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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

thoracodorsal
Relating to the external posterior chest wall, denoting especially an artery, vein, and nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracodorsal artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, subscapular; distribution, muscles of upper part of back; anastomoses, branches of lateral thoracic. ... Synonym: arteria thoracodorsalis, dorsal thoracic artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracodorsal nerve
<anatomy, nerve> Arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus; it contains fibres from the sixth, seventh, and eighth cervical nerves and supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle. ... Synonym: nervus thoracodorsalis, long subscapular nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracodynia
Synonym: thoracalgia. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Odyne, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracoepigastric vein
<anatomy, vein> One of two veins, sometimes a single vein, arising from the region of the superficial epigastric vein and opening into the axillary or the lateral thoracic vein, thus forming an anastomotic or collateral pathway between tributaries of the inferior and superior venae cavae. ... Synonym: vena thoracoepigastrica. ... (05 Mar 2000)< …

thoracogastroschisis
Synonym: thoracoceloschisis. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Gaster, belly, + schisis, fissure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracograph
An obsolete term for an instrument for determining the horizontal contour of the chest. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Grapho, to record ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracolaparotomy
<procedure> Exposure of diaphragmatic region by an incision that opens both thorax and abdomen (thoraco-abdominal incision). ... Origin: thoraco-+ laparotomy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracolumbar
1. Relating to the thoracic and lumbar portions of the vertebral column. ... 2. Relating to the origins of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. ... See: autonomic nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracolumbar aponeurosis
Synonym for thoracolumbar fascia ... The fascia which covers the deep muscles of the back; it is attached to the angles of the ribs and to the spines of the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae, to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, to the lower border of the twelth rib and to the iliac crest, as well as to the lumbocostal, iliolumb …

thoracolumbar fascia
The fascia which covers the deep muscles of the back; it is attached to the angles of the ribs and to the spines of the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae, to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, to the lower border of the twelth rib and to the iliac crest, as well as to the lumbocostal, iliolumbar, intertransverse, and supraspinou …

thoracolumbar system
See: autonomic nervous system, sympathetic part. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracolysis
Breaking up of pleural adhesions. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Lysis, dissolution ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracomelus
Unequal conjoined twins in which the parasite, often only a single arm or leg, is attached to the thorax of the autosite. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Melos, limb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracomyodynia
Pain in the muscles of the chest wall. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Mys, muscle, + odyne, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracopagus
Conjoined twins with fusion in the thoracic region. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Synonym: synthorax. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Pagos, something fastened ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracoparacephalus
Unequal conjoined twins in which a rudimentary parasitic head is attached to the thorax of the autosite. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Para, beside, + kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracopathy
Any disease of the thoracic organs or tissues. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracopneumoplasty
Plastic surgery of the chest in which the lung is also involved. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Pneumon, lung, + plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracoschisis
Congenital fissure of the chest wall. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Schisis, fissure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracoscope
<instrument> A scope for viewing intrathoracic structures; may be video-assisted. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Skopeo, to view ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracoscopic surgery
Surgery done using one or more endoscopic instruments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracoscopy
<procedure> The use of a fibreoptic scope through a small incision in the chest wall for the purpose of directly observing the organs of the chest. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

thoracostenosis
Narrowness of the chest. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Stenosis, narrowing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracostomy
<procedure, surgery> A surgical procedure to create an artificial conduit into the chest cavity. Usually performed for purposes of chest drainage. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

thoracostomy tube
A tube placed through the heart wall that drains the pleural space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thoracotomy
<procedure, surgery> A surgical procedure where an incision is made opening the chest cavity. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

thoradelphus
Duplicitas posterior in which, from the navel upward, the conjoined twins are fused into one. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Synonym: thoracodelphus. ... Origin: thoraco-+ G. Adelphos, brother ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thorax
1. <anatomy> The part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen, containing that part of the body cavity the walls of which are supported by the dorsal vertebrae, the ribs, and the sternum, and which the heart and lungs are situated; the chest. ... In mammals the thoracic cavity is completely separated from the abdominal by the diaphragm, …

thorium compounds
Inorganic compounds that contain thorium as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thorium dioxide
<chemical> Thorium oxide (tho2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens. ... Chemical name: Thorium oxide (ThO2) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Thormahlen
Johann, 19th century German physician. ... See: Thormahlen's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Thormahlen's test
A test for melanin; the suspected liquid is treated with sodium nitroprusside, caustic potash, and acetic acid; if melanin is present, the solution takes on a deep blue colour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thorn
<plant biology> A modified plant organ, especially a stem, that is stiffened and terminates in a sharp point. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

thorn apple
datura stramonium ...

