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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197
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transloconThe complex of proteins associated with the translocation of nascent polypeptides into the cisternal space of the endoplasmic reticulum. The translocon is a multi functional complex involved in regulating the interaction of ribosomes with the endoplasmic reticulum as well as regulating translocation and the integration of membrane proteins in the c …
translucentPartially transparent; permitting light to pass through diffusely. ... Origin: L. Translucens, fr. Trans-+ luceo, to shine through ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
translumbar aortographyEarly method of aortography by injection into the abdominal aorta through a needle just below the twelfth rib and four fingerbreadths to the left of the spinal processes of the vertebrae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transmembraneThrough or across a membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transmembrane potentialSynonym for membrane potential ... <physiology> More correctly, transmembrane potential difference: the electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane. ... See: resting potential, action potential. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transmembrane protein<cell biology> A protein subunit in which the polypeptide chain is exposed on both sides of the membrane. The term does not apply when different subunits of protein complex are exposed at opposite surfaces. most integral membrane proteins are also transmembrane proteins. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
transmembrane transducerA system that transmits a chemical or electrical signal across a membrane. Usually involves a transmembrane receptor protein that is thought to undergo a conformation change that is expressed on the inner surface of the membrane. Many such transducing species are dimeric and the conformation change may involve interaction between the two components …
transmethylaseSynonym for methyltransferase ... <enzyme> That transfers a methyl group from S adenosyl methionine to a substrate. most commonly encountered in bacterial chemotaxis where the methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) become methylated in the course of adaptation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transmethylationTransfer of a methyl group from one compound to another; e.g., l-homocysteine is converted to l-methionine by the transfer to the latter of a methyl group. ... See: methionine synthase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transmethylation factorSynonym for choline ... <biochemistry> Esterified in the head group of phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin) and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Otherwise a biological source of methyl groups. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transmigrationMovement from one site to another; may entail the crossing of some usually limiting barrier, as in the passage of blood cells through the walls of the vessels (diapedesis). ... Origin: L. Trans-migro, pp. -atus, to remove from one place to another ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transmissibleCapable of being transmitted (carried across) from one person to another, as a transmissible disease, an infectious or contagious disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transmissible dementiaSynonym for creutzfeldt-jakob disease ... <infectious disease> A very rare form of encephalopathy thought to be caused by a virus (slow-virus), termed a prion. There is little known about the mode of transmission. Human to human transmission has occurred through the use of contaminated brain electrodes and transplantation of infected tissues. …
transmissible enteritisSynonym for bluecomb disease of turkeys ... An acute or chronic disease of young turkeys caused by bluecomb virus, with diarrhoea, loss of weight, and often cyanosis of the head. ... Synonym: mud fever, transmissible enteritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transmissible mink encephalopathy<virology> Unconventional type of slow virus infection, similar to kuru, scrapie and Creutzfeldt Jakob disease. ... See: prion. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transmissible plasmidSynonym for conjugative plasmid ... Self-transmissible plasmid, a plasmid which encodes all the functions needed for its own intercellular transmission by conjugation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transmissible venereal tumourSynonym for canine venereal granuloma ... A rapidly growing, soft, easily bleeding, infectious, connective tissue tumour occurring in the vagina of the female dog and on the penis and sheath of the male; ordinarily transmitted by coitus. ... Synonym: transmissible venereal tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transmission1. <microbiology, physiology> A passage or transfer, as of a disease from one individual to another or of neutral impulses from one neuron to another. ... 2. <genetics> The communication of inheritable qualities from parent to offspring ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transmission breakpoint<epidemiology> A critical average worm burden below which the mating frequency is too low to maintain a dioecious parasite species. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
transmission electron microscopy<technique> Those forms of electron microscopy in which electrons are transmitted through the object to be imaged, suffering energy loss by diffraction and to a small extent by absorption. ... Acronym: TEM ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transmission microscope<instrument, optics> A microscope in which the image-forming rays pass through (are transmitted by) the specimen being observed. Refers to both light and electron microscopes. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
transmission threshold<epidemiology> Occurs for a parasite when the basic reproductive rate Ro is equal to 1. Below this threshold level the disease is unable to maintain itself within the host population. Typically, for directly transmitted parasites there is a transmission threshold for the host population size. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
