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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

toxicodendron
A genus (formerly rhus) of shrubs, vines, or trees that yields a highly allergenic oleoresin which causes a severe contact dermatitis. The most toxic species are toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac), t. Diversilobum (poison oak), and t. Radicans (poison ivy). T. Vernicifera yields a useful varnish from which certain enzymes (laccases) are obtained.< …

toxicoderma
Any skin disease caused by a poison or by a toxin-producing microorganism. ... Synonym: toxicodermatosis. ... Origin: toxico-+ G. Derma, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxicodermatitis
Inflammation of the skin caused by the action of a poison. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxicodermatosis
Synonym for toxicoderma ... Any skin disease caused by a poison or by a toxin-producing microorganism. ... Synonym: toxicodermatosis. ... Origin: toxico-+ G. Derma, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxicogenic
1. Producing a poison. ... 2. Caused by a poison. ... Origin: toxico-+ G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxicogenic conjunctivitis
Synonym for conjunctivitis medicamentosa ... A conjunctivitis caused by medicine or toxin instilled into the conjunctival sac. ... Synonym: toxicogenic conjunctivitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxicoid
Having an action like that of a poison; temporarily poisonous. ... Origin: toxico-+ G. Eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxicokinetics
<study> A subfield of toxicology that studies how toxins are absorbed by, metabolised by, and eliminated from the bodies of living things. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

toxicologic
Pertaining to toxicology. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

toxicology
<study> The scientific study of the chemistry, effects, and treatment of poisonous substances. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

toxicomania
<psychology> The addiction to a drug (as opium or cocaine). ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

toxicopathic
Denoting any morbid state caused by the action of a poison. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxicophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of being poisoned. ... Synonym: toxiphobia. ... Origin: toxico-+ G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxicosis
Any disease of toxic origin. ... Synonym: systemic poisoning. ... Origin: toxico-+ G. -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxiferine
<chemical> A curare alkaloid that is a very potent competitive nicotinic antagonist at the neuromuscular junction. ... Pharmacological action: neuromuscular nondepolarising agents, nicotinic antagonists. ... Chemical name: Toxiferine I, 2,2',16,16'-tetradehydro-16,16',17,17'-tetrahydro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

toxiferines
The most potent group of the curare alkaloids; the principle source is Strychnos toxifera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxiferous
Synonym: poisonous. ... Origin: toxi-+ L. Fero, to bear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxigenic
Synonym for toxinogenic ... Producing a toxin, said of an organism. ... Synonym: toxigenic. ... Origin: toxin + G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxigenicity
The ability of a pathogenic organism to produce injurious substances that damage the host. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

toxilic acid
Synonym for maleic acid ... HOOC-CH==CH-COOH; (Z)-butenedioic acid;the cis isomer of fumaric acid; used for preparing maleate salts of antihistaminics and similar drugs. ... Synonym: toxilic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxin
<pharmacology> A poison, frequently used to refer specifically to a protein produced by some higher plants, certain animals and pathogenic bacteria, which is highly toxic for other living organisms. ... Such substances are differentiated from the simple chemical poisons and the vegetable alkaloids by their high molecular weight and antigenicit …

toxin spectrum
A figure in the form of a spectrum used by Ehrlich to represent the neutralizing power of antitoxin in the presence of toxin, toxone, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxinic
Relating to a toxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxinogenic
Producing a toxin, said of an organism. ... Synonym: toxigenic. ... Origin: toxin + G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxinogenicity
The capacity to produce toxin. ... Synonym: toxigenicity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxinology
The study of toxins, in a restricted sense, with reference to the relatively unstable proteinaceous substances of microbial, plant, or animal origins. ... Origin: toxin + G. Logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxinosis
Any disease or lesion caused by the action of a toxin. ... Synonym: toxonosis. ... Origin: toxin + G. -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxins
Poisons produced by certain animals, plants, or bacteria. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

toxipathic
Relating to any diseased state caused by a poison, e.g., neuritis or hepatitis caused by arsenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxipathy
Any disease due to poisoning, especially chronic poisoning. ... Origin: toxi-+ G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxiphobia
<psychology> An insane or greatly exaggerated dread of poisons. ... Origin: Gr. Phobos = fear ... (16 Mar 1998) ...

