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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

tongue bone
Synonym for hyoid bone ... <anatomy> A U-shaped bone lying between the mandible and the larynx, suspended from the styloid processes by slender stylohyoid ligaments. ... See: hyoid apparatus. ... Synonym: os hyoideum, lingual bone, tongue bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tongue crib
An appliance used to control visceral (infantile) swallowing and tongue thrusting and to encourage the mature or somatic tongue posture and function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tongue depressor
An instrument with a broad flat extremity used for pressing down the tongue to facilitate examination of the oral cavity and pharynx. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tongue flap
A flap derived from the tongue; used to close a defect in an adjacent part, such as the lip or palate. ... Synonym: lingual flap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tongue habits
Acquired responses regularly manifested by tongue movement or positioning. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tongue of cerebellum
Synonym for lingula of cerebellum ... A tongue-shaped sequence of flattened cerebellar folia forming the anterior (or superior) extreme of the cerebellar vermis, extending forward on the surface of the superior medullary velum between the two emerging superior cerebellar peduncles. ... Synonym: lingula cerebelli, lingua cerebelli, tongue of cerebellu …

tongue phenomenon
Synonym for Schultze's sign ... <clinical sign> In latent tetany, tapping the tongue causes its depression with a concave dorsum. ... Synonym: tongue phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tongue thrust
The infantile pattern of the suckle-swallow movement in which the tongue is placed between the incisor teeth or the alveolar ridges during the initial stage of swallowing, resulting sometimes in an anterior open bite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tongue-swallowing
A slipping back of the tongue against the pharynx, causing choking. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tongue, hairy
A benign condition of the tongue characterised by hypertrophy of the filiform papillae that give the dorsum of the tongue a furry appearance. The colour of the elongated papillae varies from yellowish white to brown or black, depending upon staining by substances such as tobacco, food, or drugs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tonic
1. Producing and restoring the normal tone. ... 2. Characterised by continuous tension. ... 3. A term formerly used for a class of medicinal preparations believed to have the power of restoring normal tone to tissue. ... Origin: Gr. Tonikos ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

tonic contraction
Sustained contraction of a muscle, as employed in the maintenance of posture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonic control
Nerve impulses that maintain a normal tonus or level of activity in muscle or other effector organs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonic convulsion
A convulsion in which muscle contraction is sustained. ... Synonym: tetanic convulsion, tonic seizure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonic epilepsy
An attack in which the body is rigid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonic pupil
Usually a unilateral abnormality of the eye characterised by slow pupillary constriction to light and in which there is a delayed reaction to changes in accommodation and convergence. The affected pupil is usually larger. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tonic reflex
The occurrence of an appreciable interval after the production of a reflex before relaxation, e.g., the leg remains up for a time after a knee jerk. ... Synonym: Gordon's symptom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonic seizure
Sustained contractures of skeletal muscle as occur during convulsions. ... Synonym: tonic convulsion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonic spasm
A continuous involuntary muscular contraction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonic-clonic seizure
<neurology> A type of seizure that results in loss of consciousness, generalised muscle contractions, urinary incontinence, tongue biting and a post-ictal state (confusion and lethargy) following cessation of the seizure. ... Synonym: grand-mal seizure. ... See: epilepsy. ... (03 Jul 1999) ...

tonicity
1. A state of normal tension of the tissues by virtue of which the parts are kept in shape, alert, and ready to function in response to a suitable stimulus. In the case of muscle, it refers to a state of continuous activity or tension beyond that related to the physical properties; i.e., it is active resistance to stretch; in skeletal muscle it is …

tonicoclonic
Both tonic and clonic, referring to muscular spasms. ... Synonym: tonoclonic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonin
<enzyme> An enzyme converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, thus similar to or identical with angiotensin-converting enzyme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toning
The replacing of a silver deposit with one of gold in an impregnated histologic section, by treatment with a solution of gold chloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonitrophobia
Synonym: brontophobia. ... Origin: L. Tonitrus, thunder, + G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tono-
Tone, tension, pressure. ... Origin: G. Tonos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonoclonic
Synonym for tonicoclonic ... Both tonic and clonic, referring to muscular spasms. ... Synonym: tonoclonic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonoclonic spasm
Convulsive contraction of muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonofibril
One of a system of fibres found in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. ... See: cytoskeleton. ... Synonym: epitheliofibril, tenofibril. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonofilament
Cytoplasmic filaments (10nm diameter: intermediate filaments) inserted into desmosomes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

tonograph
A recording tonometer. ... Origin: tono-+ G. Grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonography
Continuous measurement of intraocular pressure by means of a recording tonometer, in order to determine the facility of aqueous outflow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonometer
1. <physics> An instrument for determining the rate of vibrations in tones. ... 2. <physiology> An apparatus for studying and registering the action of various fluids and drugs on the excised heart of lower animals. An instrument for measuring tension, especially. That of the eyeball. ... Origin: Gr. A stretching, a tone. ... Source: Webst …