thorn apple crystals
Ammonium urate crystal's in the shape of rounded bodies with many projecting points. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Thorn test
A putative test of adrenal cortical function; stimulation of a normally functioning adrenal cortex by the adrenocorticotrophic hormone is followed by a reduction in the number of circulating eosinophils and lymphocytes and an increase in the excretion of uric acid. The test lacks sufficient specificity and is rarely used. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Thorn, George
<person> U.S. Physician, *1906. ... See: Thorn test, Thorn's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Thorn's syndrome
Synonym for salt-losing nephritis ... A rare disorder resulting from renal tubular damage of a variety of aetiologies; mimics adrenocortical insufficiency in that abnormal renal loss of sodium chloride occurs, accompanied by hyponatraemia, azotemia, acidosis, dehydration, and vascular collapse. ... Synonym: salt-losing syndrome, Thorn's syndrome. ... …

Thornwaldt
Gustavus Ludwig. ... See: Tornwaldt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thorny
1. Full of thorns or spines; rough with thorns; spiny; as, a thorny wood; a thorny tree; a thorny crown. ... 2. Like a thorn or thorns; hence, figuratively, troublesome; vexatious; harassing; perplexing. 'The thorny point of bare distress.' 'The steep and thorny way to heaven. ... <botany>' (Shak) Thorny rest-harrow, rest-harrow. Thorny trefoil …

thorotrast
<radiology> Previously used contrast agent, accumulated in RE system, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, thorium emits alpha particles, associated with: hepatobiliary carcinoma, leukaemia, aplastic anaemia, dense liver and spleen, bone within a bone ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thorough-pin
<veterinary> A disease of the hock (sometimes of the knee) of a horse, caused by inflammation of the synovial membrane and a consequent excessive secretion of the synovial fluid. ... This is probably so called because there is synovial distention of the sheath of the flexor perforans tendon producing an oval swelling on each side of the leg, a …

thought broadcasting
The delusion of experiencing one's thoughts, as they occur, as being broadcast from one's head to the external world where other people can hear them. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thought insertion
The delusion that one's thoughts are not really one's own but are being placed into one's mind by an external force. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thought process disorder
An intellectual function symptom of schizophrenia, manifested by irrelevance and incoherence of verbal productions ranging from simple blocking and mild circumstantiality to total loosening of associations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thought withdrawal
The delusion that one's thoughts have been removed from one's head resulting in a diminished number of thoughts remaining. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Thr
Symbol for threonine or its radical forms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thread
1. A very small twist of flax, wool, cotton, silk, or other fibrous substance, drawn out to considerable length; a compound cord consisting of two or more single yarns doubled, or joined together, and twisted. ... 2. A filament, as of a flower, or of any fibrous substance, as of bark; also, a line of gold or silver. ... 3. The prominent part of the s …

threadworm
<biology, microbiology, zoology> Small nematode, Enterobius vermicularis, that is responsible for intestinal infection in humans. ... It appears as a small thread-like worm approximately 3-5mm in length. ... Common symptoms include anal itching that is worse at night when the female worm migrates to the anus to lay its eggs. ... Thin, white, thr …

thready pulse
A small fine pulse, feeling like a small cord or thread under the finger. ... Synonym: pulsus filiformis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

threatened
A species likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

threatened abortion
<obstetrics> A clinical diagnosis that is made in females in the first trimester of pregnancy who present with vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain. ... This diagnosis can only be made after all other causes for these same symptoms have been excluded, through testing and physical examination. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

threatened species
<biology, ecology, zoology> Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

three
One more than two; two and one. 'I offer thee three things.' 'Three solemn aisles approach the shrine.' (Keble) ... Three is often joined with other words, forming compounds signifying divided into, composed of, or containing, three parts, portions, organs, or the like; as, three-branched, three-capsuled, three-celled, three-cleft, three-edged, thre …

three-body collisions
<radiobiology> It is possible (but generally rare) to have three particles collide simultaneously, instead of just two. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

three-chambered heart
Congenital abnormality in which there may be a single atrium with two ventricles or a single ventricle with two atria. Rudimentary parts of the atrial and ventricular septa may be present but are incompetent to prevent a virtual single chamber in either case. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

three-cornered bone
Synonym for triquetral bone ... A bone on the medial (ulnar) side of the proximal row of the carpus, articulating with the lunate, pisiform, and hamate. ... Synonym: os triquetrum, cubital bone, os pyramidale, os triangulare, pyramidal bone, pyramidale, three-cornered bone, triquetrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

