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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


toroidal magnetic cusps
A hybrid confinement scheme operating at high beta. A region of closed toroidal magnetic flux with high-beta plasma is separated by a narrow sheath from the surrounding field, which contains externally produced poloidal components arranged in a toroidal line-cusp configuration. Plasma migrating to the outer sheath is temporarily mirror-confined bef …

Toronto formula
For pulmonary artery banding, a technique that provides a general guide for the size of the band relative to the patient's weight. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torovirus
A genus of the family coronaviridae characterised by enveloped, peplomer-bearing particles containing an elongated tubular nucleocapsid with helical symmetry. Toroviruses have been found in association with enteric infections in horses (berne virus), cattle (breda virus), and humans. Transmission takes place probably via the faecal-oral route. ... ( …

torovirus infections
Infections with viruses of the genus torovirus, family coronaviridae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

torpedo
Origin: L. Torpedo, -inis, from torpere to be stiff, numb, or torpid. See Torpid. ... 1. <zoology> Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes belonging to Torpedo and allied genera. They are related to the rays, but have the power of giving electrical shocks. Called also crampfish, and numbfish. See Electrical fish, under Electrical.
torpent
Synonym: torpid. ... 2. A benumbing agent. ... Origin: L. Torpeo, pres. P. -ens, to be sluggish ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torpid
Inactive; sluggish. ... Synonym: torpent. ... Origin: L. Torpidus, fr. Torpeo, to be sluggish ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torpidity
Synonym for torpor ... Inactivity, sluggishness. ... Synonym: torpidity. ... Origin: L. Sluggishness, numbness ... Torpor retinae, an obsolete term for a form of nyctalopia, the retina responding only to bright luminous stimuli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torpor
Inactivity, sluggishness. ... Synonym: torpidity. ... Origin: L. Sluggishness, numbness ... Torpor retinae, an obsolete term for a form of nyctalopia, the retina responding only to bright luminous stimuli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torr
<physics> A unit of measure of pressure, 760 Torr is standard pressure at sea level ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

Torre, Douglas
<person> U.S. Dermatologist, *1919. ... See: Torre's syndrome, Muir-Torre syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Torre's syndrome
<syndrome> Multiple sebaceous gland neoplasms associated with multiple visceral malignancies. ... Synonym: Muir-Torre syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torrefaction
Parching or drying by heat; a pharmaceutical operation for rendering drugs friable. ... Origin: L. Torre-facio, pp. -factus, to make dry by heat, fr. Torreo, to parch ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torrefy
1. To dry by a fire. ... 2. <chemistry> To subject to scorching heat, so as to drive off volatile ingredients; to roast, as ores. ... 3. <pharmacology> To dry or parch, as drugs, on a metallic plate till they are friable, or are reduced to the state desired. ... Origin: L. Torrere to parch + -fy: cf. F. Torrefier, L. Torrefacere ... Alterna …

Torricelli
Evangelista, Italian scientist, 1608-1647. ... See: torr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torricellian
Of or pertaining to Torricelli, an Italian philosopher and mathematician, who, in 1643, discovered that the rise of a liquid in a tube, as in the barometer, is due to atmospheric pressure. See Barometer. Torricellian tube, a glass tube thirty or more inches in length, open at the lower end and hermetically sealed at the upper, such as is used in th …

torrid
1. Parched; dried with heat; as, a torrid plain or desert. 'Barca or Cyrene's torrid soil.' ... 2. Violenty hot; drying or scorching with heat; burning; parching. 'Torrid heat. ... <geography>' Torrid zone, that space or board belt of the earth, included between the tropics, over which the sun is vertical at some period of every year, and the h …

torsade de pointes
Twisting of the points a form of ventricular tachycardia nearly always due to medications and characterised by a long QT interval and a 'short-long-short' sequence in the beat preceding its onset. The QRS complexes during this rhythm tend to show a series of complexes points up followed by complexes points down often with a narrow waist between. At …

torsades de pointes
<cardiology> An atypical rapid ventricular tachycardia with periodic waxing and waning of amplitude of the QRS complexes on the electrocardiogram, it may be self limited or may progress to ventricular fibrillation. ... (Fr. Fringe of pointed tips ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

torsatron
<radiobiology> A modification of the stellarator concept, the torsatron has a toroidal non-axisymmetric configuration, and rotational transform is provided by external coils. Unlike a stellarator, however, both toroidal and poloidal fields are generated by helical fields alone, with half the number of helical conductors required for a stellar …

