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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

cytolymph
An obsolete term for hyaloplasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytolysin
A substance i.e., an antibody that effects partial or complete destruction of an animal cell; may require complement. ... See: perforin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytolysis
Cell lysis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cytolysosome
<cell biology> Membrane bounded region of cytoplasm that is subsequently digested. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cytolytic
Pertaining to cytolysis; possessing a solvent or destructive action on cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytoma
<oncology, tumour> General term for a cell tumour, such as a sarcoma. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cytomatrix
Synonym for cytoplasmic matrix ... A fluid cytoplasmic substance filling the interstices of the cytoskeleton. ... Synonym: cell matrix, cytomatrix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytomegalic
Describes a condition or disease characterised by abnormally enlarged cells. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cytomegalic cells
Cell's containing large intranuclear and intracytoplasmic cytomegalic inclusion bodies caused by cytomegalovirus; a member of the family Herpesviridae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytomegalic inclusion disease
<disease> An illness in newborns caused by viral infection, symptoms includefever, cellular enlargement, microscopically-visible clumps of viralparticles or proteins in the cytoplasm and nuclei of affected cells, enlargementof the spleen and liver. Long-term effects of the disease may includemental retardation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cytomegalovirus
<virology> Probably the most widespread of the Herpetoviridae group. ... Infected cells enlarge and have a characteristic inclusion body (composed of virus particles) in the nucleus. Causes disease only in utero (leading to abortion or stillbirth or to various congenital defects), although can be opportunistic in the immunocompromised host. …

cytomegalovirus disease
Synonym for cytomegalic inclusion disease ... <disease> An illness in newborns caused by viral infection, symptoms includefever, cellular enlargement, microscopically-visible clumps of viralparticles or proteins in the cytoplasm and nuclei of affected cells, enlargementof the spleen and liver. Long-term effects of the disease may includemental …

cytomegalovirus infections
Infection with cytomegalovirus, characterised by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cytomegalovirus polyradiculopathy
<neurology, pathology> Cytomegalovirus infection of the peripheral nerves and the spinal roots leading to generalised weakness and paralysis. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cytomegalovirus retinitis
<pathology> A complication of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in the immunocompromised individual (for example AIDS). ... Severe inflammatory changes in the retina result in blindness. Treatments include antiviral agents like foscarnet and gancyclovir. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cytomembrane
Synonym for cell membrane ... <cell biology> The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm and forming a selective permeability barrier. ... It consists of lipids, proteins and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees. ... Synonym: plasma membrane. ... (26 Mar 1 …

cytomere
The structure separating the portions of the contents of a large schizont in the course of schizogony, as in some of the sporozoans undergoing exoerythrocytic asexual division. Cytomeres are caused by complex invaginations of the surface of the schizont, which isolates them; ultimately, cytomere's complete the budding process in the formation of la …

cytometaplasia
Change of form or function of a cell, other than that related to neoplasia. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Metaplasis, transformation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytometer
A standardised, usually ruled glass slide or small glass chamber of known volume, used in counting and measuring cells, especially blood cells. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytometry
The counting of cells, especially blood cells, using a cytometer or haemocytometer. ... Flow cytometry, a method of measuring fluorescence from stained cells that are in suspension and flowing through a narrow orifice, usually in combination with one or two lasers to activate the dyes; used to measure cell size, number, viability, and nucleic acid c …

cytometry, flow
Analysis of biological material by detection of the light-absorbing or fluorescing properties of cells or subcellular fractions such as chromosomes passing in a narrow stream through a laser beam. Flow cytometry is used with automated sorting devices to sort successive droplets of the stream into different fractions depending on the fluorescence em …

