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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

thiocyanate hydrolase
<enzyme> A novel enzyme catalysing the formation of carbonyl sulfide and ammonia from thiocyanates; mw 126 kD; from thiobacillus thioparus ... Registry number: EC 3.5.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

thiocyanates
Organic derivatives of thiocyanic acid which contain the general formula r-scn. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thiocyanic acid
HS-CN;hydrogen thiocyanate. ... Synonym: rhodanic acid, sulfocyanic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiocyanogen number
The number of grams of thiocyanogen taken up by 100 g of fat; analogous to the iodine number, except that thiocyanogen will not add to all the double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids as will iodine. ... Synonym: thiocyanogen value. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiocyanogen value
Synonym for thiocyanogen number ... The number of grams of thiocyanogen taken up by 100 g of fat; analogous to the iodine number, except that thiocyanogen will not add to all the double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids as will iodine. ... Synonym: thiocyanogen value. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiodepsipeptide
Peptides that also contain one or more acylated thiol groups (e.g., of cysteine). ... Origin: thio-+ G. Depseo, to knead, blend, + peptide ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiodiphenylamine
Synonym for phenothiazine ... <pharmacology> A group of tranquilising medications with antipsychotic action, thought to act by blocking dopaminergic transmission in the brain. They are used to treat mental, nervous and emotional disorders. ... Examples include: chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, mesoridazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, promazin …

thioester
Compounds of the type. R CO s R. ... See: coenzyme A, palmitoylation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thioesterase
<enzyme> An enzyme that hydrolyzes thioesters; e.g., the deacylating activity at the end of fatty acid biosynthesis that releases palmitate. ... Synonym: thiolesterase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thioesters
In enzymology, an ester where the oxygen bridging the substrate or product carbonyl carbon and the enzyme is replaced by a sulphur (usually through a cys residue); a high energy intermediate in many enzymes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thioethanolamine acetyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme transferring acetyl from acetyl-CoA to the sulfur atom of thioethanolamine, thus producing coenzyme A and S-acetylthioethanolamine. ... Synonym: thiotransacetylase B. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thioether
The bond R s C, of which the best example is methionine. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thioflavin T
A yellow thiazole dye, C17H19N2SCl, used in histopathology as a fluorochrome for hyaline and amyloid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thioflavine S
A methylated and sulfonated derivative of primulin; a yellowish dye used in fluorescence microscopy as a vital stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thioflavine T stain
<technique> A stain employed to detect amyloid, which induces specific yellow fluorescence; tissue sections are first put in alum-haematoxylin to quench nuclear fluorescence and then stained in thioflavine T. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiogalactosides
Galactosides in which the oxygen atom linking the sugar and aglycone is replaced by a sulfur atom. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thioglucosidase
<enzyme> An enzyme in mustard seed that converts thioglycosides into thiols plus sugars. ... Synonym: myrosinase, sinigrase, sinigrinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thioglycerol
Synonym for monothioglycerol ... Alpha-Monothioglycerol; 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol;used to promote wound healing. ... Synonym: thioglycerol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thioglycolate
Thioglycollate ... A salt or ester of thioglycolic acid; frequently used in bacterial media to reduce their oxygen content so as to create favourable conditions for the growth of anaerobes; the thioglycolate will also inactivate any mercurial that might be carried over with the inoculum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thioglycolates
Organic esters of thioglycolic acid (hs-ch2cooh). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thioglycolic acid
HSCH2COOH;used as a reagent for the detection of metals such as iron, molybdenum, silver, and tin; the ammonium and sodium salts are used in home permanents, the calcium salt as a depilatory. ... Synonym: mercaptoacetic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thioguanine
<chemical> 2-amino-1,7-dihydro-6h-purine-6-thione. An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukaemia. ... Pharmacological action: antimetabolites, antineoplastic. ... Chemical name: 6H-Purine-6-thione, 2-amino-1,7-dihydro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thioinosine
<chemical> 9-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-9h-purine-6-thiol. Sulfhydryl analog of inosine that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to mercaptopurine in the treatment of leukaemia. ... Pharmacological action: antimetabolites, antimetabolites, antineoplastic, …

thiokinase
Group term for enzymes that form acyl-CoA compounds from the corresponding fatty acids and CoA; the bond is through the sulfur atom of the CoA. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiol
1. The monovalent radical -SH when attached to carbon; a hydrosulfide; a mercaptan. ... 2. A mixture of sulfurated and sulfonated petroleum oils purified with ammonia; used in the treatment of skin diseases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiol activated haemolysins
Cytolytic bacterial exotoxins that act by binding to cholesterol in cell membranes and forming ring like complexes that act as pores. SH groups of these toxins must be in the reduced state for the toxin to function. Oxidation (to disulphide bridges) inactivates the toxin. ... Examples: tetanolysin, streptolysin O, _ toxin, cereolysin. ... (18 Nov 199 …

