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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


cyst, tarsal
Also called a chalazian or a Meibomian cyst, an inflammation of the oil gland of the eyelid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystacanth
The fully developed larva of Acanthocephala, infective to the final host and with an inverted fully formed proboscis characteristic of the adult worm. ... Origin: cyst-+ G. Akantha, thorn or spine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystadenocarcinoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognised.
cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous
A malignant cystic or semisolid tumour most often occurring in the ovary. Rarely, one is solid. This tumour may develop from a mucinous cystadenoma, or it may be malignant at the onset. The cysts are lined with tall columnar epithelial cells; in others, the epithelium consists of many layers of cells that have lost normal structure entirely. In the …

cystadenocarcinoma, papillary
An adenocarcinoma in which the tumour elements are arranged as finger-like processes or as a solid spherical nodule projecting from an epithelial surface. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystadenocarcinoma, serous
A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may …

cystadenoma
A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. In some instances, considerable portions of the neoplasm, or even the entire mass, may be cystic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystadenoma, mucinous
A multilocular tumour produced by the epithelial cells of the ovary and having mucin-filled cavities. The great majority of these tumours is benign. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystadenoma, papillary
A benign neoplasm of the ovary. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystadenoma, serous
A cystic tumour of the ovary, containing thin, clear, yellow serous fluid and varying amounts of solid tissue, with a malignant potential several times greater than that of mucinous cystadenoma (cystadenoma, mucinous). It can be unilocular, parvilocular, or multilocular. It is often bilateral and papillary. The cysts may vary greatly in size. ... (1 …

cystalgia
Pain in a bladder, especially the urinary bladder. ... Origin: cyst-+ G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystamine
<chemical> A radiation-protective agent that interferes with sulfhydryl enzymes. It may also protect against carbon tetrachloride liver damage. ... Pharmacological action: enzyme inhibitors, radiation-protective agents, sulfhydryl reagents. ... Chemical name: Ethanamine, 2,2'-dithiobis- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystaphos
<chemical> Proposed as an adjuvant to cancer chemotherapy; may have radiation protective properties. ... Pharmacological action: radiation-protective agents. ... Chemical name: Ethanethiol, 2-amino-, dihydrogen phosphate (ester), monosodium salt ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystathionase
Synonym for cystathionine gamma-lyase ... <enzyme> A multifunctional pyridoxal phosphate enzyme. In the final step in the biosynthesis of cysteine it catalyses the cleavage of cystathionine to yield cysteine, ammonia, and 2-ketobutyrate. ... Chemical name: L-Cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating) ... Registry number: EC 4.4.1.1 ... (12 Dec 19 …

cystathionine
<chemical> Chemical name: L-Homocysteine, S-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-, (R)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystathionine beta-lyase
<enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of l-cystathionine to pyruvate, l-homocysteine, and NH3. ... See: cystathionine gamma-lyase. ... Synonym: beta-cystathionase, cystine lyase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystathionine beta-synthase
<enzyme> A multifunctional pyridoxal phosphate enzyme. In the second stage of cysteine biosynthesis it catalyses the reaction of homocysteine with serine to form cystathionine with the elimination of water. ... Chemical name: L-Serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine) ... Registry number: EC 4.2.1.22 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystathionine gamma-lyase
<enzyme> A multifunctional pyridoxal phosphate enzyme. In the final step in the biosynthesis of cysteine it catalyses the cleavage of cystathionine to yield cysteine, ammonia, and 2-ketobutyrate. ... Chemical name: L-Cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating) ... Registry number: EC 4.4.1.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystathionine gamma-synthase
o-succinylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase ...

cystathioninuria
A disorder characterised by inability to metabolise cystathionine, normally due to deficiency of cystathionase, with high concentration of the amino acid in blood, tissue, and urine; mental retardation is an associated condition; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystatin
<protein> A group of natural cysteine protease inhibitors (approximately 13 kD) widely distributed both intra and extra cellularly. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cystatins
<chemical> A homologous group of endogenous cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Four distinct families are recognised within the cystatin superfamily: cystatin b or stefins; cystatin c or post-gamma-globulin; egg-white or chicken cystatin; and kininogen cystatin. The cystatins inhibit most cysteine proteinases of the papain type, and other peptid …

cysteamine
<chemical> A radiation-protective agent that oxidises in air to form cystamine. It can be given intravenously or orally to treat radiation sickness. The bitartrate has been used for the oral treatment of nephropathic cystinosis. ... Pharmacological action: radiation-protective agents. ... Chemical name: Ethanethiol, 2-amino- ... (12 Dec 1998) …