cytomicrosome
See: microsome. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Mikros, small, + soma, body ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytomorphology
The study of the structure of cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytomorphosis
Changes that the cell undergoes during the various stages of its existence. ... See: prosoplasia. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Morphosis, a shaping ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cyton
<cell biology> The main part of a neuron cell (which consists of the main body plus a number of long extensions from it called axons, axon terminals, and dendrites). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cytopathic
<pathology> Causing disease symptoms in cells. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cytopathic effect
Degenerative changes in cells (especially in tissue culture) associated with the multiplication of certain viruses; when, in tissue culture, spread of virus is restricted by an overlay of agar (or other suitable substance) the cytopathic effect may lead to formation of plaque. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytopathogenic
Pertaining to an agent or substance that causes a diseased condition in cells, in contrast to histologic changes; used especially with reference to effects observed in cells in tissue cultures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytopathogenic effect, viral
Visible morphologic changes in cells infected with viruses. It includes shutdown of cellular RNA and protein synthesis, cell fusion, release of lysosomal enzymes, changes in cell membrane permeability, diffuse changes in intracellular structures, presence of viral inclusion bodies, and chromosomal aberrations. It excludes malignant transformation, …

cytopathogenic virus
A virus whose multiplication leads to degenerative changes in the host cell. ... See: cytopathic effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytopathologic
Cytopathological ... 1. Denoting cellular changes in disease. ... 2. Relating to cytopathology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytopathologist
A physician, usually skilled in anatomical pathology, who is specially trained and experienced in cytopathology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytopathology
1. The study of disease changes within individual cells or cell types. ... Synonym: exfoliative cytology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytopathy
Any disorder of a cell or anomaly of any of its constituents. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Pathos, disease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytopempsis
Synonym: transcytosis. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Pempis, sending through ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytopenia
<haematology> A reduction in the number of cells circulating in the blood. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

cytophaga
A genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria found in soil, decomposing organic matter, and freshwater and marine habitats. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cytophagaceae
A family of gram-negative, gliding bacteria found in soil and sea water. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cytophagales
An order of gram-negative, gliding bacteria showing gliding motility on solid surfaces. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cytophagous
Devouring, or destructive to, cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytophagy
Devouring of other cells by phagocytes. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Phago, to devour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytophanere
A radial spine seen in certain cysts of Sarcocystis, as in rabbit and sheep tissue cysts. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Phaneros, visible, evident, open ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytopharynx
An organelle in certain flagellates and ciliates that serves as a gullet through which food material passes from the cytostome to the cell interior; food passed is collected in food vacuoles, into which digestive enzymes are secreted. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytophil group
The atom group in the antibody (amboceptor) that binds it to the cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytophilic
<biology> Refers to substances which are attracted to binding cells, like cytophilic antibodies. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cytophilic antibody
Synonym for cytotropic antibody ... Antibody that has an affinity for certain kinds of cells, in addition to and unrelated to its specific affinity for the antigen that induced it, because of the properties of the Fc portion of the heavy chain. ... See: heterocytotropic antibody, homocytotropic antibody, cytotropic antibody test. ... Synonym: anaphyla …

cytophotometry
A method for the study of certain organic compounds within cells, in situ, by measuring the light intensities of the selectively stained areas of cytoplasm. The compounds studied and their locations in the cells are made to fluoresce and are observed under a microscope. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cytophylactic
Relating to cytophylaxis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytophylaxis
Protection of cells against lytic agents. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Phylaxis, a guarding ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytophyletic
Relating to the genealogy of a cell. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Phyle, a tribe ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytopipette
A slightly curved, blunt end pipette usually made of glass and fitted with a rubber bulb to provide gentle negative pressure for the collection of vaginal secretions for cytological examination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytoplasm
<cell biology> The protoplasm of a cell exclusive of that of the nucleus, it consists of a continuous aqueous solution (cytosol) and the organelles and inclusions suspended in it (phaneroplasm) and is the site of most of the chemical activities of the cell. ... Origin: Gr. Plasma ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