thiol beta-lactamase
<enzyme> Active site serine has been mutated to cysteine in e. Coli ... Registry number: EC 3.5.2.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

thiol endopeptidase
Proteases that have an active thiol group. Includes papain and ficin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thiol enzyme
<enzyme> An enzyme whose activity depends on a free thiol group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiol ester
An ester formed from a carboxylic acid and a thiol (i.e., RCO-SR') e.g., acetyl-coenzyme A. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiol proteinase
Synonym for thiol endopeptidase ... Proteases that have an active thiol group. Includes papain and ficin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thiol-dependent peroxidase
<enzyme> From giardia intestinalis, which lacks glutathione; enzyme can also act with exogenous glutathione ... Registry number: EC 1.11.1.- ... Synonym: glutathione-linked thiol peroxidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

thiolase
Synonym for acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase ... An acetyltransferase forming acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA, releasing one CoA. A key step in ketogenesis and sterol synthesis. ... Synonym: acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, acetyl-CoA thiolase, thiolase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiolester hydrolases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.1.2. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thiolesterase
Synonym for thioesterase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that hydrolyzes thioesters; e.g., the deacylating activity at the end of fatty acid biosynthesis that releases palmitate. ... Synonym: thiolesterase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiolhistidylbetaine
Synonym for ergothioneine ... <chemical> Chemical name: 1H-Imidazole-4-ethanaminium, alpha-carboxy-2,3-dihydro-N,N,N-trimethyl-2-thioxo-, inner salt, (S)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thioltransacetylase A
Synonym for dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase ... <enzyme> Part of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; acef isolated from e. Coli ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.12 ... Synonym: dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, lipoate acetyltransferase, dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase, acef gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

thioltransferase
<enzyme> Reduces disulfide groups via thiol transfer; proposed to catalyze transfer of organomercurial from one thiol complex to another ... Registry number: EC 1.8.4.1 ... Synonym: glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase, thioldisulfide oxidoreductase, glutaredoxin, mammalian, glutaredoxin, rice ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

thiolysis
The cleavage of a chemical bond with the addition of coenzyme A to one part; analogous to hydrolysis and phosphorolysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiomersal
Ethylmercury sodium salt, an antiseptic. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

thiomersalate
Ethylmercury sodium salt, an antiseptic. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

thiomethyladenosine
Synonym for methylthioadenosine ... Adenosine carrying an -SCH3 group in place of OH at position 5'; the -SCH3 group is transferred to alpha-aminobutyric acid to form l-methionine in some bacteria. Methylthioadenosine is formed from S-adenosyl-l-methionine in the course of spermidine synthesis by loss of the alanine moiety. ... Synonym: thiomethylade …

thionein
The apoprotein of metallothionein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thioneine
Synonym for ergothioneine ... <chemical> Chemical name: 1H-Imidazole-4-ethanaminium, alpha-carboxy-2,3-dihydro-N,N,N-trimethyl-2-thioxo-, inner salt, (S)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thionins
Group of small, hydrophobic plant proteins of 45-50 residues that are toxic to animals. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thiono-
<prefix> Prefix sometimes used for thioxo-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thionucleosides
Nucleosides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thionucleotides
Nucleotides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thiopanic acid
Synonym for pantoyltaurine ... Pantothenic acid in which the carboxyl group is replaced by a sulfonic acid group; analogous to pantothenic acid in structure, except that taurine replaces beta-alanine in the molecule. ... Synonym: thiopanic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiopental
<chemical> A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anaesthesia or for the production of complete anaesthesia of short duration. It is also used for hypnosis and for the control of convulsive states. It has been used in neurosurgical patients to reduce increased intracranial pressure. It does not produce a …

thiopental sodium
Sodium 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thiobarbiturate;an ultra-short-acting barbiturate administered intravenously or rectally for induction of anaesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiophanate
<chemical> 4,4'-phenylenebis(ethyl-3-thioallophanate). Nematocide used in livestock; also has fungicidal properties. ... Pharmacological action: antinematodal agent, anthelmintic, fungicides, industrial. ... Chemical name: Carbamic acid, (1,2-phenylenebis(iminocarbonothioyl))bis-, dimethyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thiophenicol
Synonym for thiamphenicol ... <chemical> 2,2-dichloro-n-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4- (methylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethyl)acetamide. A methylsulfonyl analog of chloramphenicol. It is an antibiotic and immunosuppressive agent. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents. ... Chemical name: Acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-(2-hydroxy- …