toxisterol
A toxic substance formed by excessive irradiation of ergosterol or calciferol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxocara
A genus of ascarid nematodes commonly parasitic in the intestines of cats and dogs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

toxocara canis
A species of parasitic nematode found in the intestine of dogs. Lesions in the brain, liver, eye, kidney, and lung are caused by migrating larvae. In humans, these larvae do not follow normal patterns and may produce visceral larva migrans (larva migrans, visceral). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Toxocara mystax
A common ascarid species of cats, but not reported from dogs; prenatal infection of kittens does not occur, infection being by infective eggs, which hatch in the intestine, releasing second-stage larvae, which then undergo migration through the heart, lung, trachea, mouth, and gut, as with Ascaris lumbricoides in man; mice and other vertebrates, an …

toxocariasis
Infection by round worms of the genus toxocara, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

toxoid
<pharmacology> Nontoxic derivative of a bacterial exotoxin produced by formaldehyde or other chemical treatment: useful as a vaccine because it retains most antigenic properties of the toxin. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

toxoids
Preparations of pathogenic organisms or their derivatives made nontoxic and intended for active immunologic prophylaxis. They include deactivated toxins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

toxon
A hypothetical bacterial product, of feeble toxicity and weak affinity for antitoxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxoneme
Synonym: rhoptry. ... Origin: G. Toxon, bow, + nema, thread ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxonosis
Synonym: toxinosis. ... Origin: toxo-+ G. Nosos, disease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxophil
Susceptible to the action of a poison; having an affinity for toxins. ... Origin: toxo-+ G. Philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxophore
Denoting the atomic group of the toxin molecule which carries the poisonous principle. ... Origin: toxo-+ G. Phoros, bearing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toxophorous
Relating to the toxophore group of the toxin molecule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Toxoplasma
A genus of parasitic protozoa. T. Gondii is an intracellular parasite whose intermediate host includes human, the final host being felines of many species. Causes toxoplasmosis in humans in which the parasite finally locates in tissues such as brain, heart, the eye causing serious and sometimes fatal lesions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

toxoplasma antibody titre
A test which measures the presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma in the blood. This test is used to detect congenital or postnatal toxoplasmosis or to screen pregnant women for the presence of Toxoplasma antibodies. The presence of antibodies before pregnancy probably protects the foetus against congenital toxoplasmosis. Antibodies against Toxop …

Toxoplasma gondii
An abundant, widespread sporozoan species (family Toxoplasmatidae) that is an intracellular, nonhost-specific parasite in a great variety of vertebrates. It develops its sexual cycle, leading to oocyst production, exclusively in cats and other felids; proliferative stages (tachyzoites) and tissue cysts (containing bradyzoites) develop in a wide var …

toxoplasma test
<investigation> A test which measures the presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma in the blood. This test is used to detect congenital or postnatal toxoplasmosis or to screen pregnant women for the presence of Toxoplasma antibodies. The presence of antibodies before pregnancy probably protects the foetus against congenital toxoplasmosis. An …

toxoplasmosis
<microbiology> An acute or chronic, widespread disease of animals and humans caused by the obligate intracellular protozoon Toxoplasma gondii, transmitted by oocysts containing the pathogen in the faeces of cats (the definitive host), usually by contaminated soil, direct exposure to infected faeces, tissue cysts in infected meat or tachyzoite …

toxoplasmosis, animal
Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus toxoplasma. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

toxoplasmosis, cerebral
Infection caused by the protozoan toxoplasma that presents itself in a subacute fashion with headache, focal neurologic signs, seizures, or altered mental status which can progress to coma. This condition is a commonly encountered opportunistic infection in aids patients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

toxoplasmosis, congenital
Congenital infection with toxoplasma gondii characterised by lesions of the central nervous system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

toxoplasmosis, ocular
Infection caused by the protozoan parasite toxoplasma in which there is extensive connective tissue proliferation, the retina surrounding the lesions remains normal, and the ocular media remain clear. Chorioretinitis may be associated with all forms of toxoplasmosis, but is usually a late sequel of congenital toxoplasmosis. The severe ocular lesion …

toxopyrimidine
4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine;one of the products resulting from the hydrolysis of thiamin by thiaminase and appearing in the urine; a competitive inhibitor of pyridoxal. ... Synonym: pyramin, pyramine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Toynbee, Joseph
<person> English otologist, 1815-1866. ... See: Toynbee's corpuscles, Toynbee's muscle, Toynbee's tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Toynbee's corpuscles
Synonym for corneal corpuscles ... Connective tissue cells found between the laminae of fibrous tissue in the cornea. ... Synonym: Toynbee's corpuscles, Virchow's cells, Virchow's corpuscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Toynbee's muscle
Synonym for tensor tympani ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, the cartilaginous part of the auditory (eustachian) tube and the walls of its hemi-canal just above the bony portion of the auditory tube; insertion, handle of malleus; action, draws the handle of the malleus medialward tensing the tympanic membrane to protect it from excessive vibration …

