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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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transferrin<haematology, protein> A protein that carries iron in the bloodstream (80 kD) found in mammalian serum, a beta globulin. ... Binds ferric iron with a Kass of around 21 at pH 7.4, 18.1 at pH 6.6. An important constituent of growth media. ... Transferrin receptors on the cell surface bind transferrin as part of the transport route of iron into ce …
transferring enzymesSynonym for transferases ... <enzyme> Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme 'donor:acceptor group transferase'. ... Registry number: EC 2. ... …
transfigure1. To change the outward form or appearance of; to metamorphose; to transform. ... 2. Especially, to change to something exalted and glorious; to give an ideal form to. '[Jesus] was transfigured before them; and his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light.' (Matt. Xvii. 2) ... Origin: F. Transfigurer, L. Transfigurare, trans …
transfixTo pierce with a sharp instrument. ... Origin: L. Trans-figo, pp. -fixus, to pierce through, fr. Figo, to fasten ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transfixionA manoeuvre in amputation in which the knife is passed from side to side through the soft parts, close to the bone, and the muscles are then divided from within outward. ... Origin: L. Transfixio (see transfix) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transfixion sutureA criss-cross stitch so placed as to control bleeding from a tissue surface or small vessel when tied; a suture used to fix the columella to the nasal septum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transformTo be changed in form; to be metamorphosed. 'His hair transforms to down.' (Addison) ... 1. To change the form of; to change in shape or appearance; to metamorphose; as, a caterpillar is ultimately transformed into a butterfly. 'Love may transform me to an oyster.' (Shak) ... 2. To change into another substance; to transmute; as, the alchemists sough …
transformantIn prokaryotes, a cell that has been genetically altered through the uptake of foreign DNA. In higher eukaryotes, a cultured cell that has acquired a malignant phenotype. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transformasome<cell biology> Membranous extension responsible for binding and uptake of DNA, found on the surface of transformation competent Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transformation<chemistry> The change of form or structure, conversion from one form to another. ... <oncology> The change that a normal cell undergoes as it becomes malignant. In eukaryotes, the conversion of normal cells to malignant cells in cell culture. ... Origin: L. Formatio = formation ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transformation constantSynonym for decay constant ... <physics, radiobiology> The fraction of the amount of a radionuclide that undergoes transition per unit time. Formally: ... Lamda=dP/dt ... Where dP is the probability of a given nucleus undergoing spontaneous nuclear transition in the time interval dt. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...
transformation efficiencyThe number of bacterial cells that uptake and express plasmid DNA divided by the mass of plasmid used (in transformants/microgram). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transformation zoneZone on the cervix at which squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium meet; changes location in response to a woman's hormonal status. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transformation, bacterialThe heritable modification of the properties of a competent bacterium by DNA from another bacterial strain. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transformation, geneticThe unidirectional transfer and incorporation of foreign DNA by prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells and the subsequent recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome. (glossary of genetics: classical and molecular, 5th ed) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transformed cellSynonym for transformation ... <chemistry> The change of form or structure, conversion from one form to another. ... <oncology> The change that a normal cell undergoes as it becomes malignant. In eukaryotes, the conversion of normal cells to malignant cells in cell culture. ... Origin: L. Formatio = formation ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transformed lymphocyteSee: lymphocyte transformation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transforming agentSynonym for mitogen ... A substance which is able to induce mitosis of certain eukaryotic cells. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transforming factorThe DNA responsible for bacterial transformation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transforming gene<molecular biology> Genes, originally of tumour viruses, responsible for their ability to transform cells. The term now serves as an operational definition of oncogenes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transforming growth factor<growth factor> Proteins secreted by transformed cells that can stimulate growth of normal cells. ... Unfortunate misnomer, since they induce aspects of transformed phenotype, such as growth in semi solid agar, but do not actually transform. ... Transforming growth factor alpha, 50 amino acid polypeptide originally isolated from viral transform …
transforming growth factor alphaFactor isolated in a variety of tissues including epithelium, and maternal decidua. It is closely related to epidermal growth factor (epidermal growth factor-urogasterone) and binds to the egf receptor. Tgf-alpha acts synergistically with tgf-beta in inducing phenotypic transformation, but its physiological role is unknown. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transforming growth factor betaFactor synthesised in a wide variety of tissues including platelets, placenta, and both normal and transformed cell lines. It acts synergistically with tgf-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. Tgf-beta also has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone …
