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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

escapement
<zoology> That portion of an anadromous fish population that escapes the commercial and recreational fisheries and reaches the freshwater spawning grounds. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

eschar
<dermatology> This is a dry scab that forms on skin that has been burned or exposed to corrosive agents. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

escharase
<chemical> Non-proteolytic enzyme isolated from pineapple stem which can be used for debridement of burns to remove denatured tissue; has no hydrolytic activity against normal protein substrates or glycosaminoglycans ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

escharectomy
<procedure> Excision of all or part of an eschar, usually following a burn. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

escharotomy
<procedure> Surgical incision in an eschar to lessen constriction, as might be done following a burn. ... Origin: eschar + G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

escheat
To revert, or become forfeited, to the lord, the crown, or the State, as lands by the failure of persons entitled to hold the same, or by forfeiture. ... In this country it is the general rule that when the title to land fails by defect of heirs or devisees, it necessarily escheats to the State; but forfeiture of estate from crime is hardly known in …

Escherich
Theodor, German physician, 1857-1911. ... See: Escherichia coli, Escherich's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Escherich's sign
<clinical sign> In hypoparathyroidism (latent tetany) tapping the skin at the angle of the mouth causes protrusion of the lips. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

escherichia
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms occur in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. The species are nonpathogenic or opportunistic pathogens. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Escherichia coli
<bacteria> The archetypal bacterium for biochemists, used very extensively in experimental work. A rod shaped gram-negative bacillus (0.5 x 3-5 m) abundant in the large intestine (colon) of mammals. ... Abbreviation: E. Coli ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

escherichia coli infections
Infections with bacteria of the species escherichia coli. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

escherichia coli o157
A verocytotoxin-producing serogroup belonging to the o subfamily of escherichia coli which has been shown to cause severe food-borne disease. Recently, a strain from this serogroup, serotype h7 which produces shiga-like toxins, has been linked to human disease outbreaks resulting from contamination of foods from bovine origin. This serogroup causes …

Escherichia coli RNase I
Synonym for RNase T2 ... <enzyme> An enzyme endonucleolytically cleaving RNA to 3'-nucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides as intermediates. ... Synonym: Escherichia coli RNase I, microbial RNase II, plant RNase, RNase N2. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Escherichia freundii
Former name for Citrobacter freundii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

escin
<chemical> Aescigenin-(2-methyl-3-acetoxybutyrate)-(2-xylosido 4-glucosidoglucuronoside). Saponin occurring in the seed of the horse chestnut tree. Inhibits oedema formation and decreases vascular fragility. ... Synonym: feparil; reparil; aescusan. ... Chemical name: Escin ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

escorcin
A brown powder derived from esculetin, a substance derived from esculin; used for the detection of defects in the cornea and conjunctiva, which it marks by a red colouration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esculapian
Synonym for aesculapian ... Relating to Aesculapius, the art of medicine, or a medical practitioner. ... Synonym: esculapian. ... Origin: L. Aesculapius, G. Asklepios, the god of medicine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esculent
Suitable to be used by man for food; eatable; edible; as, esculent plants; esculent fish. 'Esculent grain for food.' (Sir W. ... <zoology> Jones) Esculent swallow, the swallow which makes the edible bird's-nest. See Edible bird's-nest, under Edible. ... Origin: L. Esculentus, fr. Escare to eat, fr. Esca food, fr. Edere to eat: cf. F. Esculent. …

escutcheon
1. The surface, usually a shield, upon which bearings are marshaled and displayed. The surface of the escutcheon is called the field, the upper part is called the chief, and the lower part the base (see Chiff, and Field). That side of the escutcheon which is on the right hand of the knight who bears the shield on his arm is called dexter, and the o …

ESECOM
<radiobiology> Reactor design study done in the mid 1980s to evaluate the Environmental, Safety, and ECOnoMic potential of different types of fusion and advanced fission reactors. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ESEM
Synonym for Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ... <technique> Scanning electron microscopy is performed by scanning a focused probe across the surface of the sample to be studied. In the environmental scanning electron microscopy the composition and pressure of the atmosphere around the specimen may be controlled. In favourable cases …

eseridine
An alkaloid from the seed of Physostigma; a parasympathomimetic agent. ... Synonym: eserine aminoxide, eserine oxide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

eserine aminoxide
Synonym for eseridine ... An alkaloid from the seed of Physostigma; a parasympathomimetic agent. ... Synonym: eserine aminoxide, eserine oxide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

