood flow through a circuit located outside the body but continuous with the bodily circulation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

extracorporeal dialysis
Haemodialysis performed through an apparatus outside the body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. Examples of its use are to assist victims of smoke inhalation injury, respiratory failure, and cardiac failure. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

extracorpuscular
Outside the corpuscles, especially the blood corpuscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracranial
Outside of the cranial cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracranial arteritis
Synonym for temporal arteritis ... giant cell arteritis ...

extracranial ganglia
Synonym for inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The lower of two sensory ganglion's on the glossopharyngeal nerve as it traverses the jugular foramen. ... Synonym: ganglion inferius nervi glossopharyngei, Andersch's ganglion, extracranial ganglia, ganglion extracraniale, petrosal ganglion, petrous ganglion. ... (05 M …

extracranial pneumatocele
Collection of gas beneath the galea aponeurotica, usually due to fracture into the paranasal sinuses. ... Synonym: extracranial pneumocele. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracranial pneumocele
Synonym for extracranial pneumatocele ... Collection of gas beneath the galea aponeurotica, usually due to fracture into the paranasal sinuses. ... Synonym: extracranial pneumocele. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extracranial-intracranial bypass
A vascular shunt created by the anastomosis of an extracranial vessel to an intracranial vessel, usually, the superficial temporal artery to a cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

extract
<pharmacology> A concentrated preparation of a vegetable or animal drug obtained by removing the active constituents therefrom with a suitable menstruum, evaporating all or nearly all the solvent and adjusting the residual mass or powder to a prescribed standard. Extracts are prepared in three forms, semiliquid or of syrupy consistency, pilul …

extractant
An agent used to isolate or extract a substance from a mixture or combination of substances, from the tissues, or from a crude drug. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...