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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


thyrocolloid
A colloid substance in the thyroid gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroepiglottic
Relating to the thyroid cartilage and the epiglottis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroepiglottic ligament
<anatomy> Thyroepiglottidean ligament, an elastic band that connects the petiole of the epiglottis to the interior of the thyroid cartilage near the superior thyroid notch. ... Synonym: ligamentum thyroepiglotticum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroepiglottic muscle
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, inner surface of thyroid cartilage in common with musculus thyroarytenoideus; insertion, aryepiglottic fold and margin of epiglottis; action, depresses base of epiglottis; nerve supply, recurrent laryngeal. ... Synonym: musculus thyroepiglotticus, depressor muscle of epiglottis, ventricularis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrofissure
Synonym for laryngofissure ... Operative opening into the larynx, generally through the midline, commonly done for the excision of early carcinoma or the correction of laryngostenosis. ... Synonym: median laryngotomy, thyrofissure, thyroidotomy, thyrotomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrogenic
<anatomy> Of thyroid gland origin. ... Origin: thyroid + G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroglobulin
<biochemistry> The 650 kD protein of the thyroid gland that binds thyroxine. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thyroglobulin antibody
<investigation> A serologic blood test which measures the antithyroglobulin antibodies in the blood. ... Thyroglobulin is a protein found in thyroid tissue. It is the source of thyroid hormones in the body. The presence of antibodies to this protein can result in decreased thyroid gland function. A negative assay is considered normal. ... Condi …

thyroglossal
<anatomy> Relating to the thyroid gland and the tongue, denoting especially an embryological duct. ... Synonym: thyrolingual. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroglossal duct
A transitory endodermal tube in the embryo, carrying thyroid-forming tissue at its caudal end; normally, the duct disappears after the thyroid has moved to its definitive location in the neck; its point of origin is regularly marked on the root of the adult tongue by the foramen caecum; occasionally, its incomplete regression results in the formati …

thyroglossal duct cyst
A cyst in the midline of the neck resulting from nonclosure of a segment of the ductus thyroglossus. ... Synonym: cervical cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrohyoid membrane
A thin, fibrous, membranous sheet filling the gap between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage. ... Synonym: membrana thyrohyoidea, membrana hyothyroidea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrohyoid muscle
<anatomy> Apparently a continuation of the sternothyroid; origin, oblique line of thyroid cartilage; insertion, body of hyoid bone; action, approximates hyoid bone to the larynx; nerve supply, upper cervical spinal nerves carried by hypoglossal. ... Synonym: musculus thyrohyoideus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrohypophysial syndrome
Synonym for Sheehan's syndrome ... <syndrome> Hypopituitarism arising from a severe circulatory collapse postpartum, with resultant pituitary necrosis. ... Synonym: postpartum pituitary necrosis syndrome, thyrohypophysial syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroid
A butterfly-shaped endocrine gland in the neck that is found on both sides of the trachea (windpipe). It secretes the hormone thyroxine which controls the rate of metabolism. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

thyroid acropachy
<radiology> Periosteal reaction, metacarpals, long bones of lower limbs, pretibial myxoedema, exophthalmos, prob secondary to long-standing exposure to LATS, 0.5 - 10% of patients after thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thyroid axis
Synonym for thyrocervical trunk ... A short arterial trunk arising from the subclavian artery, giving rise to the suprascapular (which may instead arise directly from the subclavian artery) and terminating by dividing into the ascending cervical and inferior thyroid arteries. ... Synonym: truncus thyrocervicalis, thyroid axis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroid binding globulin
<protein> Thyroid binding globulin (TBG) is a plasma protein which binds the majority of thyroid hormone in the bloodstream. Bound thyroid hormone is inactive, only the unbound fraction (0.3%) is considered active. Birth control pills and pregnancy can lead to increased TBG levels in the plasma. Androgens can decrease TBG levels in the plasma …

thyroid body
Synonym for thyroid gland ... A butterfly-shaped endocrine gland in the neck that is found on both sides of the trachea windpipe). It secretes the hormone thyroxine which controls the rate of metabolism. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

thyroid bruit
Vascular murmur heard over hyperactive thyroid gland, due to increased blood flow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroid calcifications
<radiology> Miliary calcification, psammoma bodies, papillary thyroid carcinoma, extensive calcification, nodular goiter ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thyroid cancer
<oncology> A form of cancer that can occur in all age groups, particularly those who have had exposure to radiation. ... Papillary carcinoma is the most common form of thyroid malignancy and usually affects women of child-bearing age. Symptoms include neck swelling, goitre, horse voice, cough, haemoptysis, diarrhoea and constipation. ... Follic …