Toynbee's tube
A tube by which an otologist can listen to the sounds in a patient's ear during politzerization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

toyocamycin
<chemical> 4-amino-5-cyano-7-(d-ribofuranosyl)-7h- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, antineoplastic, antimetabolites, …

toyocamycin nitrile hydrolase
<enzyme> Catalyses the hydrolysis of the nitrile group of toyocamycin to the amide group of sangivamycin ... Registry number: EC 3.5.5.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

tpa
Tissue plasminogen activator or TPA is thrombolytic agent used to dissolve blood clots. TPA is introduced into a vein (intravenous) or directly into a blocked artery. Because TPA is produced using recombinant DNA technology, it tends to be more expensive than urokinase or streptokinase. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

TPHA test
Synonym for Treponema pallidum haemagglutination test ... A highly sensitive and specific test for the serologic diagnosis of syphilis; tanned sheep red blood cells are coated with the antigen of Treponema pallidum and, following absorption of non-specific patient serum antibody, a positive reaction with tanned sheep red blood cells and patient seru …

Tphi CG loop
Synonym for T loop of RNA ... <molecular biology> The T loop of tRNA is the region of the molecule that is responsible for ribosome recognition. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

TPI test
Synonym for Treponema pallidum immobilization test ... A test for syphilis in which an antibody other than Wassermann antibody is present in the serum of a syphilitic patient, which in the presence of complement causes the immobilization of actively motile Treponema pallidum obtained from testes of a rabbit infected with syphilis. ... Synonym: TPI te …

TPN
Synonym for total parenteral nutrition ... <pharmacology> Intravenous feeding that provides patients with all essential nutrients when they are unable to feed themselves. ... Acronym: TPN ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

TPP
<abbreviation> Thiamin pyrophosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

TPR
<abbreviation> Total peripheral resistance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

TPX1 peroxidase
<enzyme> A sodium chloride-induced (salt stress) cell wall-targeted peroxidase from tomato; genbank l13654; do not confuse with tpx1 or tpx-1 mammalian glycoproteins ... Registry number: EC 1.11.1.- ... Synonym: tpx1 gene product, tomato ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

TQ
<abbreviation> Tocopherolquinone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

TR
<abbreviation> Repetition time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabecula
A transverse partition which divides or partly divides a cavity. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

trabecula septomarginalis
Synonym for septomarginal trabecula ... One of the trabeculae carneae in the right ventricle of the heart; it carries part of the right branch of the A-V bundle from the septum to the anterior papillary muscle on the opposite wall of the ventricle. ... Synonym: trabecula septomarginalis, moderator band, Reil's band. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabecula testis
Synonym for septula of testis ... One of the trabeculae of the testis; imperfect septa and fibrous cords radiating toward the surface of the gland from the mediastinum testis. ... Synonym: septulum testis, trabecula testis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabeculae carneae
Muscular bundles on the lining walls of the ventricles of the heart. ... Synonym: columnae carneae, Rathke's bundles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabeculae corporis spongiosi penis
Synonym for trabeculae of corpus spongiosum ... The fibrous bands interlacing between the vascular spaces of the corpus spongiosum and glans penis. ... Synonym: trabeculae corporis spongiosi penis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabeculae corporum cavernosorum
Synonym for trabeculae of corpora cavernosa ... Fibromuscular bands and cords given off from the fibrous envelopes and septum of the corpora cavernosa penis and that separate the cavernous veins. ... Synonym: trabeculae corporum cavernosorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabeculae cranii
A pair of chondrification centres in the base of the embryonic cartilaginous neurocranium, lying in front of the developing hypophysis; they become the sella turcica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabeculae lienis
An alternate term for trabeculae of spleen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabeculae of corpora cavernosa
Fibromuscular bands and cords given off from the fibrous envelopes and septum of the corpora cavernosa penis and that separate the cavernous veins. ... Synonym: trabeculae corporum cavernosorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabeculae of corpus spongiosum
The fibrous bands interlacing between the vascular spaces of the corpus spongiosum and glans penis. ... Synonym: trabeculae corporis spongiosi penis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabeculae of spleen
Small fibrous bands given off from the capsule of the spleen and constituting the framework of that organ. ... Synonym: trabeculae lienis, trabeculae splenicae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabeculae splenicae
Synonym for trabeculae of spleen ... Small fibrous bands given off from the capsule of the spleen and constituting the framework of that organ. ... Synonym: trabeculae lienis, trabeculae splenicae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabecular bone
Synonym for cancellous bone ... Adult bone consisting of mineralised regularly ordered parallel collagen fibres more loosely organised than the lamellar bone of the shaft of adult long bones. Found in the end of long bones. ... Synonym: trabecular bone. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

