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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

Cyathostomum
A genus of strongyle nematodes (family Cyasthostomidae, formerly part of the family Strongylidae); it includes many of the small strongyles of horses formerly placed in the genus Trichonema, which have been variously divided into a number of genera and subgenera. ... Origin: see Cyathostoma ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cybernetics
That branch of learning which brings together theories and studies on communication and control in living organisms and machines. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cybrid
A cell with cytoplasm from two different cells as a result of cell hybridization. ... Origin: cell + hybrid ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cycasin
<chemical> Carcinogenic and neurotoxic glycoside occurring in a number of plant species, including cycas revoluta. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens. ... Chemical name: beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (methyl-ONN-azoxy)methyl ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cycl-
See: cyclo-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclacillin
<chemical> A cyclohexylamido analog of penicillanic acid. ... Pharmacological action: penicillins. ... Chemical name: 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-(((1-aminocyclohexyl)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclamate
A salt or ester of cyclamic acid; the calcium and sodium are noncaloric artificial sweetening agents. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclamates
<chemical> Cyclamic acid and its calcium and sodium salts. They are intense sweetening agents, but have been banned in many countries because there is evidence that they may cause cancer. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclamic acid
A sweetening agent, usually used as sodium or calcium cyclamate. ... Synonym: cyclohexanesulfamic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclamide
Synonym for glycyclamide ... <drug> An oral hypoglycaemic agent. ... Chemical name: 1-Cyclohexyl-3-p-tolylsulfonylurea. ... Synonym: cyclamide, tolcyclamide, tolhexamide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclandelate
<chemical> A direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels. It may cause gastrointestinal distress and tachycardia. ... Pharmacological action: vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-hydroxy-, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclarbamate
1,1-cyclopentanedimethanol dicarbanilate;a tranquilliser with antispasmodic properties. ... Synonym: cyclopentaphene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclarthrodial
Relating to a cyclarthrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclarthrosis
A joint capable of rotation. ... Origin: cyclo-+ G. Arthrosis, articulation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclase
Descriptive name applied to an enzyme that forms a cyclic compound; e.g., adenylate cyclase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclazocine
<chemical> An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties. ... Pharmacological action: analgesics, non-narcotic, narcotic antagonists. ... Chemical name: 2,6-Methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol, 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cycle
A round or succession of observable phenomena, recurring usually at regular intervals and in the same sequence. ... Origin: Gr. Kyklos = circle ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cyclectomy
<procedure> Excision of a portion of the ciliary body. ... Synonym: ciliectomy. ... Origin: cyclo-+ G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclencephaly
Condition in a malformed foetus characterised by poor development and a varying degree of fusion of the two cerebral hemispheres. ... Synonym: cyclocephaly, cyclocephalia. ... Origin: cyclo-+ G. Enkephalos, brain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cycles per second
The number of successive compressions and rarefactions per second of a sound wave. The preferred designation for this unit of frequency is hertz. ... Acronym: cps ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclic
<chemistry> Pertaining to or occurring in a cycle or cycles, the term is applied to chemical compounds that contain a ring of atoms in the nucleus. ... Origin: Gr. Kyklikos ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cyclic adenylic acid
Synonym for adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate ... An activator of phosphorylase kinase and an effector of other enzymes, formed in muscle from ATP by adenylate cyclase and broken down to 5'-AMP by a phosphodiesterase; sometimes referred to as the 'second messenger.' A related compound (2',3') is also known. ... Synonym: cyclic adenylic acid, cycli …

cyclic albuminuria
A functional albuminuria sometimes observed intermittently in cycles of 12 to 36 hours' duration, chiefly in younger persons; the degree of albuminuria is usually slight. ... Synonym: recurrent albuminuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclic AMP
<molecular biology> 3'5' cyclic ester of AMP. The first second messenger hormone signalling system to be characterised. Generated from ATP by the action of adenyl cyclase that is coupled to hormone receptors by G-proteins (GTP-binding proteins). CAMP activates a specific (cAMP dependent) protein kinase and is inactivated by phosphodiesterase …

cyclic AMP receptor protein
A transcriptional regulator in prokaryotes which, when activated by binding cyclic AMP, acts at several promoters. Cyclic AMP receptor protein was originally identified as a catabolite gene activator protein. It was subsequently shown to regulate several functions unrelated to catabolism, and to be both a negative and a positive regulator of transc …

cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase
Enzymes which attach phosphate groups to the serine or tyrosine amino acids on proteins as a means of regulating the proteins' activity in metabolic reactions. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cyclic cmp
<chemical> Cytidine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). It is formed in mammalian tissue by the enzymatic conversion of cytidine triphosphate and may play a role in the bioregulation of proliferation of normal and malignant cells. ... Chemical name: Cytidine, cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclic compound
Any compound in which the constituent atoms, or any part of them, form a ring. Used mainly in organic chemistry where: 1) numerous compound's contain rings of carbon atoms (carbocyclic compound's) or carbon atoms plus one or more atoms of other types (heterocyclic compound's), usually nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; 2) where the atoms in the ring are …

cyclic esotropia
Periodic convergent strabismus often occurring every 48 hours. ... Synonym: alternate day strabismus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclic GMP
<molecular biology> 3'5' cyclic ester of GMP. A second messenger generated by guanylyl cyclase. ... See: ANP, Nitric oxide. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cyclic guanosine monophosphate
A cyclic version of the nucleotide guanosine monophosphate. It plays a role in communicating vision from the eyes to the brain. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cyclic haematopoiesis
An autosomal recessive, inherited immunodeficiency of gray collie dogs characterised by overwhelming recurrent bacterial infections, bleeding, and coat colour dilution. ... Synonym: gray collie syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclic imp
<chemical> Inosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). An inosine nucleotide which acts as a mild inhibitor of the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP and as an inhibitor of cat heart cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. ... Chemical name: Inosine, cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclic inositol phosphate
1, 2 cyclic derivatives of inositol phosphatide that are invariably formed during enzymic hydrolysis of phosphatidyl inositol species. Have been proposed as second messengers in hormone activated pathways. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cyclic neutropenia
Synonym for periodic neutropenia ... Neutropenia recurring at regular intervals (14 to 45 days), in association with various types of infectious diseases, e.g., stomatitis, cutaneous ulcers, furuncles, arthritis, and others. ... Synonym: cyclic neutropenia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclic nucleotide
A nucleoside monophosphate in which the phosphoryl group is linked twice to the sugar moiety; e.g., adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclic peptide
A peptide that forms a ring structure; e.g., tyrocidin A, an antibiotic, is a cyclic decapeptide; valinomycin is a cyclic depsipeptide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclic phosphate
Synonym for adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate ... An activator of phosphorylase kinase and an effector of other enzymes, formed in muscle from ATP by adenylate cyclase and broken down to 5'-AMP by a phosphodiesterase; sometimes referred to as the 'second messenger.' A related compound (2',3') is also known. ... Synonym: cyclic adenylic acid, cycli …

cyclic phosphoric acid
In general, a linear polymer of phosphoric acid residues in pyrophosphate linkage in which the a and &omega; residues are similarly linked to make one endless loop or cyclic compound, specifically, a generic term applied to compounds in which one phosphoric acid residue is esterified to two hydroxyl groups of a single carbon chain, as in adenos …

cyclic phosphorylation
Any process in which a phosphatide ester forms a cylic diester by linkage to a neighbouring hydroxyl group. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cyclic photophosphorylation
Process by which light energy absorbed by photosystem I in the chloroplast can be used to generate ATP without concomitant reduction of NADP or other electron acceptors. Energised electrons are passed from PS I to ferredoxin and thence along a chain of electron carriers and back to the reaction centre of PS I, generating ATP en route. ... (18 Nov 19 …

cyclic strabismus
A strabismus that appears and disappears in rhythym, most frequently at 48-hour intervals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclic uridine 3',5'-monophosphate
A cyclic nucleotide involved in metabolic regulation; inhibits the growth of some tumours. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclin
<protein> Proteins (A and B forms known) whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, rising steadily until mitosis, then falling abruptly to zero. As cyclins reach a threshold level, they are though to drive cells into G2 phase and thus to mitosis. Cyclins combine with p34 kinase (cdc2) to form maturation-promoting factor (M …