transmit1. To cause to pass over or through; to communicate by sending; to send from one person or place to another; to pass on or down as by inheritance; as, to transmit a memorial; to transmit dispatches; to transmit money, or bills of exchange, from one country to another. 'The ancientest fathers must be next removed, as Clement of Alexandria, and that …
transmittance<radiobiology> Ratio of the radiant power transmitted by an object to the incident radiant power. ... See: reflectivity. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transmitted light<microscopy> The usual method for illuminating transparent microscopic specimens. The light is concentrated on the specimen by the substage condenser. Objects appear in outline (refraction images) or coloured on a bright field (colour images). ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
transmuralThrough any wall, as of the body or of a cyst or any hollow structure. ... Origin: trans-+ L. Murus, wall ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transmural myocardial infarctionInfarction that involves the whole thickness of the heart muscle from endocardium to epicardium. ... Synonym: through-and-through myocardial infarction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transmural pressurePressure across the wall of a cardiac chamber or of a blood vessel. In the heart, transmural pressure is the resultant of the intracavitary pressure minus the extracavitary (i.e., pericardial) pressure and is the distending, i.e., true filling, pressure of the cardiac chamber of measurement when this is done during diastole. Since the pericardial p …
transmutation<radiobiology> Transformation of atoms of one element into atoms of another element via nuclear reactions. (for example, the transmutation of uranium-238 into plutonium-239 via the absorption of a neutron and subsequent beta emission.) ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transneuronal atrophySynonym for transsynaptic degeneration ... An atrophy of nerve cells following damage to the axons that make synaptic connection with them; noted especially in the lateral geniculate body. ... Synonym: transneuronal atrophy, transsynaptic chromatolysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transnexus channelA hexagonal 15-20A° hydrophilic channel capable of transporting small ions between cardiac muscle cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transocularAcross the eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transom1. A horizontal crossbar in a window, over a door, or between a door and a window above it. Transom is the horizontal, as mullion is the vertical, bar across an opening. ... 2. One of the principal transverse timbers of the stern, bolted to the sternpost and giving shape to the stern structure; called also transsummer. ... 3. The piece of wood or iro …
transonanceTransmission of a sound arising in one organ through another. ... Origin: trans-+ L. Sonans, sounding ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transonicIn ultrasound, describes a region of a relatively unattenuating medium. A distinction should be made between a transonic region and an acoustic echo. ... Origin: trans-+ sonic ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transorbital leukotomySynonym for transorbital lobotomy ... <procedure> Lobotomy by an approach through the roof of the orbit, behind the frontal sinus. ... Synonym: transorbital leukotomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transorbital lobotomy<procedure> Lobotomy by an approach through the roof of the orbit, behind the frontal sinus. ... Synonym: transorbital leukotomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transosseous venographyRadiographic demonstration of veins that drain a bone's marrow, by injection of contrast medium into the marrow at an appropriate point, as in vertebral venography or azygography by rib injection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transovarial transmissionPassage of parasites or infective agents from the maternal body to eggs within the ovaries; commonly used to describe certain arthropods, to explain the ability of larvae of the next generation to transmit disease pathogens, as with the infection of larval mites or ticks with rickettsiae or viruses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transparent dentinSynonym for sclerotic dentin ... Dentin characterised by calcification of the dentinal tubules as a result of injury or normal aging. ... Synonym: transparent dentin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transparent septumA thin plate of brain tissue, containing nerve cells and numerous nerve fibres, that is stretched like a flat, vertical sheet between the column and body of fornix below, the corpus callosum above and anteriorly; it is usually fused in the median plane with its partner on the opposite side so as to form a thin, median partition between the left and …
transparent ulcer of the corneaAn obsolete term for an ulcer of the cornea, occurring usually in children, that heals without opacity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transparietalThrough or across a parietal region, area, or structure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transpeptidase<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of an amide linkage between a free amino group and a carbonyl group within an existing peptide linkage. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transpeptidation<molecular biology> The formation of peptide bonds betweent the short peptides present in the cell wall polymer, peptidoglycan. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transperitonealThrough the peritoneum; e.g., denoting a nephrectomy performed by abdominal section. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transphosphatasesSynonym for phosphotransferases ... <enzyme> A rather large group of enzymes that transfers a phosphate group from a donor to an acceptor. They are important in metabolism and comprise not only those transferring phosphate but also diphosphate, nucleotidyl residues, and others. These have also been subdivided according to the acceptor group.< …
