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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

trans-activators
Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

trans-bronchial biopsy
<chest medicine, procedure> A biopsy that is performed through the wall of the bronchus (using the bronchoscope). This involves obtaining a small piece of lung tissue for microscopic analysis. This is a useful alternative to an open surgical biopsy, where an incision must be made. ... (17 Mar 1998) ...

trans-Golgi reticulum
That part of the Golgi apparatus that takes newly processed proteins and delivers them to secretory vesicles that will fuse with other biomembranes (e.g., the plasma membrane). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trans-octaprenyltranstransferase
<enzyme> Level of isopentenyl diphosphate-magnesium(ipp-mg) is decisive in affecting the chain length of the products of prenyltransferase reaction ... Registry number: EC 2.5.1.11 ... Synonym: solanesyl diphosphate synthase, solanesyl pyrophosphate synthetase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

trans-pentaprenyltranstransferase
<enzyme> From micrococcus luteus b-p26; composed of 2 components; requires all-trans farnesyl or all-trans-geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate ... Registry number: EC 2.5.1.33 ... Synonym: all-trans-hexaprenylpyrophosphate synthase, hexaprenyldiphosphate synthetase, trans-pentaprenyltransferase, hexaprenylpyrophosphate synthetase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

trans-retinal
Synonym for all-trans-retinal ... The orange retinaldehyde resulting from the action of light on the rhodopsin of the retina, which converts the 11-cis-retinal component of the rhodopsin to all-trans-retinal plus opsin. ... Synonym: trans-retinal, visual yellow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trans-splicing
Formation of spliced products containing portions of two different transcripts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transacetylase
Synonym for acetyltransferase ... Any enzyme transferring acetyl groups from one compound to another. ... See: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, choline acetyltransferase, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase. ... Synonym: transacetylase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transacetylation
Transfer of an acetyl group (CH3CO-), from one compound to another; such reactions, usually involving formation of acetyl-CoA, occur notably in the initiation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by the transfer of an acetyl group to oxaloacetate to form citrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transaction
1. Interaction arising from the encounter of two or more persons. ... 2. In transactional analysis, the unit of analysis involving a social stimulus and a response. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transactional analysis
A psychoanalytic therapy wherein each social transaction is analyzed to determine the involved ego state (whether parent-like, child-like, or adult-like) as a basis for understanding behaviour. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transactional psychotherapy
Psychotherapy with central emphasis on the actual day-to-day interactions (transactions) between the patient and other people in his life. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transactivation
<molecular biology> Stimulation of transcription by a transcription factor binding to DNA and activating adjacent proteins. ... (17 Mar 1998) ...

transacylase
<enzyme> An enzyme that transfers an acyl group, for example transacetylase that transfers an acetyl group from acetyl lipoamide to coenzyme A. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

transacylases
Synonym for acyltransferases ... <enzyme> Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an acyl group from a donor (often the corresponding acyl coenzyme a derivative) to an acceptor compound. ... Registry number: EC 2.3. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transacylation
The reversible transfer of acyl groups. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transaldolase
<enzyme> Together with transketolase, links the pentose phosphate pathway with glycolysis by converting pentoses to hexoses. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

transaldolation
A reaction involving the transfer of an aldol group (CH2OH-CO-CHOH-) from one compound to another; such reactions generally involve the sugar phosphates and occur in the phosphogluconate oxidation pathway of carbohydrate catabolism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transamidation
The transfer of NH2 from an amide moiety (e.g., from glutamine) to another molecule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transamidinases
amidinotransferases ...

transamidination
A reaction involving the transfer of an amidine group (NH2C==NH) from one compound to another; the amidine donor is generally l-arginine and the reaction is of significance in the biosynthesis of creatine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transaminase
<enzyme> A subclass of enzymes that catalyse the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally 2 keto acid) in a cyclic process using pyridoxal phosphate as cofactor, for example aspartate amino transferase catalyses the reaction: aspartate + ketoglutarate = oxaloacetate + glutamate. ... (18 Nov 19 …

