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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


exo-1,4-beta-mannanase
<enzyme> From aeromonas hydrophila subsp. Anaerogenes ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: 1,4-beta-d-mannan mannobiohydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

exo-beta-(1--3)-D-galactanase
<enzyme> From irpex lacteus (polyporus tulipferae); hydrolyzes specifically oligosaccharides and polymers of (1--3)-linked beta-d-galactopyranosyl residues; maximal activity exhibited at pH 4.6 ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: ebd-galactanase, exo-(1-3)-galactanase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

exo-beta-1,4-glucanase
<enzyme> Releases single glucose units from 1,4-beta-d-glucans; for release of cellobiose (disaccharide) units see exo-cellobiohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.91 ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.74 ... Synonym: exo-1,4-beta-glucosidase, beta-(1-4)-glucanase, 1,4-beta-d-glucan glucohydrolase, glucan 1,4-beta-glucosidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

exo-beta-D-galactofuranosidase
<enzyme> Catalyses release of galactose from methyl and ethyl-beta-d-galactofuranosides, from 6-o-beta-galactofuranosyl-d-galactose and 5-o-beta-galactofuranosyl-containing peptidophosphogalactomannan from p. Charlesii culture filtrates ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: beta-galactofuranosidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

exo-beta-D-glucosaminidase
<enzyme> Capable of hydrolyzing chitobiose; from culture filtrate of nocardia orientalis ifo 12806; exo-hydrolase, removing single glucosamine residues from the nonreducing terminal of a sequence of beta-(1--4)-linked glucosamine chain, such as chitosan and chitooligosaccharides; does not act on acetylated substrates or aryl-beta-glycosides
exo-cellobiohydrolase
<enzyme> Releases the disaccharide, cellobiose, from the non-reducing end of cellulose and cellotetraose; for release of single glucose units see exo-beta-1,4-glucanase ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.91 ... Synonym: exo-cellulase, c1-cellulase, 1,4-beta-d-glucan cellobiohydrolase avicelase, cellobiohydrolases, cellobiohydrolase, beta-glucancello …

exo-poly-alpha-galacturonosidase
<enzyme> Catalyses the hydrolysis of pectic acid from the non-reducing end releasing digalacturonate ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.82 ... Synonym: pehx gene product, d-galacturonan digalacturonohydrolase, poly-(1-4)-alpha-d-galactosiduronate digalacturonohydrolase, polygalacturonate hydrolase, pehb gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

EXO1 exonuclease
<enzyme> Double-stranded 5'-3' exonuclease that interacts with msh2 protein; isolated from saccharomyces cerevisiae; partial do not confuse with 14-3-3 protein ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... Synonym: exo1 gene product (exonuclease) ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

exoamylase
A glucanohydrolase acting on a glycosidic bond near an end of the polysaccharide; e.g., beta-amylase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exoantigen
Synonym for ectoantigen ... Any toxin or other excitor of antibody formation, separate or separable from its source. ... Synonym: exoantigen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exoATPase
<enzyme> Hydrolyzes extracellular ATP; aspect of EC 3.6.1.3 ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- ... Synonym: atpase, exo ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

exobiology
The interdisciplinary science that studies evolutionary biology, including the origin and evolution of the major elements required for life, their processing in the interstellar medium and in protostellar systems. This field also includes the study of chemical evolution and the subsequent interactions between evolving biota and planetary evolution …

exocardia
Synonym for ectocardia ... Congenital displacement of the heart. ... Synonym: exocardia. ... Origin: ecto-+ G. Kardia, heart ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exocarp
The outer layer or skin of a pericarp. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exoccipital bone
Synonym for lateral part of occipital bone ... The part of the occipital bone that lies on either side of the foramen magnum. ... Synonym: pars lateralis ossis occipitalis, exoccipital bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exocellular
Refers to reactions or processes that are initiated inside a cell butactually take place outside it. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exocelomic membrane
A layer of cells delaminated from the inner surface of the blastocystic cytotrophoblast and from the envelope of the primary yolk sac during the second week of embryonic life. ... Synonym: Heuser's membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exocrine
1. <physiology> Secreting outwardly, via a duct. ... 2. <anatomy> Denoting such a gland or its secretion. ... Compare: endocrine. ... Origin: Gr. Krinein = to separate ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

exocrine gland
<anatomy> A gland that secretes its products through ducts or canals, such as sweatglands or mammary glands. ... Compare: endocrine gland. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Lack of exocrine secretions of pancreas, due to destruction of acini, usually by chronic pancreatitis; lack of digestive enzymes from pancreas results in diarrhoea, usually fatty (steatorrhoea) because of lack of pancreatic enzymes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exocrine part of pancreas
Synonym for pars exocrina pancreatis ... exocrine part of pancreas ...