eserine oxide
Synonym for eseridine ... An alkaloid from the seed of Physostigma; a parasympathomimetic agent. ... Synonym: eserine aminoxide, eserine oxide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

eserine salicylate
Synonym for physostigmine salicylate ... Used by conjunctival instillation to reduce tension in glaucoma, in the treatment of postoperative intestinal atony and urinary retention, in the management of myasthenia gravis, and to counteract excessive doses of tubocurarine; also available as physostigmine sulfate, with the same uses. ... Synonym: eserine …

eskimo
Origin: Originally applied by the Algonquins to the Northern Indians, and meaning eaters of raw flesh. ... <ethnology> One of a peculiar race inhabiting Arctic America and Greenland. In many respects the Eskimos resemble the Mongolian race. ... <zoology> Alternative forms: Esquimau] Eskimo dog, one of breed of large and powerful dogs used …

eskimos
An ethnic group of the mongoloid racial stock inhabiting primarily arctic areas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Esmarch bandage
Synonym for Esmarch tourniquet ... A narrow hard rubber tourniquet with a chain fastener. ... Synonym: Esmarch bandage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Esmarch tourniquet
A narrow hard rubber tourniquet with a chain fastener. ... Synonym: Esmarch bandage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Esmarch, Johann von
<person> German surgeon, 1823-1908. ... See: Esmarch tourniquet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esmolol
<drug> A beta-adrenergic blocking agent with brief duration of action. ... Pharmacologic action: Short acting beta-blocker with rapid onset. Beta-1 selective at normal doses. Reduces heart rate, myocardial contractility, and blood pressure, but also reduces myocardial oxygen demand. ... Uses: Consider use of this beta-blocker for atrial fibrill …

esocidae
A family of freshwater fish of the order salmoniformes, comprising the pikes, inhabiting the waters of the northern hemisphere. There is one genus, esox, with three species: one in eastern north america, one in siberia, one in the circumpolar region. Esox is from the greek isox, a fish, itself of celtic origin. (nelson, fishes of the world, 1976, p …

esodeviation
Synonym: oesophoria. ... Synonym: esotropia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esodic nerve
Synonym for afferent nerve ... <anatomy, physiology> A nerve which transmits impulses from the tissues to the brain and spinal cord (for example sensory nerve). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

esoethmoiditis
An obsolete term for inflammation of the lining membrane of the ethmoid cells. ... Origin: G. Eso, within, + ethmoid, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esogastritis
An obsolete term for catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach. ... Origin: G. Eso, within, + gaster, stomach, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esophageal
<anatomy> Pertaining to the oesophagus. ... Alternative forms: sophageal. ... (01 Mar 1998) ...

esophagitis
Synonym for oesophagitis ... <pathology> Inflammation of the oesophagus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

esosphenoiditis
An obsolete term for osteomyelitis of the sphenoid bone. ... Origin: G. Eso, within, + sphenoid, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esotropia
Cross-eyed. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

esotropic
Relating to or marked by esotropia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ESP
Synonym for extrasensory perception ... Perception by means other than through the ordinary senses; e.g., telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esplanade
1. A clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses of the town. The glacis of the counterscarp, or the slope of the parapet of the covered way toward the country. ... 2. <botany> A grass plat; a lawn. ... 3. Any clear, level space used for public walks or drives; especially, a terrace by the seaside. ... Origin: F. Esplanade, Sp. Esplanad …

espundia
A type of American leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis that affects the mucous membranes, particularly in the nasal and oral region, resulting in grossly destructive changes; particularly common in Brazil where a significant proportion of persons infected with L. Braziliensis develop this condition; may develop metastatically from sores …

esquinancea
Sense of suffocation caused by an inflammatory swelling in the throat, as in suppurative tonsillitis or pharyngitis. ... Origin: Fr. Esquinancie, quinsy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esquire
Originally, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, an attendant on a knight; in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below knight and above gentleman; also, a title of office and courtesy; often shortened to squire. ... In England, the title of esquire belongs by right of birth to the eldest sons of knights and their eldest sons in perpetual su …

ESR
Synonym for erythrocyte sedimentation rate ... <investigation> A test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle through a column of liquid. A non-specific index of inflammation. ... Acronym: ESR ... (11 Nov 1997) ...