transaminases
<enzyme> A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). most of these enzymes are pyridoxyl phosphate proteins. ... Registry number: EC 2.6.1. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transamination
The reaction between an amino acid and an alpha-keto acid through which the amino group is transferred from the former to the latter; in certain cases the reaction may be between an amino acid and an aldehyde (e.g., glutamate with glutamate semialdehyde via ornithine transaminase). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transanimation
Resuscitation of a stillborn infant. ... Origin: trans-+ L. Anima, breath, life ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transatlantic
1. Lying or being beyond the Atlantic Ocean. ... When used by a person in Europe or Africa, transatlantic signifies being in America; when by a person in America, it denotes being or lying in Europe or Africa, especially the former. ... 2. Crossing the Atlantic Ocean. ... Origin: Pref. Trans- + Atlantic: cf. F. Transatlantique. ... Source: Websters Dic …

transaudient
Permeable to sound waves. ... Origin: trans-+ L. Audio, pres. P. Audiens, to hear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transaxial plane
Synonym for axial plane ... Transverse plane, as in CT scanning. ... Synonym: transaxial plane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcalent
Synonym: diathermanous. ... Origin: trans-+ L. Caleo, to be warm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcapsidation
<molecular biology, virology> The partial or full coating of the nucleic acid of one virus with a coat protein of a differing virus. ... (17 Mar 1998) ...

transcarbamoylases
Synonym for carbamoyltransferase ... Enzymes transferring carbamoyl groups from one compound to another (e.g., aspartate carbamoyltransferase, ornithine carbamoyltransferase). ... Synonym: transcarbamoylase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcarbamoylation
The transfer of carbamoyl moiety from one molecule to another; e.g., the reaction catalyzed by ornithine transcarbamoylase in the urea cycle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcarboxylases
Synonym for carboxyltransferases ... Enzymes transferring carboxyl groups from one compound to another. ... Synonym: transcarboxylases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcaucasia
Area of europe that includes armenia, azerbaijan, and the republic of georgia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transcellular fluids
The fluid's that are not inside cells, but are separated from plasma and interstitial fluid by cellular barriers; e.g., cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcellular transport
Solute movement across an epithelial cell layer through the cells. ... Compare: paracellular transport. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcellular water
That fraction of extracellular water in cerebrospinal, digestive, epithelial, introcular, pleural, sweat, and synovial secretions; about 1.5% of body weight. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcendency
1. The quality or state of being transcendent; superior excellence; supereminence. 'The Augustinian theology rests upon the transcendence of Deity at its controlling principle.' (A. V. G. Allen) ... 2. Elevation above truth; exaggeration. ''Where transcendencies are more allowed.'' (Bacon) ... Origin: Cf. L. Transcendentia, F. Transcendance. ... Sourc …

transcendental anatomy
The theories and deductions based upon the morphology of the organs and individual parts of the body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcendental meditation
A form of meditation practiced over 2500 years ago in Eastern cultures and which was recently made popular in the West by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi as a means to help increase energy, reduce stress, and have a positive effect on mental and physical health; it involves the person sitting upright for 20 minutes, with eyes closed, and silently speaking a …

transcervical fracture
A fracture through the neck of the femur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcobalamins
A group of carrier proteins which bind with vitamin b12 in the blood and aid in its transport. Transcobalamin I migrates electrophoretically as a beta-globulin, while transcobalamins II and III migrate as alpha-globulins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transcondylar
Across or through the condyles; denoting the line of bone incision in Carden's amputation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcondylar fracture
A fracture through condyles of the humerus or femur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcortical
1. Across or through the cortex of the brain, ovary, kidney, or other organ. ... 2. From one part of the cerebral cortex to another; denoting the various association tracts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcortical aphasia
An aphasia in which the unaffected motor and sensory language areas are isolated from the rest of the hemispheric cortex. Subdivided into transcortical sensory and transcortical motor aphasias. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcortical apraxia
Synonym for ideokinetic apraxia ... Ideomotor apraxia, a form of apraxia in which simple acts are incapable of being performed, presumably because the connections between the cortical centres that control volition and the motor cortex are interrupted. ... Synonym: transcortical apraxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcortin
<chemical> Chemical name: Transcortins ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transcranial radiograph
A radiographic view of the temporomandibular articulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transcriptase
Synonym for reverse transcriptase ... <enzyme> RNA directed DNA polymerase. ... Enzyme first discovered in retroviruses, that can construct double stranded DNA molecules from the single stranded RNA templates of their genomes. Reverse transcription now appears also to be involved in movement of certain mobile genetic elements, such as the Ty pl …

transcription
<molecular biology> Synthesis of RNA by RNA polymerases using a DNA template. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

transcription factor
<molecular biology> Protein required for recognition by RNA polymerases of specific stimulatory sequences in eukaryotic genes. ... Several are known that activate transcription by RNA polymerase II when bound to upstream promoters. ... Transcription of the 5S RNA gene in Xenopus by RNA polymerase III is dependent on a 40 kD protein TFIIIA that …