thyroid carcinoma
<radiology> Papillary-follicular (75%), well-differentiated, 95% 5-yr survival with treatment, papillary may lead to neck nodes, follicular may lead to lungs, bone (haematogenous), anaplastic (20%), older patients, prognosis poor, medullary (5%), C cells, associated with pheochromocytoma (MEN-2 and MEN-3) see also: hot and cold nodules on rad …

thyroid carcinoma risk factors
<radiology> Increased risk of malignancy: young female, male, history of radiation to head or neck, hard lesion, other neck masses, no shrinkage on TSH, family hx of thyroid carcinoma see: thyroid carcinoma ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thyroid cartilage
The largest cartilage of the larynx consisting of two laminae fusing anteriorly at an acute angle in the midline of the neck. The point of fusion forms a subcutaneous projection known as the adam's apple. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thyroid colloid
The semifluid material that occupies the lumen of thyroid follicles; it contains thyroglobulin mainly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroid crisis
Sudden and dangerous increase of the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thyroid diverticulum
Thyroglossal diverticulum, the endodermal bud from the floor of the embryonic pharynx; the primordium of the parenchyma of the thyroid gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroid eminence
Synonym for laryngeal prominence ... The projection on the anterior portion of the neck formed by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx; serves as an external indication of the level of the fifth cervical vertebra. ... Synonym: prominentia laryngea, Adam's apple, protuberantia laryngea, thyroid eminence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroid foramen
An opening occasionally existing in one or both of the plates of the thyroid cartilage. ... Synonym: foramen thyroideum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroid gland
A butterfly-shaped endocrine gland in the neck that is found on both sides of the trachea windpipe). It secretes the hormone thyroxine which controls the rate of metabolism. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

thyroid gland, desiccated
The cleaned, dried, and powdered thyroid gland, previously deprived of connective tissue and fat, obtained from domesticated animals that are used for food by man, containing 0.17-0.23% of iodine in thyroid combination, occurring as a yellowish to buff-coloured amorphous powder. It was formerly used as a source of thyroid hormones in the treatment …

thyroid hormone
<endocrinology> Thyroxine and tri iodothyronine are hormones secreted by the thyroid gland in vertebrates. These iodinated aromatic amino acid compounds influence growth and metabolism and, in amphibia, metamorphosis. The hormone calcitonin which has hypocalcaemic effects is also of thyroid origin but is not usually classed with thyroxine and …

thyroid hormone aminotransferase
<enzyme> Chemical name: 3,5-dinitrotyrosine aminotransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.6.1.26 ... Synonym: triiodothyrone aminotransferase, triiodothyronine aminotransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

thyroid hormone resistance syndrome
<syndrome> An inherited syndrome of peripheral resistance to thyroid hormones, transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, characterised by increased serum concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, increased thyroid hormone binding ratio, and normal to slightly increased thyroid-stimulating hormone and its response to thyrotropin-rel …

thyroid ima artery
<anatomy, artery> An inconstant artery; origin, arch of aorta or brachiocephalic artery; distribution, thyroid gland. ... Synonym: arteria thyroidea ima, lowest thyroid artery, Neubauer's artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroid imaging
<radiology> Tc-99m pertechnetate 6 mCi, I-123 sodium iodide 200 - 400 uCi PO ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thyroid insufficiency
Subnormal secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland. ... See: hypothyroidism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroid lymph nodes
Nodes of the anterior deep cervical group located around the thyroid gland; they drain into the lateral deep cervical group. ... Synonym: nodi lymphatici thyroidei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroid nodule
A small circumscribed mass of differentiated tissue associated with the thyroid gland. It can be pathogenic or non-pathogenic. The growth of nodules can lead to a condition of goiter, nodular. most nodules appear between the ages of 30 and 50 years and most are benign. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thyroid receptor antibody
A test that measures the amount of an antibody (thyroid stimulating antibody) which is directed against a receptor for TSH on the thyroid gland. This antibody acts like TSH and stimulates the thyroid to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormone. The presence of this antibody generally indicates Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism). ... (27 Sep 1997) …

thyroid releasing hormone
<endocrinology> Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) is a byproduct of the hypothalamus and serves to stimulate the pituitary gland to produce thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). TRH is produced by the hypothalamus when thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) blood levels are low. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

thyroid scan
A picture taken of the thyroid gland after radioactive iodine is taken by mouth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thyroid stimulating antibody
<endocrinology, immunology> Long acting thyroid stimulator is an autoantibody found in many cases of primary thyrotoxicosis which causes hyperplasia of the thyroid by undetermined mechanisms. Human thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin is a different antibody found in all or nearly all cases of primary thyrotoxicosis and may act by binding to th …