cyclin a
A 33-kD protein identical to adenovirus e1a-associated protein p60. Cyclin a regulates p33cdk2 and p34cdc2, and is necessary for progression through the s phase of the cell cycle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclin b
A 58-kD protein that is regulated post-transcriptionally and post-translationally in the cell cycle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclin d1
Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin d1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclin e
A 50-kD protein that complexes with cdk2 in the late g1 phase of the cell cycle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclin E-dependent kinase
<chemical> ... Synonym: cyce-h1k, cyce-dependent h1 kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cyclin-dependent kinases
Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with cyclins to achieve full enzymatic activity. Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclins
Regulatory proteins that function in the cell cycle to activate maturation-promoting factor. They complex with p34cdc2 (protein p34cdc2), the catalytic subunit of maturation-promoting factor, and modulate its protein kinase activity. Cyclins themselves have no enzymatic activity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclitis
Inflammation of the ciliary body. ... Origin: G. Kyklos, circle (ciliary body), + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclization
Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclizine
<chemical> A histamine h1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. ... Pharmacological action: antiemetics, histamine h1 antagonists. ... Chemical name: Piperazine, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-methyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclizine hydrochloride
1-Diphenylmethyl-4-methylpiperazine hydrochloride;an antihistamine agent useful in the prevention and relief of motion sickness and symptoms caused by vestibular disorders. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclizine lactate
An agent with the same use and action as the hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclo-
1. Combining forms relating to a circle or cycle; or denoting an association with the ciliary body. ... 2. In chemistry, a combining form indicating a continuous molecule, without end, or the formation of such a structure between two parts of a molecule. ... Origin: G. Kyklos, circle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride
1-Propanamine, 3-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-N,N-diemthyl-, hydrochloride;a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant used to relieve acute muscular spasms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclocephaly
Synonym: cyclencephaly. ... Origin: cyclo-+ G. Kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclochoroiditis
Inflammation of the ciliary body and the choroid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclocryotherapy
Transscleral freezing of the ciliary body in the treatment of glaucoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclocumarol
4-Hydroxycoumarin anticoagulant No. 63; a synthetic anticoagulant compound, related to bishydroxycoumarin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclodestructive
Relating to a procedure designed to damage the ciliary body in order to diminish the production of aqueous fluid in patients with glaucoma. ... See: cyclocryotherapy, cyclodiathermy, cyclophotocoagulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclodextrin
<protein> A cyclic oligomer of alpha-D-glucopyranose. The most common cyclodextrinsare alpha, beta and gamma cyclodextrin having 6, 7 and 8 glucopyranoseunits respectively. They occur naturally in starch digests of the bacteria Bacillus Macerans. With a hydrophobic interior cavity, they can complex small hydrophobic molecules while remaining …