essay
Origin: F. Essai, fr. L. Exagium a weighing, weight, balance; ex out + agere to drive, do; cf. Examen, exagmen, a means of weighing, a weighing, the tongue of a balance, exigere to drive out, examine, weigh, Gr. 'exagion a weight, 'exagiazein to examine, 'exagein to drive out, export. See Agent, and cf. Exact, Examine, Assay. ... 1. An effort made, …

essence
1. The constituent elementary notions which constitute a complex notion, and must be enumerated to define it; sometimes called the nominal essence. ... 2. The constituent quality or qualities which belong to any object, or class of objects, or on which they depend for being what they are (distinguished as real essence); the real being, divested of a …

essence of rose
Synonym for oil of rose ... A volatile oil from the fresh flowers of Rosa gallica and R. Damascena and other members of the Rosaceae family. Used largely in perfumery; ointments, and toilet preparations. ... Synonym: attar of rose, essence of rose, otto of rose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential
1. Belonging to the essence, or that which makes an object, or class of objects, what it is. 'Majestic as the voice sometimes became, there was forever in it an essential character of plaintiveness.' (Hawthorne) ... 2. Hence, really existing; existent. 'Is it true, that thou art but a a name, And no essential thing?' (Webster (1623)) ... 3. Important …

essential albuminuria
Synonym for benign albuminuria ... A collective term for types that are not the result of pathologic changes in the kidneys. ... Synonym: essential albuminuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential amino acid
<biochemistry> Those amino acids that cannot be synthesised by an organism and must therefore be present in the diet. The term is often applied anthropocentrically to those amino acids required by humans (Ileu, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Try, & Val), though rats need two more (Arg & His). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

essential amino acids
Alpha-amino acids nutritionally required by an organism and which must be supplied in its diet (i.e., cannot be synthesised by the organism) either as free amino acid or in proteins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential anaemia
An obsolete term for pernicious anaemia; also used formerly for any type of anaemia of unknown mechanism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential anisocoria
Synonym for simple anisocoria ... A common (20% of normals) benign inequality of the pupils that may change from one hour to the next. ... Synonym: essential anisocoria, physiologic anisocoria, simple-central anisocoria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential bradycardia
A slow pulse for which no cause can be discovered. ... Synonym: idiopathic bradycardia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential dysmenorrhoea
<gynaecology> Painful menses due to a functional disturbance and not due to organic factors such as growths, inflammation or anatomy. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

essential fatty acid
<biochemistry> The three fatty acids required for growth in mammals, arachidonic, linolenic and linoleic acids. Only linoleic acid needs to be supplied in the diet, the other two can be made from it. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

essential fever
Fever without known infectious disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential food factors
Those substances required in the diet: certain amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, essential minerals, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential gene
<genetics> Any gene that, if it does not workcorrectly, kills the organism. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

essential hypertension
Hypertension without known cause. ... Synonym: idiopathic hypertension, primary hypertension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential oils
Plant products, usually somewhat volatile, giving the odours and tastes characteristic of the particular plant, thus possessing the essence, e.g., citral, pinene, camphor, menthane, terpenes; usually, the steam distillates of plants or oils of plants obtained by pressing out the rinds of a particular plant. ... See: volatile oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

essential phthisis bulbi
A softening of the eyeball (ophthalmomalacia) and reduction in size, not due to inflammation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential pruritus
Itching that occurs independently of skin lesions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential tachycardia
Persistent rapid action of the heart due to no discoverable organic lesion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential telangiectasia
Localised capillary dilation of undetermined origin. ... Synonym: angioma serpiginosum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential thrombocythaemia
A rare condition related to polycythaemia rubra vera characterised by the production of large numbers of abnormal platelets. ... Symptoms include haemorrhage, blood clots and enlargement of the spleen. Treatment varies according to the severity of the disease. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

essential thrombocytopenia
A primary form of thrombocytopenia, in contrast to secondary forms that are associated with metastatic neoplasms, tuberculosis, and leukaemia involving the bone marrow, or with direct suppression of bone marrow by the use of chemical agents, or with other conditions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essential tremor
<neurology> A tremor that is associated with purposeful movement or motor activity. Essential tremor is the most common form of tremor with no identifiable cause. Stress, anxiety and the use of stimulants (for example caffeine, decongestants) can often make the tremor worse. Treatment is usually not necessary for this benign condition. ... (27 …