torsiometer
An obsolete term for an instrument for measuring ocular torsion, cycloductions, and cyclophorias. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torsion
1. <surgery> A type of mechanical stress, whereby the external forces (load) twist an object about its axis. ... 2. <ophthalmology> Any rotation of the vertical corneal meridians. ... Origin: L. Torsio, torquere = to twist ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

torsion disease of childhood
Synonym for dystonia musculorum deformans ... A genetic, environmental, or idiopathic disorder, usually beginning in childhood or adolescence, marked by muscular contractions that distort the spine, limbs, hips, and sometimes the cranial-innervated muscles. The abnormal movements are increased by excitement and, at least initially, abolished by slee …

torsion dystonia
A form of dystonia known as early-onset torsion dystonia (also called idiopathic or generalised torsion dystonia) that begins in childhood around the age of 12. Symptoms typically start in one part of the body, usually in an arm or leg, and eventually spread to the rest of the body within about 5 years. Early-onset torsion dystonia is not fatal, bu …

torsion fracture
A fracture resulting from twisting of the limb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torsion neurosis
Synonym for dysbasia lordotica progressiva ... An affection characterised by lordoscoliosis of the lower portion of the vertebral column, occurring when the patient stands or walks and usually disappearing when the patient lies down. ... Synonym: torsion neurosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torsion of a tooth
Rotation of a tooth in its socket. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torsion of appendage
Torsion of testis or epididymis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torsion of testis
Rotation producing ischemia of testis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torsion spasm
Synonym for dystonia ... <clinical sign, neurology> Disordered tonicity of muscle. ... Origin: Gr. Tonos ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

torsion testis
Synonym for spermatic cord ... <anatomy> A group of structures which go through the inguinal canal to the testis. The structures include the vas deferens, arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

torsional deformity
In orthopedics, a deformity caused by rotation of a portion of an extremity with relationship to the long axis of the entire extremity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torsionometer
A device for measuring the degree of rotation of the spinal column. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torsive occlusion
Synonym for torsiversion ... A malposition of a tooth in which it is rotated on its long axis. ... Synonym: torsive occlusion, torsoclusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torsiversion
A malposition of a tooth in which it is rotated on its long axis. ... Synonym: torsive occlusion, torsoclusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torso
Drosophila gene encoding a receptor tyrosine kinase, required for specification of the terminal regions of the embryo. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

torsoclusion
1. Acupressure performed by entering the needle in the tissues parallel with the artery, then turning it so that it crosses the artery transversely, and passing it into the tissues on the opposite side of the vessel. ... Synonym: torsiversion. ... Origin: L. Torqueo, to twist, + claudo or cludo, to close ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Torsten Sjogren's syndrome
Synonym for Marinesco-Garland syndrome ... <syndrome> A rare neurologic disorder characterised by cerebellolental degeneration with mental retardation; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: cataract-oligophrenia syndrome, Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome, Torsten Sjogren's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torticollar
Relating to or marked by torticollis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torticollis
<neurology> A wry neck, a contracted state of the cervical muscles, producing twisting of the neck and an unnatural position of the head. ... Origin: L. Tortus = twisted, collum = neck ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

torticollis spastica
Stiff neck due to spasm of the neck muscles. ... Synonym: intermittent torticollis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torticollis, spasmodic
Spasmodic torticollis, or torticollis, is the most common of the focal dystonias. In torticollis, the muscles in the neck that control the position of the head are affected, causing the head to twist and turn to one side. In addition, the head may be pulled forward or backward. Called wry neck. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tortipelvis
Twisted pelvis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tortoise
1. <zoology> Any one of numerous species of reptiles of the order Testudinata. ... The term is applied especially to the land and fresh water species, while the marine species are generally called turtles, but the terms tortoise and turtle are used synonymously by many writers. See Testudinata, Terrapin, and Turtle. ... 2. Same as Testudo. Box …

tortrix
1. <zoology> Any one of numerous species of small moths of the family Tortricidae, the larvae of which usually roll up the leaves of plants on which they live; also called leaf roller. ... 2. <zoology> A genus of tropical short-tailed snakes, which are not venomous. One species (Tortrix scytalae) is handsomely banded with black, and is s …