three-day fever
Synonym for phlebotomus fever ... Influenza-like febrile viral disease caused by several members of the bunyaviridae family and transmitted mostly by the bloodsucking sandfly phlebotomus papatasii. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

three-day measles
Synonym for rubella ... <disease, virology> An acute, usually benign, infectious disease caused by a togavirus and most often affecting children and nonimmune young adults, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and spreads to the lymphatic system. ... It is characterised by a slight cold, sore throat and fever, foll …

three-dimensional record
A maxillomandibular record made at the occluding relation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

three-glass test
The bladder is emptied by passing urine into a series of 3-ounce test tubes, and the contents of the first and the last are examined; the first tube contains the washings from the anterior urethra, the second, material from the bladder, and the last, material from the posterior urethra, prostate, and seminal vesicles. ... Synonym: Valentine's test.< …

threonic acid
The acid derived by oxidation of the CHO group of threose to COOH; a product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid by hypoiodite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

threonine
<amino acid> The hydroxylated polar amino acid. ... (15 Oct 1997) ...

threonine acetaldehyde-lyase
<enzyme> Catalyses conversion of threonine to glycine and acetaldehyde; do not confuse with threonine aldolase (EC 2.1.2.1) ... Registry number: EC 4.1.2.5 ... Synonym: l-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase, d-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase, threonine aldolase (lyase) ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

threonine deaminase
Synonym for threonine dehydratase ... <enzyme> A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyses the deamination of threonine to 2-ketobutyrate and ammonia. The role of this enzyme can be biosynthetic or biodegradative. In the former role it supplies 2-ketobutyrate required for isoleucine biosynthesis, while in the latter it is only involved in the …

threonine dehydratase
<enzyme> A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyses the deamination of threonine to 2-ketobutyrate and ammonia. The role of this enzyme can be biosynthetic or biodegradative. In the former role it supplies 2-ketobutyrate required for isoleucine biosynthesis, while in the latter it is only involved in the breakdown of threonine to supply ene …

threonine permease
<chemical> Membrane-associated threonine permease encoded by tdcc gene of E coli ... Chemical name: permease, threonine ... Synonym: threonine-serine permease, tdcc gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

threonine-tRNA ligase
<enzyme> An enzyme that activates threonine with its specific transfer RNA. ... Chemical name: L-Threonine:tRNA(Thr) ligase (AMP-forming) ... Registry number: EC 6.1.1.3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

threonyl tRNA synthetase kinase
<enzyme> From postribosomal supernatants of bom:nmri mouse liver; comigrates with threonyl tRNA synthetase during several purification steps ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: thr tRNA synthetase kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

threose
<biochemistry> A four carbon sugar in which the two central hydroxyl groups are in trans orientation (cis in erythrose). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

threpsology
<study> The doctrine of nutrition; a treatise on nutrition. ... Origin: Gr. Nourishment. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

thresher
1. One who, or that which, thrashes grain; a thrashing machine. ... 2. <zoology> A large and voracious shark (Alopias vulpes), remarkable for the great length of the upper lobe of its tail, with which it beats, or thrashes, its prey. It is found both upon the American and the European coasts. ... Synonym: fox shark, sea ape, sea fox, slasher, s …

thresher's lung
Synonym for Farmer's lung ... <chest medicine> Type III hypersensitivity response to Micropolyspora faeni, a thermophilic bacterium found in mouldy hay. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

threshold
1. The point at which a stimulus first produces a sensation. ... 2. The lower limit of perception of a stimulus. ... 3. The minimal stimulus that produces excitation of any structure; e.g., the minimal stimulus eliciting a motor response. ... Synonym: limen. ... Origin: A.S. Therxold ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

threshold body
Synonym for threshold substance ... Any material (e.g., glucose) that is excreted in the urine only when its plasma concentration exceeds a certain value, termed its threshold. ... Synonym: threshold body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

threshold differential
Synonym for differential threshold ... The smallest difference which can be discriminated between two stimuli or one which is barely above the threshold. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

threshold limit value
The maximum concentration of a chemical recommended by the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists for repeated exposure without adverse health effects on workers. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

threshold of consciousness
The lowest point at which a stimulus sensation can be perceived. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

threshold of island of Reil
Synonym for limen insulae ... The band of transition between the anterior portion of the gray matter of the insula and the anterior perforated substance; it is formed by a narrow strip of olfactory cortex along the lateral side of the lateral olfactory stria. ... Synonym: threshold of island of Reil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