cystectasia
dilation of the bladder ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cystectasy
dilation of the bladder ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cystectomy
<surgery> The surgical removal of the bladder. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cysteic acid
<chemical> Beta-sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a c-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidised with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather. ... Chemical name: Alanine, 3-sulfo- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cysteine
<amino acid> The only amino acid to contain a thiol (SH) group. In intracellular enzymes the unique reactivity of this group is frequently exploited at the catalytic site. In extracellular proteins found only as _ cystine in disulphide bridges or fatty acylated. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cysteine aminopeptidase
<enzyme> Catalyses cysteine-peptide to yield cysteine and peptide ... Registry number: EC 3.4.11.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cysteine carboxypeptidase
<enzyme> An enzyme which removes the last peptide bond on a protein (the one at the carboxyl end). Its active site contains the sulphur part of the amino acid cysteine. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cysteine conjugate S-oxidase
<enzyme> Converts s-benzyl-l-cysteine to s-benzyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide; uses o2 and NADPH; may be a flavin-containing monooxygenase ... Registry number: EC 1.13.12- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cysteine conjugate transaminase
<enzyme> Generates thiopyruvates by deamination of cysteine conjugates leaving the r-s-c bond intact ... Registry number: EC 2.6.1.- ... Synonym: cysteine-conjugate alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cysteine desulfhydrase
Synonym for cystathionine gamma-lyase ... <enzyme> A multifunctional pyridoxal phosphate enzyme. In the final step in the biosynthesis of cysteine it catalyses the cleavage of cystathionine to yield cysteine, ammonia, and 2-ketobutyrate. ... Chemical name: L-Cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating) ... Registry number: EC 4.4.1.1 ... (12 Dec 19 …

cysteine desulfurase
<enzyme> Pyridoxal phosphate enzyme which catalyses the formation of l-alanine and elemental sulfur from cysteine; required for full activation of the metalloproteins of azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase ... Registry number: EC 4.4.1.- ... Synonym: nifs gene product, azotobacter, nifs protein, azotobacter ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cysteine proteinase
<enzyme> An enzyme that destroys proteins by hydrolysis, turning them back into individual amino acids. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cysteine proteinase inhibitors
Exogenous and endogenous compounds which inhibit cysteine proteinases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cysteine proteinases
<enzyme> Peptide hydrolases which have a cysteine involved in the catalytic process. This group of enzymes is inactivated by sulfhydryl reagents. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.22 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cysteine string protein
<protein> (CSPs) Peripheral membrane proteins that contain more than 10 palmitoylated cysteines and a DNA J homology domain. Nature 375:647 ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cysteine sulfinate desulfinase
<enzyme> Catalyses removal of elemental sulfur and selenium atoms from cysteine, cystine, selenocysteine and selenocystine to produce l-alanine. ... Registry number: EC 4.4.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cysteine sulfinic acid
-O2S-CH2CH (NH3)+COO-;a natural oxidation product of cysteine; an intermediate in the formation of taurine (via cysteic acid). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cysteine synthase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the biosynthesis of cysteine in microorganisms and plants from o-acetyl-l-serine and hydrogen sulfide. ... Chemical name: O(3)-Acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide) ... Registry number: EC 4.2.99.8 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cysteinyl
Aminoacyl radical of cysteine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase
<enzyme> Spna gene product isolated from bacillus subtilis ... Registry number: EC 6.1.1.16 ... Synonym: spna gene product, cysrs protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cysteinyldopa
<chemical> 5-s-cysteinyldopa. Found in large amounts in the plasma and urine of patients with malignant melanoma. It is therefore used in the diagnosis of melanoma and for the detection of postoperative metastases. Cysteinyldopa is believed to be formed by the rapid enzymatic hydrolysis of 5-s-glutathionedopa found in melanin-producing cells. …

cystic
1. Relating to the urinary bladder or gallbladder. ... 2. Relating to a cyst. ... 3. Containing cysts. ... Synonym: cystous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic acne
<dermatology> A form of acne which results from the bacterial infection of cysts deep within the skin. Generally requires treatment with antibiotics and other agents (Isotretinoin). Without treatment cystic acne may result in scarring. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cystic adnexal masses
<radiology> Ovarian cyst, mature follicle measures up to 2.5 cm at ovulation, corpus luteum cyst common in first 16 weeks of pregnancy, polycystic (Stein-Leventhal) disease, paraovarian cyst, Wolffian duct remnants in broad ligament, ovarian neoplasm, serous cystadenoma (most common benign ovarian tumour), mucinous cystadenoma (usually comple …