transforming growth factors<chemical> Hormonally active polypeptides that can induce the transformed phenotype when added to normal, non-transformed cells. They have been found in culture fluids from retrovirally transformed cells and in tumour-derived cells as well as in non-neoplastic sources. Their transforming activities are due to the simultaneous action of two ot …
transforming oncogene<molecular biology> A gene that upon transfection converts a previously immortalised cell to the malignant phenotype. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transforming virus<molecular biology, virology> Viruses capable of inducing malignant transformation of animal cells in culture. Among the Oncovirinae, nondefective viruses that lack oncogenes can induce tumours such as leukaemias in animals, but cannot transform in vitro. On acquisition of oncogenes they become (acute) transforming viruses. ... (18 Nov 1997)
transfuse
1. To pour, as liquid, out of one vessel into another; to transfer by pouring. ... 2. <medicine> To transfer, as blood, from the veins or arteries of one man or animal to those of another. ... 3. To cause to pass from to another; to cause to be instilled or imbibed; as, to transfuse a spirit of patriotism into a man; to transfuse a love of lett …
transfusion
<haematology> The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. ... Compare: infusion. ... Origin: L. Transfusio ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transfusion hepatitis
Synonym for viral hepatitis type B ... A virus disease with a long incubation period (usually 50 to 160 days), caused by hepatitis B virus, a DNA virus and member of the family Hepadnoviridae, usually transmitted by injection of infected blood or blood derivatives or by use of contaminated needles, lancets, or other instruments; clinically and patho …
transfusion nephritis
Renal failure and tubular damage resulting from the transfusion of incompatible blood; the haemoglobin of the haemolyzed red cells is deposited as casts in the renal tubules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transfusion reaction
A reaction to a blood transfusion secondary to some incompatibility in type, RH factor or other surface antigens. May be manifest by haemolytic anaemia, heart failure, and-or renal failure. ... Symptoms include facial flushing, angioedema, headache, wheezing, anaphylaxis, shock, fever, chills and breathing difficulty. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
transgelin
<protein> Transformation and shape change sensitive isoform of 21 kD actin binding protein. Highly conserved (as far back as yeast), binds F actin (1:6 transgelin:G actin) and causes gelation. Similar, but not identical, to calponin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transgene
DNA integrated into the germ line of transgenic organisms. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transgenes
Foreign genes that are introduced into an organism by injecting the genes into newly fertilised eggs. Some of the animals that develop from the injected eggs (animals, transgenic) will carry the foreign genes in their genomes and will transmit them to their progeny. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transgenic
<molecular biology> This term describes an organism that has had genes from another organism put into its genome through recombinant DNA techniques. ... Origin: Gr. Gennan = to produce ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transgenic animal
Genetically engineered animalor offspring of genetically engineeredanimals. The transgenic animal usually contains material from at leaseone unrelated organism, such as from a virus, plant, or other animal. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transgenic disease models
Animals that have been created to acquire particular human diseases. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...
transgenic mice
Mice that have a piece of foreign lincor DNA integrated into their genome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transgenic organism
<molecular biology> Organisms that have integrated foreign DNA into their germ line as a result of the experimental introduction of DNA. Recombinant DNA techniques are commonly used to produce a transgenic organism. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
transgenic plant
Genetically engineered plantor offspring of genetically engineered plants. The transgenic plant usually contains material from at least one unrelated organisms, such as from a virus, animal, or other plant. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transglucosylase
Synonym for glucosyltransferase ... <enzyme> An enzyme which transfers residues of glucose (a sugar) to acceptor molecules. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transglutaminase
<enzyme> An important extracellular enzyme that catalyses the formation of an amide bond between side chain glutamine and side chain lysine residues in proteins with the elimination of ammonia. The linkage is stable and plays an important role in many extracellular assembly processes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transglycosidation
The transfer of a glycosidically bound sugar to another molecule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transglycosylase
Synonym for glycosyltransferase ... <enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl group to an acceptor. ... Most often another carbohydrate molecule acts as an acceptor, but inorganic phosphate can also act as an acceptor, such as in the case of phosphorylases. Some of the enzymes in this group also catalyze hydrolysis, which can be r …
transglycosylation
Transfer of a glycosidically bound sugar to another hydroxyl group. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transhiatal
By way of a hiatus; said of a surgical procedure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transhiatal oesophagectomy
<procedure> Resection of the oesophagus by blunt dissection from a cervical incision from above and transhiatal approach through an abdominal incision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transhydrogenase
<enzyme> Direct transfer of a hydrogen atom from NADH to NADPH as catalysed by enzymes in mitochondria from liver or heart. ... (14 May 1997) ...