exocyclic
Relating to atoms or groups attached to a cyclic structure but not themselves cyclic; e.g., the -CH3 group of toluene. ... Compare: endocyclic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exocytosis
<cell biology> Release of material from the cell by fusion of a membrane bounded vesicle with the plasma membrane. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

exocytotic vesicle
<cell biology> Vesicle, for example a secretory vesicle or zymogen granule, that can fuse with the plasma membrane to release its contents. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

exodeoxyribonuclease
<enzyme> A type of hydrolase enzyme that removes nucleotides one at a time from the end of a DNA molecule. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exodeoxyribonucleases
<enzyme> A family of enzymes that catalyze the exonucleolytic cleavage of DNA. It includes members of the class EC 3.1.11 that produce 5'-phosphomonoesters as cleavage products. ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

exodeviation
Synonym: exophoria. ... Synonym: exotropia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exodic nerve
Synonym for efferent nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A nerve which transmits impulses from the brain and spinal cord to a muscle or organ. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

exodontia
The branch of dental practice concerned with the extraction of teeth. ... Origin: exo-+ G. Odous, tooth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exodontist
One who specialises in the extraction of teeth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exoenzyme
Synonym for extracellular enzyme ... <enzyme> An enzyme performing its functions outside a cell; e.g., the various digestive enzyme's. ... Synonym: exoenzyme, lyoenzyme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exoerythrocytic cycle
That nonpathogenic portion of the vertebrate phase of the life cycle of malarial organisms that takes place in liver cells, outside of the blood cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exoerythrocytic stage
Developmental stage of the malaria parasite (Plasmodium) in liver parenchyma cells of the vertebrate host before erythrocytes are invaded. The initial generation produces cryptozoites, the next generation metacryptozoites; reinfection of liver cells from blood cells apparently does not occur. Delayed development of the sporozoite (hypnozoite) of Pl …

exogamy
Sexual reproduction between organisms which are completely unrelated to each other. ... Marriage between members of different groups, classes, or communities. ... Compare: endogamy. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

exogastrula
An abnormal embryo in which the primitive gut has been everted. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exogen
<botany> A plant belonging to one of the greater part of the vegetable kingdom, and which the plants are characterised by having c wood bark, and pith, the wood forming a layer between the other two, and increasing, if at all, by the animal addition of a new layer to the outside next to the bark. The leaves are commonly netted-veined, and the …

exogenic toxicosis
Any disease caused by a poison introduced from without and not generated within the body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exogenote
<molecular biology> The fragment of new genetic material that has been added to a bacterial genome by the process of genetic recombination or by genetic engineering. ... Compare: endogenote. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exogenous
<biology> Developed or originating outside the organism, as exogenous disease. ... Origin: Gr. Gennan = to produce ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

exogenous creatinine clearance
A term distinguishing measurements based on infusing creatinine intravenously to raise its plasma concentration and facilitate its accurate chemical determination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exogenous cycle
The portion of a parasitic life cycle occurring outside the host. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exogenous depression
Similar signs and symptoms as endogenous depression but the precipitating factors are social or environmental and outside the individual. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exogenous DNA
<molecular biology> DNA originating outside an organism. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exogenous fibres
Nerve fibre's by which a given region of the central nervous system is connected with other regions; the term applies to both afferent and efferent fibre connections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exogenous ochronosis
Pigmentation of the skin of the face and elsewhere from prolonged topical exposure to hydroquinone-containing bleaching creams. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exogenous pigmentation
Discoloration of the skin or tissues by a pigment introduced from without. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exolever
A modified elevator for the extraction of tooth roots. ... Origin: exo-+ L. Levare, to raise ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exomphalos
1. Protrusion of the umbilicus. ... Synonym: exumbilication, umbilical hernia, omphalocele. ... Origin: G. Ex, out, + omphalos, umbilicus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exon
<molecular biology> The sequences of the primary RNA transcript (or the DNA that encodes them) that exit the nucleus as part of a messenger RNA molecule. In the primary transcript neighbouring exons are separated by introns. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