transphosphorylasesSee: phosphotransferases, phosphorylases, kinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transphosphorylationA reaction involving the transfer of a phosphoric group from one compound to another, often with the involvement of ATP, as by the action of a phosphotransferase or kinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transpirableCapable of transpiring or being transpired. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transpirationLoss of water vapour from land plants into the atmosphere, causing movement of water through the plant from the soil to the atmosphere via roots, shoot and leaves. Occurs mainly through the stomata. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transpire1. <physiology> To pass off in the form of vapor or insensible perspiration; to exhale. ... 2. <botany> To evaporate from living cells. ... 3. To escape from secrecy; to become public; as, the proceedings of the council soon transpired. 'The story of Paulina's and Maximilian's mutual attachment had transpired through many of the travelers …
transplacentalCrossing the placenta. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transplant1. To remove, and plant in another place; as, to transplant trees. ... 2. To remove, and settle or establish for residence in another place; as, to transplant inhabitants. 'Being transplanted out of his cold, barren diocese of St. David into a warmer climate.' (Clarendon) ... Origin: F. Transplanter, L. Transplantare; trans across, over + plantare to …
transplant lung syndrome<syndrome> A syndrome associated with fever and diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltration mainly at the base or at the hilum of the lung; can accompany rejection of an organ (kidney) transplant or follow a reduction in dosage of an immunosuppressive drug. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transplantarAcross the sole of the foot; denoting certain muscular fibres or ligamentous structures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transplantation<surgery> The grafting of tissues taken from the patients own body or from another. ... Origin: L. Plantare = to plant ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transplantation antigen<immunology> Any antigen that is antigenically active in graft rejection. In practice the major histocompatibility complex and the H Y antigens and to a lesser extent minor histocompatibility antigens. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transplantation chimeraAn organism that, as a result of transplantation of donor genetic material, consists of two or more cell lines descended from at least two zygotes. This state results in the induction of donor-specific transplantation tolerance. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transplantation conditioningPreparative treatment of transplant recipient with various conditioning regimens including radiation, immune sera, chemotherapy, and/or immunosuppressive agents, prior to transplantation. Transplantation conditioning is very common before bone marrow transplantation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transplantation geneticsGenetics as applied to the transplanting of tissues from one animal to another. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transplantation immunologyA general term for the complex phenomena involved in allo- and xenograft rejection by a host and graft vs host reaction. Although the reactions involved in transplantation immunology are primarily thymus-dependent phenomena of cellular immunity, humoral factors also play a part in late rejection. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transplantation of corneaSynonym for keratoplasty ... corneal transplant ...
transplantation reaction<immunology> The set of cellular phenomena observed after an allogeneic (mismatched) graft is made to an organism that leads to destruction, detachment or isolation of the graft. In mammals this includes the invasion and destruction of the graft by cytotoxic lymphocytes, inhibition of angiogenesis and other processes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transplantation, autologousTransplantation from another site in or on the body of the individual receiving it. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transplantation, heterologousTransplantation between animals of different species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transplantation, heterotopicTransplantation of tissue typical of one area to a different recipient site. The tissue may be autologous, heterologous, or homologous. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transplantation, homologousTransplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transplantation, isogeneicTransplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transplantsOrgans, tissues, or cells taken from the body for grafting into another area of the same body or into another individual. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transpleuralThrough the pleura or across the pleural cavity; on the other side of the pleura. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transporionic axisAn imaginary line connecting the upper central points of the external auditory meatuses; used in radiographic cephalometry. ... See: porion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transport<radiobiology> Refers to processes which cause heat energy, or particles, or something else, to flow out of the plasma and cease being confined. Diffusion partly determines the rate of transport. Energy losses from a plasma due to transport processes are a central problem in fusion energy research. ... See: classical transport, neoclassical tr …
transport antibioticA substance that makes biomembranes permeable to certain ions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transport diseasesSingle gene defect diseases in which there is an inability to transport particular small molecules across membranes. ... Examples are aminoacidurias such as cystinuria, iminoglycinuria, Hartup disease, Fanconi disease. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transport hostSynonym for paratenic host ... An intermediate host in which no development of the parasite occurs, although its presence may be required as an essential link in the completion of the parasite's life cycle; e.g., the successive fish host's that carry the plerocercoid of Diphyllobothrium latum, the broad fish tapeworm, to larger food fish eventually …