tortuous
1. Bent in different directions; wreathed; twisted; winding; as, a tortuous train; a tortuous train; a tortuous leaf or corolla. 'The badger made his dark and tortuous hole on the side of every hill where the copsewood grew thick.' (Macaulay) ... 2. Deviating from rectitude; indirect; erroneous; deceitful. 'That course became somewhat lesstortuous, …

tortuous aorta
<radiology> Hypertension, aortic insufficiency (not AS), coarctation, cystic medial necrosis (Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos, homocystinuria), premature atherosclerosis (chronic renal disease, hypercholesterolaemia) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

torture
The intentional infliction of physical or mental suffering upon an individual or individuals, including the torture of animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

toruli tactiles
Synonym for tactile elevations ... Small areas in the skin of the palms and soles especially rich in sensory nerve endings. ... Synonym: toruli tactiles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toruloma
Synonym: cryptococcoma. ... Origin: fr. Torula, old name for Cryptococcus, + G. -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Torulopsis
A genus of yeasts with smaller blastoconidia (2 to 4 nm) with a wide attachment to the parent cell; the species Torulopsis glabrata is the causative agent of torulopsosis, usually in compromised hosts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torulopsosis
An usually opportunistic infection caused by Torulopsis glabrata and seen in patients with severe underlying disease or in immunocompromised patients; the pattern of disease may be bronchopulmonary, genitourinary, or septicaemic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torulus
A minute elevation or papilla. ... Origin: L. Dim. Of torus, a protuberance, swelling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torus
Structure found at the centre of a bordered pit, especially in conifers, forming a thickened region of the pit membrane. When subjected to a pressure gradient, it seals the pit by pressing against the pit border. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

torus fracture
A deformity in children consisting of a local bulging caused by the longitudinal compression of the soft bone; it occurs commonly in the radius or ulna or both. ... Synonym: folding fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torus frontalis
A slight prominence on the frontal bone at the root of the nose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torus levatorius
Synonym for levator cushion ... The bulge in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, below the opening of the auditory tube, produced by the levator veli palatini muscle. ... Synonym: torus levatorius, levator swelling. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torus manus
Archaic term for the carpal bones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torus occipitalis
An occasional ridge near the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torus tubarius
A ridge in the naso-pharyngeal wall posterior to the opening of the auditory (eustachian) tube, caused by the projection of the cartilaginous portion of this tube. ... Synonym: eustachian cushion, tubal prominence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torus uretericus
Synonym for interureteric fold ... A fold of mucous membrane extending from the orifice of the ureter of one side to that of the other side. ... Synonym: plica interureterica, bar of bladder, Mercier's bar, plica ureterica, torus uretericus, ureteric fold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

torus uterinus
A transverse ridge on the back part of the cervix of the uterus, formed by the junction of the rectouterine folds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

TOS
<abbreviation> Thoracic outlet syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tospovirus
A genus of plant viruses in the family bunyaviridae. Tomato spotted wilt virus is the type species and only confirmed member, but there are many other possible members. Transmission occurs by at least nine species of thrips. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

toss
1. To throw with the hand; especially, to throw with the palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward; as, to toss a ball. ... 2. To lift or throw up with a sudden or violent motion; as, to toss the head. 'He tossed his arm aloft, and proudly told me, He would not stay.' (Addison) ... 3. To cause to rise and fall; as, a ship tossed on the waves in a s …

tossing
1. The act of throwing upward; a rising and falling suddenly; a rolling and tumbling. ... 2. <chemical> A process which consists in washing ores by violent agitation in water, in order to separate the lighter or earhy particles; called also tozing, and treloobing, in Cornwall. A process for refining tin by dropping it through the air while mel …

tosyl
Toluenesulfonyl radical, widely used to block amino groups in the course of organic syntheses of drugs and other biologically active compounds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tosylarginine methyl ester
<chemical> N(2)-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-l-arginine, methyl ester. Arginine derivative which is a substrate for many proteolytic enzymes. As a substrate for the esterase from the first component of complement, it inhibits the action of c(l) on c(4). ... Chemical name: L-Arginine, N2-((4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl)-, methyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tosylate
USAN-approved contraction for p-toluenesulfonate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone
<chemical> An inhibitor of serine proteinases. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process. ... Pharmacological action: alkylating agents, protein synthesis inhibitor, serine proteinase inhibitors. ... Chemical name: Benzenesulfonamide, N-(5-amino-1-(chloroacetyl)pentyl)-4-methyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