thiophosphatase
<enzyme> Hydrolyzes 5-phosphocysteamine to cysteamine; inhibited by dtnb ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

thiopropazate hydrochloride
2-Chloro-10-3-[4-(2-acetoxyethyl)piperazinyl]propylphenothiazine dihydrochloride;a phenothiazine derivative related chemically and pharmacologically to prochlorperazine and perphenazine; an antipsychotic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thioproperazine
N,N-Dimethyl-10-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl]phenothiazine-2-sulfonamide;an antiemetic and antianxiety agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thioredoxin
<protein> Intercellular disulphide reducing enzyme. Also secreted by a variety of cells, despite the lack of a signal sequence, in a manner resembling the alternative secretory pathway for IL-1_ and a few other proteins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

thioredoxin reductase (NADPH)
<enzyme> Nadph:oxidised thioredoxin oxidoreductase. ... Registry number: EC 1.6.4.5 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thioridazine
<drug> This prescription drug is used to treat anxiety, tension, mixed states of anxiety and depression, agitation, emotional disturbances accompanied by anxiety and tension, psychosomatic disorders, and sleep disturbances. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

thioridazine hydrochloride
10-[2-(1-Methyl-2-piperidylethyl]-2-(methylthio)phenothiazine monohydrochloride;an antipsychotic with action similar to that of chlorpromazine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiorphan
<chemical> (+-)-n-(2-(mercaptomethyl)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)glycine. A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (enkephalinase). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced analgesia and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. ... Pharmacological action: protease inhibitors. ... Chemical name: Glycine, N-(2-(mercaptomethyl)-1-o …

thiosemicarbazide
One of the group of thiosemicarbazones with a tuberculostatic action; used as a reagent in the detection of metals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiosemicarbazone
1. A compound containing the thiosemicarbazide radical, ==N-NH-C(S)-NH2. ... 2. One of a group of tuberculostatic drugs that includes thiosemicarbazide, benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, and 4-aminoacetylbenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiostrepton
<chemical> Polypeptide-containing antibiotic isolated from a species of streptomyces in new mexican soil. It appears to be highly active against gram-positive bacteria. In veterinary medicine, thiostrepton has been used in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, peptide …

thiosulfate
S2O3==;the anion of thiosulfuric acid; elevated in individuals with a molybdenum cofactor deficiency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiosulfate cyanide transsulfurase
Synonym for thiosulfate sulfurtransferase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the transfer of the planetary sulfur atom of thiosulfate ion to cyanide ion to form thiocyanate ion. ... Chemical name: Thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.8.1.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thiosulfate reductase
<enzyme> In proteus mirabilis; one enzyme catalyses both tetrathionate and thiosulfate reduction ... Registry number: EC 1.8.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

thiosulfate sulfurtransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the transfer of the planetary sulfur atom of thiosulfate ion to cyanide ion to form thiocyanate ion. ... Chemical name: Thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.8.1.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thiosulfate thiotransferase
Synonym for thiosulfate sulfurtransferase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the transfer of the planetary sulfur atom of thiosulfate ion to cyanide ion to form thiocyanate ion. ... Chemical name: Thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.8.1.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thiosulfates
Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula r2s2o3. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thiosulfonic acids
Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the general formula rs2o2h. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thiosulfuric acid
H2S2O3;sulfuric acid in which an atom of oxygen has been replaced by one of sulfur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiotepa
<chemical> A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the fourth annual report on carcinogens (ntp 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (merck index, 11th ed). ... Pharmacological action: alkylatin …

thiothixene
<drug> This drug is an antipsychotic agent of the thioxanthene series. It is used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

thiotransacetylase B
Synonym for thioethanolamine acetyltransferase ... <enzyme> An enzyme transferring acetyl from acetyl-CoA to the sulfur atom of thioethanolamine, thus producing coenzyme A and S-acetylthioethanolamine. ... Synonym: thiotransacetylase B. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiouracil
<chemical> Occurs in seeds of brassica and crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis. ... Pharmacological action: antimetabolites, …

thiourea
<chemical> A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the fourth annual report on carcinogens (ntp 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (merck index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are antithryoid agents and/or free radical scavengers. ... Pharmacological action: ant …

thiouridine
<chemical> A photoactivable uridine analog that is used as an affinity label. ... Pharmacological action: affinity labels, antimetabolites. ... Chemical name: Uridine, 4-thio- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

thioxanthene
<pharmacology> A group of medications with antipsychotic activity which act by blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the brain. ... Examples include: thiothixene, chlorprothixene and flupenthixol. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

thioxo-
<prefix> Prefix indicating ==S in a thioketone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thioxolone
6-Hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one;an antiseborrheic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