cystic artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, right branch of hepatic; distribution, gall bladder and visceral surface of the liver. ... Synonym: arteria cystica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis in which the bronchi end in blind sacs greater in diameter than the draining bronchi. ... See: saccular bronchiectasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic carcinoma
<tumour> A carcinoma in which true epithelium-lined cysts are formed, or degenerative changes may result in cystlike spaces. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic diathesis
A condition in which multiple cysts form in the liver, kidneys, and other organs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic disease of renal medulla
Presence of small cysts in the renal medulla associated with anaemia, sodium depletion, and chronic renal failure. It is of two types: 1) fatal autosomal recessive or juvenile type (also called familial juvenile nephrophthisis), beginning at about age 10 with an average duration of 6 to 8 years; 2) autosomal dominant or adult type, beginning at abo …

cystic duct
<anatomy> A bile duct that connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct. A gallstone that blocks the cystic duct can lead to inflammation and infection of the gallbladder. ... See: common bile duct. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cystic duct cholangiography
Radiography of the biliary system after introduction of contrast medium through the cystic duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic fibrosis
<chest medicine> A generalised disorder of infants, children and young adults, in which there is widespread dysfunction of the exocrine glands, characterised by signs of chronic pulmonary disease (due to excess mucus production in the respiratory tract), pancreatic deficiency, abnormally high levels of electrolytes in the sweat and occasional …

cystic fibrosis antigen
Now known to be MRP 8. ... See: calgranulins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cystic gall duct
The ductus leading from the gallbladder; it joins the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct. ... Synonym: ductus cysticus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic goiter
An enlargement in the thyroid region due to the presence of one or more cysts within the gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic hygroma
<radiology> Multiple cystic structures in nuchal region, lack of communication btw cervical lymphatics and venous system, unlike encephalocele: no cranial defect, no vertebral anomaly associated with: Turner syndrome, Roberts syndrome (single-gene disorder), Down syndrome ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystic hyperplasia
Formation of multiple retention cysts from obstruction of ducts or glands by hyperplasia of the lining epithelium, as in fibrocystic disease of the breast and metropathia haemorrhagica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic hyperplasia of the breast
Synonym for fibrocystic condition of the breast ... A benign disease common in women of the third, fourth, and fifth decades characterised by formation, in one or both breasts, of small cysts containing fluid which may appear as blue dome cysts; associated with stromal fibrosis and with variable degrees of intraductal epithelial hyperplasia and scle …

cystic kidney
A general term used to indicate a kidney that contains one or more cysts, including polycystic disease, solitary cyst, multiple simple cysts, and retention cysts (associated with parenchymal scarring). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic liver metastases
<radiology> Mucinous ovarian carcinoma, colonic carcinoma, sarcoma, melanoma, lung carcinoma, carcinoid tumour see: liver metastases ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystic lymph node
A lymph node at the neck of the gallbladder draining lymph into the hepatic nodes. ... Synonym: nodus cysticus, cystic node. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic lymphangiectasis
Synonym for lymphangioma cysticum ... A condition characterised by a fairly well circumscribed group of several or numerous, cystlike, dilated vessels or spaces lined with endothelium and filled with lymph. ... Synonym: cystic lymphangiectasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic medial necrosis
Loss of elastic and muscle fibres in the aortic media, with accumulation of mucopolysaccharide, sometimes in cystlike spaces between the fibres; a disease of unknown cause, which may be inherited and which predisposes to dissecting aneurysms. ... Synonym: Erdheim disease, medionecrosis aortae idiopathica cystica, medionecrosis of the aorta, mucoid m …

cystic mole
Synonym for hydatidiform mole ... <gynaecology, oncology, tumour> A relatively rare mass or tumour that can form within the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. The cause of hydatidiform mole is unknown. ... Symptoms include vaginal bleeding, uterine growth, nausea and vomiting. Some hydatidiform moles may become malignant (cancerous) where …