thyroid stimulating hormone
<endocrinology> Polypeptide hormone (28 kD), secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, that activates cyclic AMP production in thyroid cells leading to production and release of the thyroid hormones (T4 and T3). T4 and T3 blood levels feedback on the pituitary gland and decrease thyroid stimulating hormone production when T3 and T4 levels are …

thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin
<protein> A test that measures the amount of an antibody (thyroid stimulating antibody) which is directed against a receptor for TSH on the thyroid gland. This antibody acts like TSH and stimulates the thyroid to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormone. The presence of this antibody generally indicates Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism).< …

thyroid storm
A severe form of hyperthyroidism caused by excessive quantities of thyroid hormones. Thyrotoxicosis may occur as a complication of Grave's disease. ... Symptoms include weight loss, increased appetite, restlessness, heat intolerance, increased sweating, sleep difficulty, muscle cramps, fatigue, diarrhoea, thirst, muscle atrophy, bounding pulse, trem …

thyroid suppression test
A thyroid function test used to diagnose difficult cases of hyperthyroidism, now largely replaced by the thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test; triiodothyronine is administered for a week to 10 days, and a reduction of its uptake by the thyroid gland to less than half of the initial uptake is a normal response. ... Synonym: Werner's test.
thyroid therapy
The treatment of hypothyroidism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroid toxicosis
Synonym for triiodothyronine toxicosis ... Hyperthyroidism resulting from excessive circulating 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. ... Synonym: thyroid toxicosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroid veins
See: inferior thyroid vein, middle thyroid vein, superior thyroid vein, plexus thyroideus impar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroid-stimulating hormone
Synonym for thyrotropin ... thyroid stimulating hormone ...

thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
In Graves' disease, the antibodies to TSH receptors in the thyroid gland. These antibodies are produced by B-lymphocytes and stimulate the receptors, causing hyperthyroidism. Formerly known as LATS (long-acting thyroid stimulator). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroidea
Synonym: thyroid gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroidea accessoria
Synonym for accessory thyroid gland ... An isolated mass, or one of several such masses, of thyroid tissue, sometimes present in the side of the neck, or just above the hyoid bone (suprahyoid accessory thyroid gland), or even as low as the arch of the aorta. ... Synonym: glandula thyroidea accessoria, accessory thyroid, prehyoid gland, suprahyoid gla …

thyroidectomy
<procedure> Surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. This might be done to remove a tumour or treat hyperthyroidism or goiter (enlarged thyroid gland). The goal of surgery in hyperthyroidism is to remove just enough thyroid gland so that a normal amount of thyroid hormone is produced. If too much thyroid is removed, the patient wil …

thyroidism
An obsolete designation for:1. ... Synonym: hyperthyroidism. ... 2. Poisoning by overdoses of a thyroid extract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroiditis
<disease, endocrinology> Disease of the thyroid, especially Hashimoto's disease, in which autoimmune destruction of the thyroid takes place. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thyroiditis, autoimmune
A progressive disease of the thyroid gland with antibodies in the blood stream directed against the thyroid and infiltration of the gland by lymphoctes (a key type of white blood cells involved in the immune response). This immune response is against one's own thyroid. (it is autoimmune.) predominantly affects women. Can be familial. Also called ha …

thyroiditis, hashimoto's
Autoimmune thyroiditis. A progressive disease of the thyroid gland with antibodies in the blood stream directed against the thyroid and infiltration of the gland by lymphoctes (a key type of white blood cells involved in the immune response). This immune response is against one's own thyroid. (it is autoimmune.) predominantly affects women. Can be …

thyroiditis, postpartum
Inflammation of the thyroid gland after pregnancy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thyroiditis, subacute
Inflammation of the thyroid gland after a viral illness. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thyroiditis, suppurative
Inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland caused by bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or flatworms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thyroidology
The study of the thyroid gland, both normal and pathological. ... Origin: thyroid + G. Logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroidotomy
Synonym: laryngofissure. ... Origin: thyroid + G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrointoxication
Synonym for hyperthyroidism ... 1. <physiology> Excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland. ... 2. <disease> The abnormal condition resulting from hyperthyroidism marked by increased metabolic rate, enlargement of the thyroid gland, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure and various secondary symptoms. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thyrolaryngeal
Relating to the thyroid gland or cartilage and the larynx. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroliberin
<protein> See thyrotrophic releasing hormone. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thyroliberin pyroglutamylpeptidase
<enzyme> Aspect of EC 3.4.19.3 (formerly EC 3.4.11.8) ... Registry number: EC 3.4.19.- ... Synonym: trh pyroglutamylpeptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