tonometry
This is procedure which measures the pressure inside the eyes. This is a screening test for glaucoma. This test is performed by an ophthalmologist. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

tonoplast
<plant biology> Membrane that surrounds the vacuole in a plant cell. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

tonoplast intrinsic protein
<protein> Plant protein, closely related to major intrinsic protein. Found in plant storage vacuolar membranes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

tonoscillograph
An instrument that produces graphic records of arterial and capillary pressures as well as of individual pulse characters. ... Origin: tono-+ L. Oscillo, to swing, + G. Grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonotopic
Denoting a spatial arrangement of structures such that certain tone frequencies are transmitted, as in the auditory pathway. ... Origin: tono-+ G. Topos, place ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonotropic
Denoting the shortening of the resting length of a muscle. ... Origin: G. Tonikos, tonos, tone, + tropos, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsilla
Synonym: palatine tonsil. ... Origin: L. (see tonsil) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsilla adenoidea
An alternate term for pharyngeal tonsil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsilla cerebelli
Synonym for cerebellar tonsil ... A rounded lobule on the undersurface of each cerebellar hemisphere, continuous medially with the uvula of the cerebellar vermis. ... Synonym: tonsilla cerebelli, amygdala cerebelli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsilla intestinalis
See: Peyer's patches. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsilla lingualis
Synonym for lingual tonsil ... A collection of lymphoid follicles on the posterior or pharyngeal portion of the dorsum of the tongue. ... Synonym: tonsilla lingualis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsilla palatina
Synonym for palatine tonsil ... A large oval mass of lymphoid tissue embedded in the lateral wall of the oral pharynx on either side between the pillars of the fauces. ... Synonym: tonsilla palatina, tonsilla, faucial tonsil, tonsil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsilla pharyngealis
Synonym for pharyngeal tonsil ... A collection of more or less closely aggregated lymphoid nodules on the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx, the hypertrophy of which constitutes the morbid condition called adenoids. ... Synonym: tonsilla pharyngealis, tonsilla adenoidea, Luschka's gland, Luschka's tonsil, third tonsil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsilla tubaria
Synonym for tubal tonsil ... A collection of lymphoid nodules near the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube. ... Synonym: tonsilla tubaria, eustachian tonsil, Gerlach's tonsil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillar
Relating to a tonsil, especially the palatine tonsil. ... Synonym: amygdaline. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillar calculus
Synonym for tonsillolith ... A calcareous concretion in a distended tonsillar crypt. ... Synonym: tonsillar calculus, tonsillith. ... Origin: tonsillo-+ G. Lithos, stone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillar crypt
One of the variable number of deep recesses that extend into the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils from the free surface where they open at the tonsillar fossa. ... Synonym: crypta tonsillaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillar fossa
The depression between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches occupied by the palatine tonsil. ... Synonym: fossa tonsillaris, amygdaloid fossa, sinus tonsillaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillar fossulae
The small pits at the openings of the tonsillar crypts onto the medial surface of the tonsil. ... Synonym: fossulae tonsillares. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillar herniation
Herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillar ring
Synonym for lymphoid ring ... The broken ring of lymphoid tissue, formed of the lingual, faucial, and pharyngeal tonsils. ... Synonym: Bickel's ring, tonsillar ring, Waldeyer's throat ring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillectomy
<procedure, surgery> The surgical removal of the tonsils. Indications include airway obstruction or recurrent tonsillitis. Complete recovery is in two weeks. Adults have a significantly longer period of recovery and a much higher complication rate than children. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

tonsillith
Synonym for tonsillolith ... A calcareous concretion in a distended tonsillar crypt. ... Synonym: tonsillar calculus, tonsillith. ... Origin: tonsillo-+ G. Lithos, stone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillitis
<pathology> Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils. ... Origin: L. Tonsilla = tonsil ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

tonsillo-
Tonsil. ... Origin: L. Tonsilla ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillolingual sulcus
The space between the palatine tonsil and the tongue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillolith
A calcareous concretion in a distended tonsillar crypt. ... Synonym: tonsillar calculus, tonsillith. ... Origin: tonsillo-+ G. Lithos, stone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillopathy
Disease of the tonsil. ... Origin: tonsillo-+ G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillotome
An instrument, sometimes modelled after a guillotine, for use in cutting away a portion or all of a hypertrophied tonsil. ... Origin: tonsillo-+ G. Tomos, cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsillotomy
<procedure> The cutting away of a portion or all of a hypertrophied faucial tonsil. ... Origin: tonsillo-+ G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tonsure
1. The act of clipping the hair, or of shaving the crown of the head; also, the state of being shorn. ... 2. The first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of God and the church; the first degree of the clericate, given by a bishop, abbot, or cardinal priest, consisting in cutting off the hair from a circular space at the back of the h …

