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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

test types
Letters of various sizes used to test visual acuity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

test-retest reliability
<epidemiology> The consistency of measurement based on the correlation between test and retest scores for the same individual. ... See: coefficient, reliability. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

test-tube baby
Popular term for a baby born after uterine implantation of a maternal ovum fertilised in vitro. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

test, fisher's exact
A statistical test of independence much used in medical research. It tests the independence of rows and columns in a 2 x 2 contingency table (with 2 horizontal rows crossing 2 vertical columns creating 4 places for data) based on the exact sampling distribution of the observed frequencies. Hence it is an exact test. Devised by the great british sta …

test, glucose tolerance
After fasting, a specific amount (100 grams) of glucose is given by mouth, and the blood levels of this sugar are measured every hour. Normally, the blood glucose should return to normal within 2 to 2 1/2 hours. The gtt is considered a classic test of carbohydrate metabolism. It is much used in the diagnosis of diabetes. The gtt depends on a number …

test, skin, for allergy
A test done on the skin to identify the allergy substance (allergen) triggering the allergic reaction. A small amount of the suspected allergy substance is placed on the skin. The skin is then gently scratched through the small drop with a special sterile needle. If the skin reddens and, more importantly, swells, then allergy to that substance is p …

testa
<plant biology> Outer covering of a seed, also called the seed coat, derived from the integument of the ovary. ... (13 Jan 1998) ...

Testacealobosia
A subclass of the subphylum Sarcodina (amoebae), in which the cells are provided with a firm chitinous envelope, often containing earthy material, with an opening through which the pseudopodia are protruded. ... Origin: L. Testa, shell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testaceous
1. Of or pertaining to shells; consisted of a hard shell, or having a hard shell. ... 2. <botany> Having a dull red brick colour or a brownish yellow colour. ... <zoology> Testaceous animals, animals having a firm, calcareous shell, as oysters and clams, thus distinguished from crustaceous animals, whose shells are more thin and soft, and …

testalgia
Synonym: orchialgia. ... Origin: testis + G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testament
1. A solemn, authentic instrument in writing, by which a person declares his will as to disposal of his estate and effects after his death. ... This is otherwise called a will, and sometimes a last will and testament. A testament, to be valid, must be made by a person of sound mind; and it must be executed and published in due form of law. A man, in …

testectomy
Synonym: orchiectomy. ... Origin: testis + G. G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testes
Plural of testis. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testicle
<anatomy> One of two glandular bodies contained in the scrotum of the male, they form sperm and also the male sex hormone testosterone. ... (13 Jan 1998) ...

testicles
The male sex glands. The testicles produce and store sperm and are the major source of testosterone. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

testicular
<anatomy> Pertaining to a testis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

testicular appendage
A vesicular nonpedunculated structure attached to the cephalic pole of the testis; a vestige of the cephalic end of the paramesonephric (mullerian) duct. ... Synonym: appendix testis, appendix of the testis, nonpedunculated hydatid, ovarium masculinum, sessile hydatid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testicular artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, aorta; branches, ureteral, cremasteric, epididymal; distribution, testicle and parts designated by names of branches; anastomoses, branches of renal, inferior epigastric, deferential. ... Synonym: arteria testicularis, arteria spermatica interna, internal spermatic artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testicular biopsy
<procedure> The removal of a fragment of a testicle for examination under the microscope. ... (13 Jan 1998) ...

testicular cancer
<oncology> A malignant growth that arises from a glandular cell in the testis. ... Common symptoms include a painless testicular mass in a male between the ages of 15 and 35 years. Monthly self-examinations are recommended in those between the ages of 15 and 39 years of age. ... (13 Jan 1998) ...

testicular cord
Synonym for spermatic cord ... <anatomy> A group of structures which go through the inguinal canal to the testis. The structures include the vas deferens, arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

testicular duct
Synonym for ductus deferens ... The secretory duct of the testicle, running from the epididymis, of which it is the continuation, to the prostatic urethra where it terminates as the ejaculatory duct. ... Synonym: deferent canal, deferent duct, spermatic duct, spermiduct, testicular duct, vas deferens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testicular dysgenesis
A congenital derangement of seminiferous tubular structure and function, resulting in male infertility; the defect in spermatogenesis may be incomplete, as in maturational arrest or premature sloughing, or spermatogenesis may be completely absent, as in the Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testicular feminisation
<endocrinology> if genetic males lack receptors for testosterone they develop as females and are unresponsive to male hormones. ... (13 Jan 1998) ...