cytoplasmic
Relating to the cytoplasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytoplasmic antiproteinase
<chemical> An intracellular serine proteinase inhibitor; 376 amino acids, mw 38-43 kD; amino acid sequence given in first source ... Pharmacological action: serine proteinase inhibitors ... Synonym: human cap ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cytoplasmic bridge
<plant biology> Thin strand of cytoplasm linking cells as in higher plants, Volvox, between nurse cells and developing eggs and between developing sperm cells. ... Unlike gap junctions, allows the transfer of large macromolecules. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cytoplasmic bridges
Synonym for intercellular bridges ... Slender cytoplasmic strands connecting adjacent cells; in histological sections of the epidermis and other stratified squamous epithelia, the bridge's are processes attached by a desmosome and are shrinkage artifacts of fixation; true bridge's with cytoplasmic confluence exist between incompletely divided germ c …

cytoplasmic gene
<molecular biology> A gene which occurs outside the nucleus of an eukaryote or outside the regular chromosomes of a bacteria. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cytoplasmic granules
Stored products of a cell's metabolic activity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
See: inclusion bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytoplasmic inheritance
<genetics> Inheritance of parental characters through a nonchromosomal means, thus mitochondrial DNA is cytoplasmically inherited since the information is not segregated at mitosis. ... In a broader sense the organisation of a cell may be inherited through the continuity of structures from one generation to the next. It has often been speculat …

cytoplasmic matrix
A fluid cytoplasmic substance filling the interstices of the cytoskeleton. ... Synonym: cell matrix, cytomatrix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytoplasmic membrane
<cell biology> The membrane that surrounds a cells cytoplasm, separating it from the environment. It consists of a double layer of phospholipids and has proteins embedded in it. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cytoplasmic streaming
<cell biology> Bulk flow of the cytoplasm of cells. most conspicuous in large cells such as amoebae and the internodal cells of Chara where the rate of movement may be as high as 100 m/sec. ... See: cyclosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cytoplasmon
The total extranuclear genetic information of a eukaryotic cell excluding that of mitochondria and plastids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytoplast
<cell biology> Fragment of cell with nucleus removed (in karyoplast), usually achieved by cytochalasin B treatment followed by mild centrifugation on a step gradient. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cytopoiesis
Formation of cells. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Poiesis, a making ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytopreparation
Laboratory preparation of a cellular specimen for cytologic examination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytoproct
<cell biology> Cell anus: region at posterior of a ciliate where exhausted food vacuoles are expelled. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cytoprotection
The process by which chemical compounds provide protection to cells against harmful agents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cytopyge
The anal orifice (cell 'anus') found in certain structurally complex protozoa, such as the rumen-dwelling ciliates of herbivores, through which waste matter is ejected. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Pyge, buttocks ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytoreductive therapy
Therapy with the intention of reducing the number of cells in a lesion, usually a malignancy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytoryctes
Cytorrhyctes ... Old term for inclusion bodies. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Oryktes, a digger ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytosides
Ceramide disaccharides. ... See: glycosphingolipid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytosine
<biochemistry> Pyrimidine base found in DNA and RNA. Pairs with guanine. Glycosylated base is cytidine. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cytosine arabinoside
A synthetic nucleoside used as an antimetabolite in the treatment of neoplasms. ... Incorrect term for arabinosylcytosine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytosine ribonucleoside
Synonym for cytidine ... <biochemistry> Nucleoside consisting of D ribose and the pyrimidine base cytosine. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cytosine-DNA glycosidase
<enzyme> Acts on uv-irradiated DNA at modified cytosine residues which are not pyrimidine dimers ... Registry number: EC 3.2.2.- ... Synonym: cytosine-DNA glycosylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cytosis
1. A condition in which there is more than the usual number of cells, as the cytosis of spinal fluid in acute leptomeningitis. ... 2. Frequently used with a prefixed combining form as a means of describing certain features pertaining to cells; e.g., isocytosis, equality in size; polycytosis, abnormal increase in number. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. -osis, c …