trabecular carcinoma
Synonym for Merkel cell tumour ... A rare malignant cutaneous tumour seen in sun-exposed skin of elderly patients composed of dermal nodules of small round cells with scanty cytoplasm in a trabecular pattern; the tumour cells contain cytoplasmic dense core granules resembling neurosecretory granules seen in Merkel cells. ... Synonym: primary neuroend …

trabecular meshwork
A porelike structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber through which aqueous humor circulates to the canal of schlemm. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

trabecular network
Synonym for trabecular reticulum ... The network of fibres (pectinate ligaments) at the iridocorneal angle between the anterior chamber of the eye and the venous sinus of the sclera; it contains spaces between the fibres that are involved in drainage of the aqueous humor, and is composed of two portions: the corneoscleral part, the part attached to …

trabecular reticulum
The network of fibres (pectinate ligaments) at the iridocorneal angle between the anterior chamber of the eye and the venous sinus of the sclera; it contains spaces between the fibres that are involved in drainage of the aqueous humor, and is composed of two portions: the corneoscleral part, the part attached to the sclera, and the uveal part, the …

trabecular zone
Synonym for trabecular reticulum ... The network of fibres (pectinate ligaments) at the iridocorneal angle between the anterior chamber of the eye and the venous sinus of the sclera; it contains spaces between the fibres that are involved in drainage of the aqueous humor, and is composed of two portions: the corneoscleral part, the part attached to …

trabeculated bladder
Characterised by thick wall and hypertrophied muscle bundles. Typically seen in instances of long-standing obstruction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabeculation
1. The occurrence of trabeculae in the walls of an organ or part. ... 2. The process of forming trabeculae, as in spongy bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabeculectomy
<procedure> Any surgical procedure for treatment of glaucoma by means of puncture or reshaping of the trabecular meshwork. It includes goniotomy, trabeculotomy, and laser perforation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

trabeculoplasty
Photocoagulation of the trabecular meshwork of the eye using the laser in the treatment of glaucoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trabeculotomy
<procedure> Surgical opening of the sinus venosus sclerae (canal of Schlemm) to treat glaucoma. ... Origin: trabekula + G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trace
1. To mark out; to draw or delineate with marks; especially, to copy, as a drawing or engraving, by following the lines and marking them on a sheet superimposed, through which they appear; as, to trace a figure or an outline; a traced drawing. 'Some faintly traced features or outline of the mother and the child, slowly lading into the twilight of t …

trace conditioned reflex
A conditioned reflex established by applying the stimulus a short time before reinforcement; in the conditioned reflex of the animal so prepared, the response occurs at the same interval of time after the application of the stimulus as during the period of training. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trace conditioning
Conditioning when there is no temporal overlap between the conditioning stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

trace element
Any chemical element that an organism needs very small quantities of tosurvive. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

trace elements
A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

trace nutrient
Synonym for micronutrients ... Essential dietary elements required only in small quantities. They are present in the body in amounts less than .005% of body weight. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

tracer
1. An element or compound containing atoms that can be distinguished from their normal counterparts by physical means (e.g., radioactivity assay or mass spectrography) and can thus be used to follow (trace) the metabolism of the normal substances. ... 2. A coloured substance (e.g., a dye) used as a tracer to follow the flow of water. ... 3. An instru …