exon shuffle
The variation in the patterns by which RNA may produce diverse sets of exons from a single gene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exon shuffling
<molecular biology> Process by which the evolution of proteins with multifunctional domains could be accelerated. If exons each encoded individual functional domains, then introns would allow their recombination to form new functional proteins with minimal risk of damage to the sequences encoding the functional parts. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

exon trapping
<molecular biology, technique> A technique used to identify exons with a specialised vector. The vector has two exons that are normal, splicedtogether in a transcript.Fragments of DNA can be inserted into the intron, and when the insert is an exon, the exon is splicedinto the transcript, thereby giving a longer transcript that can be detected …

exon trapping vincent van buren
<molecular biology, technique> A technique used to identify vector. The vector has two exons that are normal, splicedtogether in a transcript.Fragments of DNA can be inserted into the intron, and when the insert is an exon, the exon is splicedinto the transcript, thereby giving a longer transcript that can be detected by Northern blotanalysis …

exons
Coding regions of messenger RNA included in the genetic transcript which survive the processing of RNA in cell nuclei to become part of a spliced messenger of structural RNA in the cytoplasm. They include joining and diversity exons of immunoglobulin genes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

exonuclease
<enzyme, molecular biology> An enzyme that cleaves nucleotides sequentiallyfrom the free ends of a linear nucleic acid substrate. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exonuclease III
An exonuclease enzyme which removes nucleotides one at a time from the 5'-end of duplex DNA which does not have a phosphorylated 3'-end. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exonuclease lambda
An exonuclease enzyme that removes nucleotides from the 5' end of duplex DNA which have 5'-phosphate groups attached to them. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exonuclease vii
An exonuclease enzyme which makes oligonucleotides by cleaving chunks of nucleotides off of both ends of single-stranded DNA. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exonucleases
<enzyme> Any of the enzymes of the hydrolase class that catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal bonds of deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide chains, releasing mononucleotides. ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

exopathogen
A disease-causing virus or bacteria which causes plant diseases from outside of the plant, without having to invade the plant's tissues. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exopeptidase
A hydrolase enzyme that removes the end amino acids of a polypeptide by cleaving peptide bonds. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exophiala
A normally saprophytic dematiaceous deuteromycetous fungal genus of the class hyphomycetes, order hyphomycetales. Infections in humans include phaeohyphomycosis, peritonitis, and chromoblastomycosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Exophiala jeanselmei
A species found in cases of mycetoma or phaeohyphomycosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Exophiala werneckii
A species that causes tinea nigra. ... Synonym: Cladosporium werneckii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exophoria
Tendency of the eyes to deviate outward when fusion is suspended. ... Synonym: exodeviation. ... Origin: exo-+ G. Phora, a carrying ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exophoric
Relating to exophoria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exophthalmia
<clinical sign> Abnormal protrusion of the eye from the orbit. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

exophthalmic goiter
Any of the various forms of hyperthyroidism in which the thyroid gland is enlarged and exophthalmos is present. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exophthalmic ophthalmoplegia
Ophthalmoplegia with protrusion of the eyeballs due to increased water content of orbital tissues incidental to thyroid disorders, usually hyperthyroidism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exophthalmometer
An instrument to measure the distance between the anterior pole of the eye and a fixed reference point, often the zygomatic bone. ... Synonym: orthometer, proptometer, statometer. ... Origin: exophthalmos + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exophthalmos
<clinical sign> An abnormal protrusion of the eyeball in the orbit when observed from the side. Quantification can be made using an exophthalmomometer. ... Compare: proptosis. ... Origin: Gr. Ophthalmos = eye ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