transcription factor ap-1
A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerise in order to bind to the ap-1 recognition site, also known as the tpa-responsive element (tre). Ap-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transcription factor, sp1
Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the gc box, one of the upstream promoter elements (upe) in mammalian cells. The binding of sp1 is necessary to initiate transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral genes including c-ha-ras and HIV. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transcription factors
Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transcription factors, tfii
The so-called general transcription factors that bind to RNA polymerase II and that are required to initiate transcription. They include tfiia, tfiib, tfiid, tfiie, tfiif, tfiih, tfii-I, and tfiij. In vivo they apparently bind in an ordered multi-step process and/or may form a large preinitiation complex called RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. ... (12 …

transcription factors, tfiii
Factors that bind to RNA polymerase III and aid in transcription. They include the assembly factors tfiiia and tfiiic and the initiation factor tfiiib. All combine to form a preinitiation complex at the promotor that directs the binding of RNA polymerase III. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transcription unit
<molecular biology> A region of DNA that is transcribed to produce a single primary RNA transcript, i.e. A newly synthesised RNA molecule that has not been processed. ... Transcription units can be mapped by kinetic studies of RNA synthesis and in some instances directly visualised by electron microscopy. ... (17 Mar 1998) ...

transcription, genetic
The transfer of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA by DNA-directed RNA polymerase. It includes reverse transcription and transcription of early and late genes expressed early in an organism's life cycle or during later development. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transcriptional control
<molecular biology> Control of gene expression by controlling the number of RNA transcripts of a region of DNA. A major regulatory mechanism for differential control of protein synthesis in both pro and eukaryotic cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

transcriptional silencing
<molecular biology> Mechanism of transcriptional control where DNA is bundled into heterochromatin in order to make it permanently inaccessible for future transcription. ... Effectively, this allows for memory in the determination of cell fate in developing organisms. In Drosophila, homeotic genes are silenced by members of the Polycomb group …

transcultural nursing
A nursing specialty created to answer the need for developing a global perspective in the practice of nursing in a world of interdependent nations and people. The focus of this nursing discipline is on the integration of international and transcultural content into the training. Courses include study in the area of cultural differences, nursing in …

transcutaneous
Synonym for transdermal ... <pharmacology> Entering through the dermis or skin, as in administration of a drug applied to the skin in ointment or patch form. ... (17 Mar 1998) ...

transcytosis
<cell biology> Process of transport of material across an epithelium by uptake on one face into a coated vesicle, which may then be sorted through the trans Golgi network and transported to the opposite face in another set of vesicles. ... (17 Mar 1998) ...

transcytotic vesicle
<cell biology> Membrane bounded vesicle that shuttles fluid from one side of the endothelium to the other. There is some controversy as to whether or not they form pores. ... (17 Mar 1998) ...

transdermal
<pharmacology> Entering through the dermis or skin, as in administration of a drug applied to the skin in ointment or patch form. ... (17 Mar 1998) ...

transdermic
Synonym for percutaneous ... <technique> Performed through the skin, as injection of radiopacque material in radiological examination or the removal of tissue for biopsy accomplished by a needle. ... Origin: L. Cutis = skin ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

transdetermination
<cell biology> Change in determined state observed in experiments on Drosophila imaginal discs. ... These can be cultured for many generations in the abdomen of an adult, where they proliferate but do not differentiate. If transplanted into a larva, they differentiate after pupation according to the disc from which they were derived, they main …

transdifferentiation
<cell biology> Change of a cell or tissue from one differentiated state to another. Rare and has mainly been observed with cultured cells. ... <zoology> In newts the pigmented cells of the iris transdifferentiate to form lens cells if the existing lens is removed. ... (17 Mar 1998) ...

transduce
To effect transduction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transducer
<physics> A device that transforms one type of energy to another. ... (17 Mar 1998) ...