Esser graft
Synonym for inlay graft ... A skin graft wrapped (raw side out) around a bolus of dental compound and inserted into a prepared surgical pocket. ... Synonym: epithelial inlay, Esser graft. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Esser operation
Synonym for inlay graft ... A skin graft wrapped (raw side out) around a bolus of dental compound and inserted into a prepared surgical pocket. ... Synonym: epithelial inlay, Esser graft. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Esser, Johannes
<person> Dutch surgeon, 1877-1946. ... See: Esser graft, Esser operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

essex-lopresti fracture
<radiology> Comminuted fracture of radial head, dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint, due to longitudinal compression force ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Essick, C
<person> 20th century U.S. Anatomist. ... See: Essick's cell bands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Essick's cell bands
Groups of cells in the developing rhombencephalon which migrate in two bands, one of which eventually forms the inferior olivary nucleus and the arcuate nucleus, and the other the pontine nuclei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Essig splint
A stainless steel wire passed labially and lingually around a segment of the dental arch and held in position by individual ligature wires around the contact areas of the teeth; used to stabilise fractured or repositioned teeth and the involved alveolar bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

EST
Synonym for Expressed Sequence Tag ... <molecular biology> Expressed sequence tags are sequence tagged sites derived from cDNAs. ... See: sequence tagged site. ... Acronym: EST ... (06 Aug 1998) ...

established cell line
Synonym for cell line ... <cell culture> A cell line is a permanently established cell culture that will proliferate indefinitely given appropriate fresh medium and space. ... Lines differ from cell strains in that they have escaped the Hayflick limit and become immortalised. Some species, particularly rodents, give rise to lines relatively eas …

Establishment License Application
<pharmacology> An application submitted concurrently with the Product License Application. The Establishment Licence Application provides data demonstrating the acceptability of the facilities and personnel for manufacturing of protein pharmaceuticals. ... Acronym: ELA ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

estate
1. Settled condition or form of existence; state; condition or circumstances of life or of any person; situation. 'When I came to man's estate.' 'Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate.' (Romans xii. 16) ... 2. Social standing or rank; quality; dignity. 'God hath imprinted his authority in several parts, upon several estates of me …

estazolam
<chemical> 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine. A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than diazepam or nitrazepam. ... Pharmacological action: anti-anxiety agents, anticonvulsants, gaba modulators, muscle relaxants, central, s …

ester
<chemistry> A general term for any organic molecule produced by combining an acid with an alcohol. ... A derivative of carboxylic acid (acid with a carboxyl group -COOH) which has the general formula RCOOR, where the R's stand for the same or different aliphatic groups (alkyl groups), aromatic groups (aryl groups), or hydrogen ions. ... (09 Oct …

esterase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of organic esters to release an alcohol or thiol and acid. The term could be applied to enzymes that hydrolyse carboxylate, phosphate and sulphate esters, but is more often restricted to the first class of substrate. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

esterases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.1. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

esterification
The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

esterified oestrogens
A mixture of the sodium salts of sulfate esters of oestrogenic substances; used for oral oestrogen therapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Estes operation
An operation for sterility in which a portion of an ovary is implanted on one uterine cornu. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Estes, William Jr
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1885-1940. ... See: Estes operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

estetrol
<chemical> Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,15 alpha,16 alpha,17 beta-tetrol. A metabolite of estradiol in man, with oestrogenic properties. ... Chemical name: Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,15,16,17-tetrol, (15alpha,16alpha,17beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

esthematology
The science concerned with the senses and sense organs. ... Origin: G. Aisthema, perception, + logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esthesia
Synonym: perception, sensitivity. ... Origin: G. Aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esthesic
Relating to the mental perception of the existence of any part of the body. ... Origin: G. Aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esthesio-
1. Sensation, perception. ... Origin: G. Aesthesis, sense perception ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esthesiodic
Conveying sensory impressions. ... Synonym: esthesodic. ... Origin: esthesio-+ G. Hodos, way ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esthesiodic system
A system of neurons and fibre tracts in the spinal cord and brain subserving sensation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esthesiogenesis
The production of sensation, especially of nervous erethism. ... Origin: esthesio-+ G. Genesis, origin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esthesiogenic
Producing a sensation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

esthesiography
1. A description of the organs of sense and of the mechanism of sensation. ... 2. Mapping out on the skin the areas of tactile and other forms of sensibility. ... Origin: esthesio-+ G. Graphe, a writing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...