testicular feminization
A condition, due to lack of cellular receptors for testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, in which the subject is phenotypically female but lacks nuclear sex chromatin and is of xy chromosomal sex. The uterus and tubes are absent or rudimentary, and the gonads are typically testes and may be abdominal or inguinal in position. The incomplete form is …

testicular feminization syndrome
<syndrome> A type of male pseudohermaphroditism characterised by female external genitalia (may be ambiguous if the syndrome is incomplete), incompletely developed vagina often with rudimentary uterus and fallopian tubes, female habitus at puberty but with scanty or absent axillary and pubic hair and amenorrhoea, and testes present within the …

testicular implant
A device placed surgically in the scrotum in males with absence or severe hypoplasia of the testis. ... Synonym: testicular prosthesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testicular microlithiasis
<radiology> Ultrasound features: multiple intratesticular non-shadowing echogenic foci, size: 1 - 3 mm, variable number, distribution: usually diffuse pathology: cellular degeneration, central calcified core clinical significance: prevalence: 0.05-0.6%, possible association with primary testicular malignancy, association: cryptorchid testes, …

testicular plexus
The autonomic plexus derived from the aortic plexus and accompanying the testicular artery. ... Synonym: plexus testicularis, spermatic plexus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testicular prosthesis
Synonym for testicular implant ... A device placed surgically in the scrotum in males with absence or severe hypoplasia of the testis. ... Synonym: testicular prosthesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testicular relapse
<oncology> Recurrence of leukaemia in the testicles. The disease may be restricted to the testicles or may also show evidence of disease in either the bone marrow or CNS. Treatment will depend on the timing and extent of relapsed disease. ... (13 Jan 1998) ...

testicular scan
<radiology> Tc-99m pertechnetate 30 mCi, interpretation: torsion = cold defect, epididymo-orchitis = hot spot, trauma = hot or cold ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

testicular torsion
<surgery> An acute condition that results when there is a twisting of the spermatic cord in the scrotum, thus compromising the blood supply to that testicle. ... Symptoms include severe testicular pain and swelling. ... (13 Jan 1998) ...

testicular tubular adenoma
Synonym for androblastoma ... A neoplasm of the ovary, arising from the ovarian stroma, mimicking to a greater or lesser extent derivatives of the sex cord mesenchyme of the testis, and sometimes causing defeminization and virilization. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

testicular veins
See: right testicular vein, left testicular vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testiculus
Synonym: testis. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testing
1. The act of testing or proving; trial; proof. ... 2. <chemistry> The operation of refining gold or silver in a test, or cupel; cupellation. ... <engineering> Testing machine, a machine used in the determination of the strength of materials, as iron, stone, etc, and their behavior under strains of various kinds, as elongation, bending, c …

testing, anonymous
Testing in which no name or other means is used to identify the person tested. There is total anonymity. For example, the state of florida requires that each county have a site for anonymous HIV testing. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

testis cords
The germinal cord's of the embryonic testis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testis ectopia
Testis that is malpositioned other than along the normal path of descent. ... Synonym: ectopia testis, parorchidium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testis-determining factor
The product of a gene on the short arm of the Y chromosome that is responsible for production of testes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testitis
Synonym for orchitis ... <pathology> Inflammation of a testis. The disease is marked by pain, swelling and a feeling of weight. It may occur idiopathically or it may be associated with conditions such as mumps, gonorrhoea, filarial disease, syphilis or tuberculosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

testoid
Synonym: androgenic, androgen. ... Origin: testis + G. Eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testoid hyperthecosis
Hyperplasia of Leydig cells of the testis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testolactone
<chemical> A synthetic antineoplastic agent produced by microbial transformation of progesterone, testosterone, or other steroidal substaces. It is used as adjunctive therapy in the palliative treatment of advanced or disseminated breast cancer in postmenopausal women. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, hormonal. ... Chemical nam …

testosterone
<hormone> Male sex hormone (androgen) secreted by the interstitial cells of the testis of mammals and responsible for triggering the development of sperm and of many secondary sexual characteristics. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