transient
1. Short-lived; passing; not permanent; said of a disease or an attack. ... 2. A short-lived cardiac sound having little duration (less than 0.12 second) as distinct from a murmur; e.g., first, second, third, and fourth heart sounds, clicks, and opening snaps. ... Origin: L. Transeo, pres. P. Transiens, to cross over ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transient acantholytic dermatosis
A pruritic papular eruption, with histologic suprabasal acantholysis, of the chest, with scattered lesions of the back and lateral aspects of the extremities, lasting from a few weeks to several months; seen predominantly in males over 40. ... Synonym: Grover's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transient agammaglobulinaemia
Synonym for transient hypogammaglobulinaemia of infancy ... A type of primary immunodeficiency that occurs in infants of both sexes, usually before the sixth month of life, probably resulting from immaturity of lymphoid tissue. ... Synonym: transient agammaglobulinaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transient albuminuria
Albuminuria of a temporary or short-lived nature. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transient global amnesia
A memory disorder seen in middle aged and elderly persons characterised by an episode of amnesia and bewilderment which persists for several hours; during the episode the patient has a memory defect for present and recent past events, but is fully alert, oriented, capable of high-level intellectual activity, and has a normal neurological examinatio …
transient ischaemic attack
A transient ischaemic attack is a temporary paralysis, numbness, speech difficulty or other neurologic symptoms that start suddenly and recovers within 24 hours (typically resolve over several hours). ... See: neurologic symptoms, stroke. ... Acronym: TIA ... (26 Mar 1998) ...
transient ischemic attack
A sudden focal loss of neurological function with complete recovery usually within 24 hours; caused by a brief period of inadequate perfusion in a portion of the territory of the carotid or vertebral basilar arteries. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transient retinopathy
Synonym for Purtscher's retinopathy ... Transient traumatic retinal angiopathy due to a sudden rise in venous pressure, as in compression of the body from seat belt injury; ocular fundi show large white patches associated with the retinal veins about the disk or macula, haemorrhages, and retinal oedema; thought to be due to fat embolism from bone ma …
transients and migrants
Mobile, short-term residents who move usually to find work. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transiliac
Extending from one ilium or iliac crest or spine to the other. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transilient
Jumping across; passing over; pertaining to those cortical association fibres in the brain that pass from one convolution to another nonadjacent one. ... Origin: L. Trans-silio, to leap across, fr. Salio, to leap ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transillumination
<clinical sign> The inspection of an organ by passing a light through the tissues. Transmission of the light varies with different tissue densities. ... (14 May 1997) ...
transin
<enzyme> Protease secreted by carcinoma cells: carboxy terminal domain has distant homology to haemopexin (hem binding protein) and the N terminal domain has the proteolytic activity. May be involved in digestion of extracellular matrix. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transinsular
Across the insula or island of Reil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transischiac
Extending from one ischium to the other. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transisthmian
Across any isthmus; specifically, across the isthmus of the fornicate gyrus, denoting the gyrus transitivus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transit
An act, process or instance of passing or journeying across, through or over. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transition
1. Passage from one place or state to another; charge; as, the transition of the weather from hot to cold. 'There is no death, what seems so is transition.' (Longfellow) ... 2. A direct or indirect passing from one key to another; a modulation. ... 3. A passing from one subject to another. '[He] with transition sweet, new speech resumes.' (Milton) …
transition electron
An electron that moves from one energy level to another to fill a vacancy in a shell, with the emission of characteristic radiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transition mutation
A point mutation involving substitution of one base-pair for another, i.e., replacement of one purine for another and of one pyrimidine for another pyrimidine without change in the purine-pyrimidine orientation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transition probability model
A model to account for the apparently random variation in cell cycle time between individual animal tissue cells in culture that postulates that transition from G1 to s phase is probabilistic. Contrasts with hypotheses that require the accumulation of critical levels of particular proteins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transition protein
<molecular biology> In spermatogenesis, group of proteins that displace histones from nuclear DNA and that are in turn displaced by protamines to produce the transcriptionally inactive nuclear DNA characteristic of the sperm nucleus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transition state
The activated state of a molecule that has partly undergone a chemicalreaction. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transition state intermediate
In a chemical reaction, an unstable and high-energy configuration assumed by reactants on the way to making products. Enzymes are thought to bindand stabilise the transition state, thus lowering the energy of activation needed to drive the reaction to completion. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
transition temperature