cytoskeletal proteins
Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cytoskeleton
<cell biology> That part of the cytoplasm that remains when organelles and internal membrane systems are removed. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cytosmear
Synonym for cytologic smear ... A type of cytologic specimen made by smearing a sample (obtained by a variety of methods from a number of sites), then fixing it and staining it, usually with 95% ethyl alcohol and Papanicolaou stain. ... Synonym: cytosmear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytosol
<cell biology> The fluid portion of a cells cytoplasm. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cytosol non-specific dipeptidase
<enzyme> Also referred to as peptidase a (see synonym to penicillopepsin, EC 3.4.23.20) ... Registry number: EC 3.4.13.- ... Synonym: glycyl-l-leucine hydrolase, glycylleucine dipeptidase, gly-leu dipeptide peptidase, dipeptide hydrolase, glycyl-leucine dipeptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cytosolic
Relating to or contained in the cytosol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytosome
<cell biology> A specialised region of various protozoans in which phagocytosis is likely to occur. ... Often there is a clear concentration of microtubules or/and microfilaments in the region of the cytostome. In ciliates there may be a specialised arrangement of cilia around the cytostome. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cytostasis
The slowing of movement and accumulation of blood cells, especially polymorphonuclear leukocytes, in the capillaries, as in a region of inflammation; obstruction of a capillary as the result of accumulated leukocytes. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Stasis, standing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytostatic
<pharmacology> An agent that suppresses cell growth and multiplication. ... Origin: Gr. Statikos = bringing to a stand still ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cytostome
The cell 'mouth' of certain complex protozoa, usually with a short gullet or cytopharynx leading food into the organism, where it is collected into food vacuoles, then circulated inside the body, eventually to be excreted through the cytopyge. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytotactic
Relating to cytotaxis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytotactin
<protein> See tenascin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cytotaxis
The movement of a cell toward or away from some sort of stimulus. (The stimulus would then be called the cytotaxin). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cytothesis
The repair of injury in a cell; the restoration of cells. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Thesis, a placing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytotoxic
<pharmacology> Chemicals that are directly toxic to cells, preventing their reproduction or growth. Cytotoxic agents can, as a side effect, damage healthy, noncancerous tissues or organs which have a high proportion of actively dividing cells, for example, bone marrow, hair follicles. These side effects limit the amount and frequency of drug …

cytotoxic cell
Synonym for suppressor cells ... Cells of the immune system that inhibit or help to terminate an immune response, e.g., suppressor macrophages and suppressor T-cells. ... Synonym: cytotoxic cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cytotoxic drugs
<pharmacology> Anti-cancer drugs which act by killing or preventing the division of cells. ... See: chemotherapy. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

cytotoxic reaction
An immunologic (allergic) reaction in which noncytotropic IgG or IgM antibody combines with specific antigen on cell surfaces; the resulting complex initiates the activation of complement which causes cell lysis or other damage, or which, in the absence of complement, may lead to phagocytosis or may enhance T lymphocyte involvement. ... (05 Mar 2000 …

cytotoxic T-cell
<haematology, immunology> Subset of T lymphocytes (mostly CD8) responsible for lysing target cells and for killing virus infected cells (in the context of Class I histocompatibility antigens). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cytotoxic t-lymphocyte
A type of CD8 or, less often, CD4 lymphocyte that kills diseased cells infected by a specific virus or other intracellular microbe. CTLs interact with MHC class I receptors (see Major Histocompatibility Complex). On infected cells and have the prime role in cellmediated immunity (see). Cytovene: ... See: Ganciclovir. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cytotoxicity
The quality or state of being cytotoxic. ... Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), a form of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity that functions only if antibodies are bound to the target cell. ... Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, the toxic or lytic activity of T-lymphocytes, which may or may not be mediated by antibodies. Cytotoxic T ly …

cytotoxicity tests, immunologic
The demonstration of the cytotoxic effect on a target cell of a lymphocyte, a mediator released by a sensitised lymphocyte, an antibody, or complement. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...