testosterone 15-alpha hydroxylase
<enzyme> A haem-thiolate protein (cytochrome p-450) ... Registry number: EC 1.14.15.- ... Synonym: cytochrome p-450(15alpha), testosterone 15-alpha monooxygenase, steroid 15-alpha-hydroxylase, cytochrome p-4502a-4, cyp2a-4, cyp2a4 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

testosterone 16 beta-hydroxylase
<enzyme> See also testosterone hydroxylase ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... Synonym: ttt 16 beta-hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Catalyses reversibly the oxidation of testosterone to 4-androstene-3,17-dione in the presence of nad; was mapped to testosterone dehydrogenases (81-93) (see under 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (81-90); on-line search 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (81-93), index medicus see testosterone dehydrogenases (91-93) and 17-hydroxystero …

testosterone 2alpha-hydroxylase
<enzyme> From mouse liver, member of the murine cytochrome p450 2d family; amino-terminal amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... Synonym: cytochrome p450 2alpha, cytochrome p-450 2alpha, androstenedione 2alpha-hydroxylase, androgen 2alpha-hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

testosterone 5-alpha-reductase
<enzyme> Chemical name: 3-Oxo-5 alpha-steroid:(acceptor) delta(4)-oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.3.99.5 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

testosterone 6-beta hydroxylase
<enzyme> Pcn2 is an allelic variant form (2 amino acid alterations); for cyp3a2, consider also lidocaine n-deethylase ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... Synonym: cytochrome p450(6 beta), cytochrome p-450 6b-1(pb1), cyp6b1, testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase, cyt p450 6beta-3, cytochrome p450(pcn2), 6beta-a gene product, cyp3a2, cyp6b3 ... (26 Jun …

testosterone cypionate
A preparation with the same actions and uses as testosterone propionate, but with a prolonged duration of action. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testosterone enanthate
A preparation with the same actions and uses as testosterone, but with a prolonged duration of action, being administered in oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testosterone hydroxylase
<enzyme> Acts at positions 6 alpha, 7 alpha and 16 alpha; see also records for testosterone 16 beta-hydroxylase and testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase ... Registry number: EC 1.14.- ... Synonym: testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase, testosterone 7 alpha-hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

testosterone propionate
<drug> A preparation that has an action similar to but more pronounced and prolonged than that of testosterone; used in the treatment of undescended testes and in menorrhagia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testosterone sulfotransferase
<enzyme> Probably an aspect of EC 2.8.2.15, steroid sulfotransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.8.2.- ... Synonym: testosterone sulphotransferase, budesonide sulphotransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

tests of criminal responsibility
In forensic psychiatry, legal precedents upon which are based decisions concerning insanity in criminals. ... See: American Law Institute rule, Durham rule, M'Naghten rule, New Hampshire rule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

testudo
Origin: L, from testa the shell of shellfish, or of testaceous animals. ... 1. <zoology> A genus of tortoises which formerly included a large number of diverse forms, but is now restricted to certain terrestrial species, such as the European land tortoise (Testudo Graeca) and the gopher of the Southern United States. ... 2. A cover or screen wh …

Tet DNA polymerase
<enzyme> From thermus thermophilus; thermostable, used as a replacement for taq polymerase in DNA sequencing ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- ... Synonym: DNA polymerase tet ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

tetania
An obsolete synonym for tetany. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetania gastrica
Synonym for gastric tetany ... Tetany associated with a gastric disorder, especially with loss of HCl by vomiting. ... Synonym: tetania gastrica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetania gravidarum
Tetany in pregnant women. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetania neonatorum
Synonym for neonatal tetany ... Hypocalcaemic tetany occurring in neonates or young infants, due to transient functional hypoparathyroidism in consumption of cow's milk (high phosphorus content). ... Synonym: myotonia neonatorum, tetania neonatorum, tetanism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetania parathyreopriva
Synonym for parathyroid tetany ... Tetany due to lack of parathyroid function, spontaneous or following excision of the parathyroid glands. ... Synonym: hypoparathyroid tetany, parathyroprival tetany, tetania parathyreopriva. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanic
1. <physiology> Of or pertaining to tetanus; having the character of tetanus; as, a tetanic state; tetanic contraction. 'This condition of muscle, this fusion of a number of simple spasms into an apparently smooth, continuous effort, is known as tetanus, or tetanic contraction.' (Foster) ... 2. <medicine> Producing, or tending to produce …