threshold of nose
Synonym for limen nasi ... A ridge marking the boundary between the nasal cavity proper and the vestibule. ... Synonym: threshold of nose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

threshold percussion
Percussion effected by means of a glass rod as a plessimeter, the rod being inclined to the wall of the chest or abdomen and touching it only by one extremity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

threshold shift
Measurement of the degree of hearing loss or impairment in terms of a decibel shift from an individual's previous audiogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

threshold stimulus
A stimulus of threshold strength, i.e., one just strong enough to excite. ... See: adequate stimulus. ... Synonym: liminal stimulus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

threshold substance
Any material (e.g., glucose) that is excreted in the urine only when its plasma concentration exceeds a certain value, termed its threshold. ... Synonym: threshold body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

threshold trait
A trait that falls into natural groups that originate not in categorically distinct causes but in whether or not the outcome attains critical values; e.g., gallstones may result from a categorical cause or from unusual levels of causal factors that themselves show no evidence of grouping. ... Synonym: liminal trait. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thrid
1. To pass through in the manner of a thread or a needle; to make or find a course through; to thread. 'Some thrid the mazy ringlets of her hair.' (Pope) 'And now he thrids the bramble bush.' (J. R. Drake) 'I began To thrid the musky-circled mazes.' (Tennyson) ... 2. To make or effect (a way or course) through something; as, to thrid one's way throu …

thrift
1. A thriving state; good husbandry; economical management in regard to property; frugality. 'The rest, . . . Willing to fall to thrift, prove very good husbands.' (Spenser) ... 2. Success and advance in the acquisition of property; increase of worldly goods; gain; prosperity. 'Your thrift is gone full clean.' 'I have a mind presages me such thrift. …

thrifty
1. Given to, or evincing, thrift; characterised by economy and good menegement of property; sparing; frugal. 'Her chaffer was so thrifty and so new.' (Chaucer) 'I am glad he hath so much youth and vigor left, of which he hath not been thrifty.' (Swift) ... 2. Thriving by industry and frugality; prosperous in the acquisition of worldly goods; increas …

thrill
1. To perforate by a pointed instrument; to bore; to transfix; to drill. 'He pierced through his chafed chest With thrilling point of deadly iron brand.' (Spenser) ... 2. Hence, to affect, as if by something that pierces or pricks; to cause to have a shivering, throbbing, tingling, or exquisite sensation; to pierce; to penetrate. 'To bathe in flery …

thrive
1. To posper by industry, economy, and good management of property; to increase in goods and estate; as, a farmer thrives by good husbandry. 'Diligence and humility is the way to thrive in the riches of the understanding, as well as in gold.' (I. Watts) ... 2. To prosper in any business; to have increase or success. 'They by vices thrive.' 'O son, w …

thrix
Synonym: hair. ... Origin: G. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thrix annulata
Synonym for ringed hair ... A rare condition in which the hair shows alternate pigmented and bright segments, the latter due to air cavities within the cortex. ... Synonym: leukotrichia annularis, pili annulati, thrix annulata, trichonosus versicolor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

throat
<botany> Refers to the top of a corolla tube, where the tube joins the lobes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

throb
To beat, or pulsate, with more than usual force or rapidity; to beat in consequence of agitation; to palpitate; said of the heart, pulse, etc. 'My heart Throbs to know one thing.' (Shak) 'Here may his head lie on my throbbing breast.' (Shak) ... Origin: OE. Robben; of uncertain origin; cf. Russ. Trepete a trembling, and E. Trepidation. ... A beat, or …

throe
1. Extreme pain; violent pang; anguish; agony; especially, one of the pangs of travail in childbirth, or purturition. 'Prodogious motion felt, and rueful throes.' (Milton) ... 2. A tool for splitting wood into shingles; a frow. ... Origin: OE. Rowe, rave, AS. Rea a threatening, oppression, suffering, perhaps influenced by Icel. Ra a throe, a pang, a …

thromb-
See: thrombo-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thrombase
Synonym for thrombin ... <enzyme> Protease (34 kD) generated in blood clotting that acts on fibrinogen to produce fibrin. Consists of two chains, A and B, linked by a disulphide bond. B chain has sequence homology with pancreatic serine proteases: cleaves at Arg Gly. ... Thrombin is produced from prothrombin by the action either of the extrinsi …

thrombasthenia
<haematology> Condition in which there is defective platelet aggregation, though adherence is normal. ... See: Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thrombectomy
<procedure> Procedure to remove a clot (a thrombus). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...