thyrolingual
Synonym: thyroglossal. ... Origin: thyro-+ L. Lingua, tongue ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrolingual duct
Synonym for thyroglossal duct ... A transitory endodermal tube in the embryo, carrying thyroid-forming tissue at its caudal end; normally, the duct disappears after the thyroid has moved to its definitive location in the neck; its point of origin is regularly marked on the root of the adult tongue by the foramen caecum; occasionally, its incomplete …

thyrolytic
Causing destruction of thyroid gland cells. ... Origin: thyro-+ G. Lytikos, dissolving ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyromegaly
Enlargement of the thyroid gland. ... Origin: thyro-+ G. Megas, large ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyronine
HOC6H4-O-C6H4-CH2-CHNH2-COOH;an amino acid with a diphenyl ether group in the side chain; occurs in proteins only in the form of iodinated derivatives (iodothyronines), such as thyroxine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyronines
A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid thyronine, which has a diphenyl ether group in the side chain. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thyropalatine
Denoting the palatopharyngeus muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroparathyroidectomy
<procedure> Excision of thyroid and parathyroid glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyropathy
A disorder of the thyroid gland. ... Origin: thyro-+ G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroperoxidase
A protein that participates in iodine metabolism in the thyroid follicle or in the follicular space; it utilised H2O2 to produce I+. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyropharyngeal
Denoting the thyropharyngeal portion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroplasty
A surgical method of restoring vocal quality by altering the geometry of the thyroid cartilage. ... Origin: thyro-+ G. Plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroprival
Relating to thyroprivia, denoting hypothyroidism produced by disease or thyroidectomy. ... Synonym: thyroprivic, thyroprivous. ... Origin: thyro-+ L. Privus, deprived of ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroprivia
A state characterised by reduced activity of the thyroid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroprivic
Synonym for thyroprival ... Relating to thyroprivia, denoting hypothyroidism produced by disease or thyroidectomy. ... Synonym: thyroprivic, thyroprivous. ... Origin: thyro-+ L. Privus, deprived of ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroprotein
Synonym: thyroglobulin. ... 2. An iodinated protein, usually casein, that has thyroxine activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyroptosis
Downward dislocation of the thyroid gland. ... Origin: thyro-+ G. Ptosis, a falling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrostatic
<pharmacology> Antithyroid agent. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thyrotoxic
Denoting thyrotoxicosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrotoxic coma
Coma preceding death in severe hyperthyroidism, as in thyroid storm or thyrotoxic crisis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrotoxic crisis
Thyroid crisis, the exacerbation of symptoms that occurs in severe thyrotoxicosis; can follow shock or injury or thyroidectomy; marked by rapid pulse (140 to 170 per minute), nausea, diarrhoea, fever, loss of weight, extreme nervousness, and a sudden rise in the metabolic rate; coma and death may occur; occasionally the entire clinical picture is t …

thyrotoxic encephalopathy
A metabolic encephalopathy arising in severe cases of thyrotoxicosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrotoxic heart disease
Cardiac symptoms, signs, and physiologic impairment due to overactivity of the thyroid gland usually due to excessive sympathetic stimulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrotoxic myopathy
Extreme muscular weakness in severe thyrotoxicosis affecting muscles of limbs and trunk as well as those used in speech and swallowing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrotoxic serum
An antiserum obtained by injecting into animals the nucleoproteins of the thyroid gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrotoxicosis
<disease, endocrinology> The condition resulting from presentation to the tissues of excessive quantities of the thyroid hormones, whether the excess results from overproduction by the thyroid gland (as in Graves disease), originated outside the thyroid or is due to loss of storage function and leakage from the gland. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thyrotoxin
1. A hypothetical substance formerly believed to be an abnormal product of diffusely hyperplastic thyroid glands in persons with Graves' disease, and presumed to be the cause of the distinctive signs and symptoms of that condition (in contrast to simple hyperthyroidism). ... 2. A complement-fixing antigenic factor associated with certain diseases of …

thyrotroph
A cell in the anterior lobe of the pituitary that produces thyrotropin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrotrophic
Synonym: thyrotropic. ... Origin: thyro-+ G. Trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thyrotrophic releasing hormone
<endocrinology> Tripeptide (pyroGlu His Pro NH2) that releases thyrotrophin from the anterior pituitary by stimulating adenyl cyclase. May also have neurotransmitter and paracrine functions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thyrotrophin
Synonym for thyrotropin ... thyroid stimulating hormone ...