transducer cell
Any cell responding to a mechanical, thermal, photic, or chemical stimulus by generating an electrical impulse synaptically transmitted to a sensory neuron in contact with the cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transducers
Any device or element which converts an input signal into an output signal of a different form. Examples include the microphone, phonographic pickup, loudspeaker, barometer, photelectric cell, automobile horn, doorbell, and underwater sound transducer. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transducers, pressure
Transducers that are activated by pressure changes, e.g., blood pressure. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transducin
<protein> A GTP-binding protein found in the disc membrane of retinal rods and cones: of the part of the cascade involved in transduction of light to a nervous impulse. ... A complex of three subunits, alpha (39 kD), beta (36 kD) and gamma (8 kD). Photoexcited rhodopsin interacts with transducin and promotes the exchange of GTP for GDP on the …

transducin GTP phosphohydrolase
<enzyme> Stimulated by bovine rhodopsin mutants (asp63 to asn) and (glu134 to gln) with slightly lowered efficiency ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- ... Synonym: transducin GTPase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

transductant
A cell that has acquired a new character by means of transduction; may be complete, with integration of the transferred genetic fragment into its genome, or abortive, in which case the genetic fragment is not integrated and passes to only one of the two daughter cells on division. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transduction
1. <molecular biology> The transfer of a gene from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage. ... In generalised transduction any gene may be transferred as a result of accidental incorporation during phage packaging. In specialised transduction only specific genes can be transferred, as a result of improper recombination out of the host chr …

transduction, genetic
Transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from the infected bacterium in which the DNA originates to another bacterium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transduodenal sphincterotomy
<procedure> Division of Oddi's sphincter; an operation to open the lower end of the common duct to remove impacted stones or to relieve spasm or stricture of the terminal bile and pancreatic ducts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transect
<ecology> A line on the ground along which sample plots or points are established for collecting vegetation data and in many cases, soil and hydrology data as well. ... (17 Mar 1998) ...

transection
1. A cross section. ... 2. Cutting across. ... Synonym: transsection. ... Origin: trans-+ L. Seco, pp. Sectus, to cut ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transethmoidal
Across or through the ethmoid bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transfection
<molecular biology> The introduction of DNA into a recipient eukaryote cell and its subsequent integration into the recipient cells chromosomal DNA. ... Usually accomplished using DNA precipitated with calcium ions though a variety of other methods can be used (e.g. Electroporation). Only about 1% of cultured cells are normally transfected. …

transfer
The conveyance of something from one place to another. ... Origin: L. Ferre = to carry ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

transfer (psychology)
Change in learning in one situation due to prior learning in another situation. The transfer can be positive (with second learning improved by first) or negative (where the reverse holds). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transfer agreement
A written agreement for the transfer of patients and their medical records from one health care institution to another. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transfer cell
<plant biology> Parenchyma cell specialised for transfer of water soluble material to or from a neighbouring cell, usually a phloem sieve tube or a xylem tracheid. ... Elaborate wall ingrowths greatly increase the area of plasma membrane at the cell face across which transfer occurs. ... (17 Mar 1998) ...

transfer DNA
<molecular biology> The transforming region of DNA in the Ti plasmid of agrobacterium tumefaciens. ... Acronym: t-DNA ... (04 Jul 1999) ...

transfer factor
A dialysable factor obtained from sensitised T-cells by freezing and thawing, that may possibly immunopotentiate animals.The transfer of specific immunity from one animal to another has been claimed. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

transfer genes
Gene's carried by a conjugative plasmid, essential for fertility and establishment of the bacterial donor state. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transfer imaging
The production of an ultrasound image by detection and analysis of sound on the opposite side of the body from the emitting transducer. ... Synonym: through transfer imaging. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transfer RNA
Synonym for RNA ... <molecular biology> A nucleic acid found in all living cells. Plays a role in transferring information from DNA to the protein-forming system of the cell. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

transferase
<enzyme> A suffix to the name of an enzyme indicating that it transfers a specific grouping from one molecule to another, for example acyl transferases transfer acyl groups. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

transferases
<enzyme> Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme 'donor:acceptor group transferase'. ... Registry number: EC 2. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transference
<psychology> The unconscious transfer to others (including psychotherapists) of feelings and attitudes which were originally associated with important figures (parents, siblings, etc.) in one's early life. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

transference love
Love expressed by the patient for the psychoanalyst as a manifestation of transference. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transference neurosis
In psychoanalysis, the phenomenon of the patient's developing a strong emotional relationship with the analyst, symbolizing an emotional relationship with a family figure; analysis of this neurosis comprises an important part of psychoanalytic treatment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transferred ophthalmia
Synonym for sympathetic ophthalmia ... A serous or plastic uveitis caused by a perforating wound of the uvea followed by a similar severe reaction in the other eye that may lead to bilateral blindness. ... Synonym: transferred ophthalmia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

transferred sensation
referred sensation ...