cyclodextrin glucoamylase
<enzyme> From flavobacterium species ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cyclodextrins
A homologous group of cyclic glucans consisting of alpha-1,4 bound glucose units obtained by the action of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase on starch or similar substrates. The enzyme is produced by certain species of bacillus. Cyclodextrins form inclusion complexes with a wide variety of substances. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclodialysis
A treatment for glaucoma (a disease causing increased pressure in the eyeball) in which a passage is made between the suprachordial space and the anterior chamber of the eyeball to relieve pressure. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cyclodiathermy
Diathermy applied to the sclera adjacent to the ciliary body in the treatment of glaucoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cycloduction
Rotation of the eye around its visual axis. ... Synonym: circumduction, cyclotorsion. ... Origin: cyclo-+ L. Duco, pp. Ductus, to draw ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cycloelectrolysis
An obsolete procedure in which electrolysis is applied to the ciliary body to reduce ocular pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cycloeucalenol-obtusifol isomerase
<enzyme> Opens cyclopropane ring at c9-10 of ring b and forms a double bond between c8 and c9 ... Registry number: EC 5.3.3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cyclofenil
<chemical> A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhoea, but is thought to be less effective than clomiphene. ... Pharmacological action: fertility agents, female. ... Chemical name: Phenol, 4-((4-(acetyloxy)phenyl)cyclohexylidenemethyl)-, acetate ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cycloguanil pamoate
Chloroguanide triazine pamoate; 4,6-diamino-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-s-triazine pamoate;a long-acting antimalarial agent that prevents the growth or survival of the pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic parasites. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclohexadienyl dehydratase
<enzyme> From pseudomonas aeruginosa; catalyses both prephenate dehydratase and arogenate dehydratase reactions ... Registry number: EC 4.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cyclohexanes
A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula r-c6h11. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclohexanesulfamic acid
Synonym for cyclamic acid ... A sweetening agent, usually used as sodium or calcium cyclamate. ... Synonym: cyclohexanesulfamic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclohexanols
Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula r-c6h11o. They have a camphorlike odour and are used in making soaps, insecticide, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticisers. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclohexanone oxygenase
<enzyme> Requires NADPH and oxygen, forms epsilon-caprolactone ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... Synonym: cyclohexanone monooxygenase, flavoenzyme cyclohexanone monooxygenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cyclohexanones
Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclohexatriene
An obsolete term for benzene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cycloheximide
<drug> Antibiotic (MW 281) isolated from Streptomyces griseus. Blocks eukaryotic (but not prokaryotic) protein synthesis by preventing initiation and elongation on 80S ribosomes. Commonly used experimentally. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cyclohexitol
<chemical> A member of the vitamin B complex necessary for growth of yeast and of mice, absence from the diet causes hair loss and dermatitis in mice. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cyclohexylamines
A family of alicyclic hydrocarbons containing an amine group with the general formula r-c6h10nh2. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclohexylideneacetyl-CoA hydratase
<enzyme> From arthrobacter; forms (1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetyl-CoA ... Registry number: EC 4.2.1.- ... Synonym: ca-CoA-hydratase, cyclohexylideneacetyl-coenzyme a hydratase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cyclohexylsulfamic acid
Synonym for cyclamic acid ... A sweetening agent, usually used as sodium or calcium cyclamate. ... Synonym: cyclohexanesulfamic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cycloid
Suggesting cyclothymia; a term applied to a person who tends to have periods of marked swings of mood, but within normal limits. ... Origin: cyclo-+ G. Eidos, resembling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclol
A cyclic dipeptide postulated as occurring in proteins; it does occur in some of the ergot alkaloids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cycloleucine
<chemical> 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid. Amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. Has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities. Frequently encountered synonym: nsc-1026. ... Chemical name: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid, 1-amino- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclolysin
<protein> Protein from Bordetella pertussis that is both an adenylate cyclase and a haemolysin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cyclonamine
Synonym for ethamsylate ... <chemical> 2,5-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid compound with diethylamine (1:1). Benzenesulfonate derivative used as a systemic haemostatic. ... Pharmacological action: haemostatics. ... Chemical name: Benzenesulfonic acid, 2,5-dihydroxy-, compd. With N-ethylethanamine (1:1) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cyclone separator
A device used to remove particulate matter suspended in exhaust gases. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

cyclooxygenase
<enzyme> An enzyme protein complex present in most tissues that catalyses two steps in prostaglandin biosynthesis and produces prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. ... The cyclooxygenase activity converts arachidonate and 2O2 to prostaglandin G2; the hydroperoxidase activity uses glutathione to convert prostaglandin G2 to pro …

cyclooxygenase inhibitor
<pharmacology> Compounds or agents that combine with cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) and thereby prevent its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes. ... (08 Mar 2000) ...

cycloparaffins
Alicyclic hydrocarbons in which three or more of the carbon atoms in each molecule are united in a ring structure and each of the ring carbon atoms is joined to two hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups. The simplest members are cyclopropane (c3h6), cyclobutane (c4h8), cyclohexane (c6h12), and derivatives of these such as methylcyclohexane (c6h11ch3). ... …

cyclopea
Synonym for cyclopia ... A congenital defect in which the two orbits merge to form a single cavity containing one eye, its origin evidenced by fusion of the right and left optic primordia, and in which the nose is absent; usually combined with cyclencephaly. ... Synonym: cyclopea, synophthalmia, synophthalmus. ... Origin: G. Kyklops, fr. Kyklos, circl …

cyclopean
Synonym for cyclopian ... Denoting or relating to cyclopia. ... Synonym: cyclopean. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclopenta phenanthrene
<chemical> Phenanthrene, to the a side of which a three-carbon fragment is fused; as the perhydro (saturated) derivative, it is the basic structure of the steroids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclopentamine hydrochloride
<chemical> A sympathomimetic amine, similar in action to ephedrine. ... Chemical name: N,alpha-dimethylcyclopentaneethylamine hydrochloride; 1-cyclopentyl-2-methylaminopropane hydrochloride ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclopentane
<chemical> A closed ring alicyclic hydrocarbon containing five carbon atoms, isomeric with pentene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyclopentanone monooxygenase
<enzyme> From pseudomonas ncimb 9872; catalyses the conversion of cyclopentanone to 5-valerolactone in the presence of NADPH and oxygen ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.16 ... Synonym: cyclopentanone 1,2-monooxygenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...