total
Whole; not divided; entire; full; complete; absolute; as, a total departure from the evidence; a total loss. ' Total darkness.' 'To undergo myself the total crime.' Total abstinence. See Abstinence. Total depravity. ... See Original sin, under Original. ... Synonym: Whole; entire; complete. See Whole. ... Origin: F, fr. LL. Totalis, fr. L. Tolus all,w …

total aphasia
Synonym for global aphasia ... In which all aspects of speech and communication are severely impaired. at best, patients can understand or speak only a few words or phrases; they cannot read or write. ... Synonym: mixed aphasia, total aphasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total ascertainment
Method by which all members of a population at risk of a trait are discerned or equally likely to be contained in a sample thereof. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total body hypothermia
The deliberate reduction of total body temperature, in order to reduce tissue metabolism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total body irradiation
Radiotherapy often given in several doses prior to bone marrow transplantation with the aim of killing any residual leukaemia in the patient. It is used in conjunction with high-dose anti-cancer drugs. The procedure and its side-effects will be discussed individually with the patient. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

total body water
The sum of intracellular water and extracellular water (volume). About 60% of body weight. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total breech extraction
Delivery of a foetus in breech presentation with complete extraction of the entire foetal body from the uterus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total cataract
A cataract involving the entire lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total catecholamine test
A fluorometric determination of catecholamines in 24-hr urine specimens; elevated values are seen in patients with pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma; spurious elevations may be seen due to excretion products of medication containing adrenaline, tetracyclines, quinidine, and some antihypertensive agents; false-positive elevations may be seen in per …

total cell count
Number of cells in a given area or volume. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total cholesterol
A combination of the LDL, HDL and VLDL levels in the bloodstream. This is the cholesterol measurement that is given by the standard home cholesterol test kit. Less than 200 is desirable, 200 to 239 is considered borderline high, over 240 is considered high. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

total cleavage
Synonym for holoblastic cleavage ... Cleavage in which the blastomeres are completely separated; the entire egg participates in cell division. ... Synonym: complete cleavage, total cleavage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total cystectomy
<procedure> Removal of the entire bladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total dissolved solids
A measure of inorganic and organic materials dissolved in water (passing through a 0.45 micron filter), expressed as mg/l FR. Sometimes considered similar to conductivity as an indicator of potential production in habitat quality indices. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

total elasticity of muscle
The combined effect of physical and physiologic elasticity of muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total end-diastolic diameter
Cross sectional diameter of the left ventricle including the septum and posterior wall thicknesses in diastole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total end-systolic diameter
Cross sectional diameter of the left ventricle including the septum and posterior wall thicknesses in systole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total energy
The sum of kinetic and potential energy's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total facial index
Length is measured from the nasion to the mental tubercle: (nasimental length &times; 100)/bizygomatic width. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total fertility rate
<epidemiology> The number of children an average women would have assuming that she lives her full reproductive lifetime. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

total haematuria
Uniform mixing of blood in the entire voided urine, commonly indicating an upper or mid-urinary tract source of bleeding. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total hyperopia
That which can be determined after complete paralysis of accommodation by means of a cycloplegic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total hysterectomy
<procedure> Complete surgical removal of the uterus and cervix. Also called a complete hysterectomy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

total iron binding capacity
<biochemistry, haematology> A test that measures indirectly the transferrin level in the bloodstream. ... Transferrin is a protein that carries iron in the body. Normal values are 240 to 450 mcg/dl. This test is used to evaluate anaemia. Greater than normal total iron binding capacity can be seen in: iron deficiency anaemia, late pregnancy and …

total joint arthroplasty
Arthroplasty in which both joint surfaces are replaced with artificial materials, usually metal and high-density plastic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total keratoplasty
Corneal transplant in which the entire cornea is removed and replaced. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total knee joint replacement
Surgery involving the replacement of the knee joint with artificial components which reestablishes normal joint function. Indicated in cases of severe knee fracture or degenerative arthritis (DJD) unresponsive to medical therapy. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

total lung capacity
The volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration. It is the equivalent to each of the following sums: vital capacity plus residual volume; inspiratory capacity plus functional residual capacity; tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus functional residual capacity; tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume pl …

total mastectomy
Synonym for simple mastectomy ... <procedure> Excision of the breast including the nipple, areola, and most of the overlying skin. ... Synonym: total mastectomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

total necrosis
Complete necrosis of the cytologic and histologic elements in a portion of tissue, as in caseous necrosis, death of an entire organ or part. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...