<chemistry> The temperature at which there is a transition in the organisation of, for example: the phospholipids of a membrane where the transition temperature marks the shift from fluid to more crystalline. Usually determined by using an Arrhenius plot of activity against the reciprocal of absolute temperature, the transition temperature be …
transitional
Relating to or marked by a transition; transitory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transitional cell
Any cell thought to represent a phase of development from one form to another. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transitional cell carcinoma
Cancer that develops in the lining of the renal pelvis. This type of cancer also occurs in the ureter and the bladder. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
transitional cell papilloma
<tumour> A benign papillary tumour of transitional epithelium; in the urinary tract, frequently called transitional cell carcinoma, grade 1, because of the likelihood of its recurrence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transitional convolution
Synonym for transitional gyrus ... A small convolution connecting two lobes or two main gyri in the depth of a sulcus. ... Synonym: annectent gyrus, transitional convolution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transitional denture
A partial denture which is to serve as a temporary prosthesis to which teeth will be added as more teeth are lost, and which will be replaced after postextraction tissue changes have occurred; a transitional denture may become an interim denture when all of the teeth have been removed from the dental arch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transitional element
<cell biology> Region at the boundary of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. Transport vesicles are responsible for the transfer of secretory proteins from this part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi system. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transitional endoplasmic reticulum
Synonym for transitional element ... <cell biology> Region at the boundary of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. Transport vesicles are responsible for the transfer of secretory proteins from this part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi system. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transitional epithelium
A highly distensible pseudostratified epithelium with large polyploid superficial cells that are cuboidal in the relaxed state but broad and squamous in the distended state; occurs in the kidney, ureter, and bladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transitional gyrus
A small convolution connecting two lobes or two main gyri in the depth of a sulcus. ... Synonym: annectent gyrus, transitional convolution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transitional leukocyte
Old term for a monocyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transitional zone
The equatorial region of the lens of the eye where the anterior epithelial cells become transformed into lens fibres, that portion of a scleral contact lens between the corneal and scleral sections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
transitory
Marked by the quality of passing away: evanescent, transient, of brief duration: existing momentarily: temporary. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transketolase
Synonym for transaldolase ... <enzyme> Together with transketolase, links the pentose phosphate pathway with glycolysis by converting pentoses to hexoses. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
transketolation
A reaction involving the transfer of a ketole group (HOCH2CO-) from one compound to another. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
translate
1. To bear, carry, or remove, from one place to another; to transfer; as, to translate a tree. 'In the chapel of St. Catharine of Sienna, they show her head- the rest of her body being translated to Rome.' (Evelyn) ... 2. To change to another condition, position, place, or office; to transfer; hence, to remove as by death. ... 3. To remove to heaven …
translating
Conversion from one language to another language. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
translation
The process that occurs at the ribosome whereby the information in mRNA is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
translational control
<molecular biology> The control of protein synthesis by regulation of the translation step, for example by selective usage of preformed mRNA or instability of the mRNA. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
translational repressor
A molecule that blocks translation by binding to a messenger RNA. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
translations
Products resulting from the conversion of one language to another. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
translatory movement
The motion of the body at any instant when all points within the body are moving at the same velocity and in the same direction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
translocase
<enzyme> The enzyme that causes peptidyl tRNA to move from the A site to the P site in the ribosome and the mRNA to move so that the next codon is in position for usage. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
translocation
Rearrangement of a chromosome in which a segment is moved from one location to another, either within the same chromosome or to another chromosome. This is sometimes reciprocal, when one fragment is exchanged for another. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
translocation (genetics)
A type of aberration characterised by fragmentation of a chromosome and transfer of the broken-off portion to another chromosome, often of a different pair. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
translocation carrier
A person with balanced translocation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
translocation chromosome
Synonym for derivative chromosome ... An anomalous chromosome generated by translocation. ... Synonym: translocation chromosome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