THIP
Alpha-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c] pyridin-3-ol;an agonist at gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors. Unlike other agonists of this type, upon systemic administration THIP penetrates the blood-brain barrier and is used as a pharmacological tool to explore GABA receptor function in the brain and spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiphenamil hydrochloride
Diphenylthioacetic acid S-(2-diethylaminoethyl) ester hydrochloride;an anticholinergic drug. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

thiram
<chemical> Tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide. An antifungal agent used in medicine and agriculture. ... Pharmacological action: antifungal agents, anti-infective agents, local, fungicides, industrial. ... Chemical name: Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide (((H2N)C(S))2S2), tetramethyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

third
1. Next after the second; coming after two others; the ordinal of three; as, the thirdhour in the day. 'The third night.' ... 2. Constituting or being one of three equal parts into which anything is divided; as, the third part of a day. Third estate. In England, the commons, or the commonalty, who are represented in Parliament by the House of Common …

third corpuscle
Synonym for platelet ... <haematology> A discoid cell (3m diameter) found in large numbers in blood, important for blood coagulation and for haemostasis by repairing breaches (small breaks) in the walls of blood vessels. ... Platelet _ granules contain lysosomal enzymes, dense granules contain ADP (a potent platelet aggregating factor) and sero …

third cranial nerve
Synonym for oculomotor nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> Responsible for motor enervation of upper eyelid muscle, extraocular muscle and pupillary muscle. Lesions of the oculomotor nerve results in ptosis (dropping eyelid), deviation of the eyeball outward, double vision and a dilated pupil. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

third cuneiform bone
Synonym for lateral cuneiform bone ... A bone of the distal row of the tarsus; it articulates with the intermediate cuneiform, cuboid, navicular, and second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones. ... Synonym: os cuneiforme laterale, third cuneiform bone, wedge bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

third degree burn
A burn involving destruction of the entire skin; deep third-degree burns extend into subcutaneous fat, muscle, or bone and often cause much scarring. ... Synonym: full-thickness burn. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

third disease
Synonym for rubella ... <disease, virology> An acute, usually benign, infectious disease caused by a togavirus and most often affecting children and nonimmune young adults, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and spreads to the lymphatic system. ... It is characterised by a slight cold, sore throat and fever, foll …

third eyelid
Synonym for plica semilunaris conjunctivae ... The semilunar fold formed by the palpebral conjunctiva at the medial angle of the eye, a fold of the conjunctival mucous membrane found in many animals; normally partially hidden in the medial canthus of the eye when at rest, it may be extended to cover part or all of the cornea in a winking-like action …

third finger
Synonym for middle finger ... Third finger. ... Synonym: digitus medius, digitus tertius, third finger. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

third heart sound
Occurs in early diastole and corresponds with the end of the first phase of rapid ventricular filling; normal in children and younger people but abnormal in others. ... Synonym: third sound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

third law of thermodynamics
<chemistry> The entropy of a perfect crystal at 0 K is zero. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

third molar
Eighth permanent tooth in the maxilla and mandible on each side, making it the most posterior tooth in human dentition; usually erupts between the seventeenth and twenty-third years; the roots are often fused, the separation being marked only by grooves; because it tends to erupt in an anterosuperior direction, the lower third molar often becomes i …

third occipital nerve
<anatomy, nerve> Medial branch of the dorsal primary ramus of the third cervical nerve; this is usually joined with the greater occipital, but may exist as an independent nerve supplying cutaneous branches to the scalp and nucha. ... Synonym: nervus occipitalis tertius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

third ovary
An accessory ovary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

third parallel pelvic plane
Synonym for pelvic plane of least dimensions ... The plane that extends from the end of the sacrum to the inferior border of the pubic symphysis; it is bounded posteriorly by the end of the sacrum, laterally by the ischial spines, and anteriorly by the inferior border of the pubic symphysis. ... Synonym: midplane, plane of least pelvic dimensions, pl …

third peroneal muscle
Synonym for peroneus tertius ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, in common with musculus extensor digitorum longus; insertion, dorsum of base of fifth metatarsal bone; nerve supply, deep branch of peroneal; action, assists in dorsiflexion and eversion of foot. ... Synonym: musculus fibularis tertius, musculus peroneus tertius, third peroneal muscle.< …

third sound
Synonym for third heart sound ... Occurs in early diastole and corresponds with the end of the first phase of rapid ventricular filling; normal in children and younger people but abnormal in others. ... Synonym: third sound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...