transport mediumA medium for transporting clinical specimens to the laboratory for examination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transport numberThe fraction of the total current carried through a solution by a particular type of ion present in that solution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transport protein<protein> A class of transmembrane protein that allows substances to cross plasma membranes far faster than would be possible by diffusion alone. A major class of transport proteins expend energy to move substances (active transport), these are transport ATPases. ... See: facilitated diffusion, symport, antiport. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transport tetanyAn acute disease seen in cattle and sheep during and shortly after shipping; it appears most often in females in advanced pregnancy and is believed to be precipitated by stress, lack of food and water, and perhaps heat. ... Synonym: railroad disease, railroad sickness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transport vesicle<cell biology> Vesicles that transfer material from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the receiving face of the Golgi. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transportaseSynonym for transport protein ... <protein> A class of transmembrane protein that allows substances to cross plasma membranes far faster than would be possible by diffusion alone. A major class of transport proteins expend energy to move substances (active transport), these are transport ATPases. ... See: facilitated diffusion, symport, antipor …
transportationThe means of moving persons, animals, goods, or materials from one place to another. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transportation of patientsConveying ill or injured individuals from one place to another. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transporterProteins that go completely through a cell membrane and carry specific nutrients, ions, etc. Across the membrane. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transposable elementSynonym for transposon ... <molecular biology> Small, mobile DNA sequences that can replicate and insert copies at random sites within chromosomes. They have nearly identical sequences at each end, oppositely oriented (inverted) repeats and code for the enzyme, transposase, that catalyses their insertion. ... Bacteria have two types of transpos …
transposaseSynonym for transposon ... <molecular biology> Small, mobile DNA sequences that can replicate and insert copies at random sites within chromosomes. They have nearly identical sequences at each end, oppositely oriented (inverted) repeats and code for the enzyme, transposase, that catalyses their insertion. ... Bacteria have two types of transpos …
transpose1. To change the place or order of; to substitute one for the other of; to exchange, in respect of position; as, to transpose letters, words, or propositions. ... 2. To change; to transform; to invert. 'Things base and vile, holding no quantity, Love can transpose to form and dignity.' (Shak) ... 3. <mathematics> To bring, as any term of an equ …
transposition<molecular biology> The movement of a piece of DNA around the chromosome (from one gene to another part of the genome), usually through the function of a transposable element. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transposition of arterial stemsSynonym for transposition of the great vessels ... Congenital malformation in which the aorta arises from the morphologic right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the morphologic left ventricle resulting in two separate and parallel circulations. The condition is lethal unless some communication exists between the systemic and pulmonic circulat …
transposition of great vessels<embryology> A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the aorta arises entirely from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is recirculated by the right ventricle via the aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs. …
transposition of the great vesselsCongenital malformation in which the aorta arises from the morphologic right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the morphologic left ventricle resulting in two separate and parallel circulations. The condition is lethal unless some communication exists between the systemic and pulmonic circulation after birth; otherwise, unoxygenated venous bl …
transposon<molecular biology> Small, mobile DNA sequences that can replicate and insert copies at random sites within chromosomes. They have nearly identical sequences at each end, oppositely oriented (inverted) repeats and code for the enzyme, transposase, that catalyses their insertion. ... Bacteria have two types of transposon, simple transposons tha …
transposon mutagenesis<molecular biology> Insertion of a transposon into a gene, this inactivates the host gene leading to a mutant phenotype and also confers the phenotype associated with the transposon gene. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transpulmonary pressureThe difference between the pressure of the respired gas at the mouth and the pleural pressure around the lungs, measured when the airway is open; thus, it includes not only the transmural pressure of the lung but also any drop in pressure along the tracheobronchial tree during flow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transpyloric planeA horizontal plane midway between the superior margins of the manubrium sterni and the symphysis pubis; the pylorus is not usually located on this plane in life. ... Synonym: planum transpyloricum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transsectionSynonym for transection ... 1. A cross section. ... 2. Cutting across. ... Synonym: transsection. ... Origin: trans-+ L. Seco, pp. Sectus, to cut ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transsegmentalAcross or through a segment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transseptalAcross or through a septum; on the other side of a septum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transseptal fibresNonelastic fibre's running from tooth to tooth over the crest of the alveolus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...