tooth
Pl> Teeth . [OE. Toth,tooth, AS. T; akin to OFries. Tth, OS. & D. Tand, OHG. Zang, zan, G. Zahn, Icel. Tnn, Sw. & Dan. Tand, Goth. Tumpus, Lith. Dantis, W. Dant, L. Dens, dentis, Gr, Skr. Danta; probably originally the p. Pr. Of the verb to eat. 239. Cf. Eat, Dandelion, Dent the tooth of a wheel, Dental, Dentist, Indent, Tine of a fork, …

tooth abnormalities
Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the teeth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth abrasion
The pathologic wearing away of the tooth substance by brushing, bruxism, clenching, and other mechanical causes. It is differentiated from tooth attrition in that this type of wearing away is the result of tooth-to-tooth contact, as in mastication, occurring only on the occlusal, incisal, and proximal surfaces. It differs also from tooth erosion, t …

tooth abscess
A localised pus-forming bacteria infection adjacent to the tooth or root. Large tooth abscesses may require surgical drainage, root canal or a tooth extraction. ... See: apical abscess. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

tooth apex
The tip or terminal end of the root of a tooth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth arrangement
The placement of teeth on a denture base with definite objectives in mind. ... The setting of teeth on temporary bases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tooth attrition
The wearing away of a tooth as a result of tooth-to-tooth contact, as in mastication, occurring only on the occlusal, incisal, and proximal surfaces. It is chiefly associated with aging. It is differentiated from tooth abrasion (the pathologic wearing away of the tooth substance by friction, as brushing, bruxism, clenching, and other mechanical cau …

tooth avulsion
Partial or complete displacement of a tooth from its alveolar support. It is commonly the result of trauma. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth bleaching
The use of a chemical oxidizing agent (sometimes in combination with heat) to lighten tooth discolorations. (boucher's clinical dental terminology, 4th ed, p34) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth bud
The primordial structures from which a tooth is formed; the enamel organ, the dental papilla, and the dental sac enclosing them. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tooth calcification
The process whereby calcium salts are deposited in the dental enamel. The process is normal in the development of bones and teeth. (boucher's clinical dental terminology, 4th ed, p43) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth cement
Synonym for cementum ... <dentistry> A bony substance covering the root of a tooth. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

tooth cervix
The constricted part of the tooth at the junction of the crown and root or roots. It is often referred to as the cementoenamel junction (cej), the line at which the cementum covering the root of a tooth and the enamel of the tooth meet. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth components
The anatomical components of a tooth, its tissues, and correlated parts. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth crown
The upper part of the tooth, which joins the lower part of the tooth (tooth root) at the cervix (tooth cervix) at a line called the cementoenamel junction. The entire surface of the crown is covered with enamel which is thicker at the extremity and becomes progressively thinner toward the cervix. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth demineralization
A tooth's loss of minerals, such as calcium in hydroxyapatite from the tooth matrix, caused by acidic exposure. An example of the occurrence of demineralization is in the formation of dental caries. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth discoloration
Any change in the hue, colour, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or haemorrhage may be responsible. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth erosion
Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth exfoliation
Physiologic loss of the primary dentition. (zwemer, boucher's clinical dental terminology, 4th ed) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth extraction
The surgical removal of a tooth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth form
The characteristics of the curves, lines, angles, and contours of various teeth which permit their identification and differentiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tooth fractures
Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth germ
The collective tissues from which an entire tooth is formed, including the dental sac, enamel organ, and dental papilla. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth injuries
Traumatic or other damage to teeth including fractures (tooth fractures) or displacements (tooth luxation). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth ligation
The binding together of teeth with wire for stabilization and immobilization following traumatic injury or orthognathic surgery, or during periodontal therapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tooth loss
The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth mobility
Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth movement
Orthodontic techniques used to correct the malposition of a single tooth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth plane
Any one of the imaginary plane's of section of a tooth, such as the axial, horizontal, or vertical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tooth polyp
hyperplastic pulpitis ...

tooth preparation
Procedures carried out with regard to the teeth or tooth structures preparatory to specified dental therapeutic and surgical measures. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth preparation, prosthodontic
The selected form given to a natural tooth when it is reduced by instrumentation to receive a prosthesis (e.g., artificial crown or a retainer for a fixed or removable prosthesis). The selection of the form is guided by clinical circumstances and physical properties of the materials that make up the prosthesis. (boucher's clinical dental terminolog …

tooth pulp
Synonym for dental pulp ... <dentistry> A richly vascularised and innervated connective tissue of mesodermal origin, contained in the central cavity of a tooth and delimited by the dentin, and having formative, nutritive, sensory, and protective functions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth remineralization
Therapeutic technique for replacement of minerals in partially decalcified teeth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth replantation
Reinsertion of a tooth into the alveolus from which it was removed or otherwise lost. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tooth resorption
Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...