exophthalmos-producing substance
A factor found in crude extract of pituitary tissue that produced exophthalmos in laboratory animals (especially fish). Its existence and role in producing exophthalmopathy in Graves' disease is questioned. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exophyte
An exterior or external plant parasite. ... Origin: exo-+ G. Phyton, plant ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exophytic
1. Pertaining to an exophyte. ... 2. Denoting a neoplasm or lesion that grows outward from an epithelial surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exorbitant
1. Departing from an orbit or usual track; hence, deviating from the usual or due course; going beyond the appointed rules or established limits of right or propriety; excessive; extravagant; enormous; inordinate; as, exorbitant appetites and passions; exorbitant charges, demands, or claims. 'Foul exorbitant desires.' (Milton) ... 2. Not comprehende …

exoribonucleases
<enzyme> A family of enzymes that catalyze the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA. ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

exoserosis
Serous exudation from the skin surface, as in eczema or abrasions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exoskeleton
<cell biology> A skeleton, or support structure, which supports the organisms body from the outside and is formed from the ectoderm. All arthropods (spiders, insects, crustaceans, horseshoe crabs, etc.) possess one. ... Compare: endoskeleton. ... Any structure that is formed from the ectoderm in vertebrates, like nails, claws, hair, fur, horns, …

exosmosis
<physiology> The movement of liquid from inside the cell to the outside by osmosis through the cell membrane. ... Compare: endosmosis. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exosporium
The outer envelope of a spore. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exostectomy
<procedure> Removal of an exostosis. ... Synonym: exostosectomy. ... Origin: exostosis + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exostosectomy
Synonym for exostectomy ... <procedure> Removal of an exostosis. ... Synonym: exostosectomy. ... Origin: exostosis + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exostoses
A disorder where there are noncancerous lumps or growths within the ear canal or on the pinna of the ear (external ear). most lumps are sebaceous cysts but some are bony overgrowths known as exostoses (or osteomas). If large enough they may interfere with hearing. In this case surgical removal may be required. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

exostoses, multiple hereditary
Hereditary disorder transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene and characterised by multiple exostoses (multiple osteochondromas) near the ends of long bones. The genetic abnormality results in a defect in the osteoclastic activity at the metaphyseal ends of the bone during the remodeling process in childhood or early adolescence. The metaphyses dev …

exostosis
A non cancerous growth on the surface of a bone, usually with a cartilage cap, that is due to long-term irritation as a result of osteoarthritis, infections, or trauma. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exostosis bursata
An exostosis arising from the joint surface of a bone and covered with cartilage and a synovial sac. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exostosis cartilaginea
An ossified chondroma arising from the epiphysis or joint surface of a bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exoteric
Of external origin; arising outside the organism. ... Origin: G. Exoterikos, outer ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exoteric bacterium
A bacterium that secretes an exotoxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exotherm
A graph showing how much heat is produced by a chemical reaction at different points in time by plotting temperature versus time. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exothermic
Describes a chemical reaction that releases energy (usually in the form of heat). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exotic
Not native to a given area, either intentionally transplanted from another region or introduced accidentally. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exotic species
Plant or animal species introduced into an area where they do not occur naturally, non-native species. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

exotoxic
1. Relating to an exotoxin. ... 2. Relating to the introduction of an exogenous poison or toxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

exotoxin
<protein> Toxin released from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as opposed to endotoxins that form part of the cell wall. ... Examples are cholera, pertussis and diphtheria toxins. Usually specific and highly toxic. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

exotoxins
Toxins produced, especially by bacterial or fungal cells, and released into the culture medium or environment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

exotropia
<clinical sign> The outward or temporal deviation of an eye. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

expand
To become widely opened, spread apart, dilated, distended, or enlarged; as, flowers expand in the spring; metals expand by heat; the heart expands with joy. ... 1. To lay open by extending; to open wide; to spread out; to diffuse; as, a flower expands its leaves. 'Then with expanded wings he steers his flight.' (Milton) ... 2. To cause the particles …

expanded access
Refers to any of the FDA procedures (compassionate use, parallel track and treatment IND see) that distributes experimental drugs to patients who are failing on currently available treatments for their condition and also are unable to participate in ongoing clinical trials. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

expansion
1. The act of expanding or spreading out; the condition of being expanded; dilation; enlargement. ... 2. That which is expanded; expanse; extend surface; as the expansion of a sheet or of a lake; the expansion was formed of metal. 'The starred expansion of the skies.' (Beattie) ... 3. Space thought which anything is expanded; also, pure space. 'Lost …