cystic node
Synonym for cystic lymph node ... A lymph node at the neck of the gallbladder draining lymph into the hepatic nodes. ... Synonym: nodus cysticus, cystic node. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic pelvic mass
<radiology> Physiologic ovarian cyst, The Big Three (ectopic, PID, endometriosis), ovarian neoplasm, nongynecologic mass ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystic polyp
A pedunculated cyst. ... Synonym: hydatid polyp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystic sellar mass
<radiology> Arachnoid cyst, cystic craniopharyngioma, dermoid / epidermoid ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystic vein
<anatomy, vein> Veins, usually anterior and posterior, which drain the neck of the gallbladder and cystic duct, along which they pass to enter the right branch of the portal vein; they communicate extensively with surrounding veins of the stomach, duodenum and pancreas. ... Synonym: vena cystica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cysticercoid
A larval tapeworm resembling a cysticercus but having a smaller bladder, containing little or no fluid, in which scolex of the future adult tapeworm is found; the larval form is typically found in insect intermediate hosts. ... Origin: cysti-+ G. Kerkos, tail, + eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cysticercosis
Infection with cysticerci, a larval form of tapeworm, taenia solium. In man they penetrate the intestinal wall and invade subcutaneous tissue, brain, eye, muscle, heart, liver, lung, and peritoneum. Brain involvement may result in epilepsy, increased intracranial pressure, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cysticercus
The larval form of various tapeworms of the genus taenia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Cysticercus bovis
The cysticercus larva of Taenia saginata in cattle; the cause of measly beef. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cysticercus cellulosae
The cysticercus larva of Taenia solum in pigs; also the cause of human cysticercosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cysticercus disease
Synonym for cysticercosis ... Infection with cysticerci, a larval form of tapeworm, taenia solium. In man they penetrate the intestinal wall and invade subcutaneous tissue, brain, eye, muscle, heart, liver, lung, and peritoneum. Brain involvement may result in epilepsy, increased intracranial pressure, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Cysticercus fasciolaris
The strobilocercus larva of Taenia taeniaeformis, found in the liver of mice, rats, and other rodents; adult worms infect cats and canids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cysticercus pisiformis
The larva of Taenia pisiformis; it occurs in the liver and abdominal cavity of rabbits and hares; adult worms are found in dogs and other canids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cysticercus tenuicollis
The cystic form of Taenia hydatigena; it is found in the liver and peritoneal cavity of sheep, cattle, pigs, and wild ruminants; adults are found in various predators. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystides
Plural of cystis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystifelleotomy
<procedure> An obsolete term for cholecystotomy. ... Origin: cysti-+ L. Felleus, pertaining to bile, + G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystiform
Synonym for cystoid ... 1. Bladder-like, resembling a cyst. ... Synonym: cystiform, cystomorphous. ... 2. A tumour resembling a cyst, with fluid, granular, or pulpy contents, but without a capsule. ... Origin: cysto-+ G. Eidos, appearance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystigerous
Synonym for cystopherous ... Containing cysts. ... Synonym: cystigerous, cystiphorous. ... Origin: cysto-+ G. Phoreo, to carry ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystinaemia
The presence of cystine in the blood. ... Origin: cystine + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystine
<amino acid> The amino acid formed by linking two cysteine residues with a disulphide linkage between the two SH groups. The analagous compound present within proteins is termed two half cysteines. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cystine bridge
Synonym for disulfide bridge ... A disulfide linkage between two cysteinyl residues in a poly-or oligopeptide or in a protein, any disulfide linkage between any thiol-containing moieties of a larger molecule. ... Synonym: cystine bridge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystine calculus
A calculus composed of cystine, soft and faintly radiopaque. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystine desulfhydrase
Synonym for cystathionine gamma-lyase ... <enzyme> A multifunctional pyridoxal phosphate enzyme. In the final step in the biosynthesis of cysteine it catalyses the cleavage of cystathionine to yield cysteine, ammonia, and 2-ketobutyrate. ... Chemical name: L-Cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating) ... Registry number: EC 4.4.1.1 ... (12 Dec 19 …

cystine disease
Synonym for cystinosis ... Lysosomal storage disorders of unknown molecular defect, characterised by widespread deposition of cystine crystals in reticuloendothelial cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystine lyase
Synonym for cystathionine beta-lyase ... <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of l-cystathionine to pyruvate, l-homocysteine, and NH3. ... See: cystathionine gamma-lyase. ... Synonym: beta-cystathionase, cystine lyase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystine storage disease
Synonym for cystinosis ... Lysosomal storage disorders of unknown molecular defect, characterised by widespread deposition of cystine crystals in reticuloendothelial cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystinosis
Lysosomal storage disorders of unknown molecular defect, characterised by widespread deposition of cystine crystals in reticuloendothelial cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystinotic leukocyte
A leukocyte having an enhanced content of cystine, found in patients with disorders characterised by the storage of cystine; within the leukocyte, the cystine, largely in noncrystalline form, is associated with dense lysosomal particles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystinuria
An inherited abnormality of renal tubular transport of dibasic amino acids leading to massive urinary excretion of cystine, lysine, arginine, and ornithine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cystinyl
Aminoacyl radical of cystine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystiphorous
Synonym for cystopherous ... Containing cysts. ... Synonym: cystigerous, cystiphorous. ... Origin: cysto-+ G. Phoreo, to carry ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystis
See: cyst, pouch, sac. ... Origin: G. Kystis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cystis fellea
Synonym for gallbladder ... <anatomy> A digestive organ which stores bile (produced in the liver), used in the digestion and absorption of fats in the duodenum. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...