tetanic convulsion
Synonym for tonic convulsion ... A convulsion in which muscle contraction is sustained. ... Synonym: tetanic convulsion, tonic seizure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanigenous
Causing tetanus or tetaniform spasms. ... Origin: tetanus + G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanilla
Synonym: fibrillary myoclonia, tetany. ... Origin: Mod. L. Dim. Of L. Tetanus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanise
To stimulate a muscle by a rapid series of stimuli so that the individual muscular responses (contractions) are fused into a sustained contraction; to cause tetanus in a muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanism
Synonym for neonatal tetany ... Hypocalcaemic tetany occurring in neonates or young infants, due to transient functional hypoparathyroidism in consumption of cow's milk (high phosphorus content). ... Synonym: myotonia neonatorum, tetania neonatorum, tetanism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetano-
Combining forms denoting tetanus, tetany. ... Origin: G. Tetanos, convulsive tension ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanode
Denoting the quiet interval between the recurrent tonic spasms in tetanus. ... Origin: G. Tetanodes ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanolysin
<protein> Thiol activated haemolysin released by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

tetanometer
An instrument for measuring the force of tonic muscular spasms. ... Origin: tetano-+ G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanospasmin
<protein> See tetanus toxin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

tetanotoxin
Synonym: tetanus toxin. ... Origin: tetano-+ G. Toxikon, poison ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanus
1. An acute, often fatal infectious disease caused by the anaerobic, spore forming bacillus Clostridium tetani, the agent most often enters the body through contaminated puncture wounds (for example those caused by metal nails, wood splinters or insect bites), although other portals of entry include burns, surgical wounds, cutaneous ulcers, injecti …

tetanus and gas gangrene antitoxins
A mixture of antibodies obtained from animals immunised against the toxins of Clostridium tetani, C. Perfringens, and C. Septicum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanus antitoxin
Antitoxin specific for the toxin of Clostridium tetani. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanus antitoxin unit
The antitoxin activity of 0.3094 mg of standard tetanus antitoxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanus dorsalis
Synonym for opisthotonos ... <neurology> A form of spasm in which the head and the heels are bent backward and the body bowed forward. ... Origin: Gr. Tonos = tension ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

tetanus immune globulin
<protein> A protein antibody to tetanus toxin, given as passive immunity for those lacking any prior tetanus vaccination. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

tetanus immunoglobulin
Synonym for tetanus immune globulin ... <protein> A protein antibody to tetanus toxin, given as passive immunity for those lacking any prior tetanus vaccination. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

tetanus neonatorum
Tetanus occurring in newborn infants, usually due to infection of umbilical area with Clostridium tetani, often a result of ritualistic practices; has high fatality rate (about 60%). ... Synonym: neonatal tetanus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanus posticus
Synonym for opisthotonos ... <neurology> A form of spasm in which the head and the heels are bent backward and the body bowed forward. ... Origin: Gr. Tonos = tension ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

tetanus shot
Immunisation for tetanus. Should be given every five years when indicated. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

tetanus toxin
<protein> Neurotoxin released by Clostridium tetani, becomes active when peptide cleaved proteolytically to heavy (100 kD) and light (50 kD) chains held together by disulphide bond. Heavy chain binds to disialogangliosides (GD2 and GD1b) and part of the peptide (the amino terminal B fragment) forms a pore: light chain is a zinc endopeptidase …

tetanus vaccine
See: diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis vaccine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetanus-perfringens antitoxin
An antitoxin prepared from animals immunised against the toxins of Clostridium tetani and C. Perfringens (C. Welchii). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetany
1. Hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles due to decrease in concentration of extracellular ionised calcium, which may be associated with such conditions as parathyroid hypofunction, vitamin D deficiency and alkalosis or result from ingestion of alkaline salts, it is characterised by carpopedal spasm, muscular twitching and cramps, laryngospasm wi …

tetany cataract
A cataract that develops in hypocalcaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetany of alkalosis
Tetany due to a loss of acid from the body or an increase in alkali, resulting in a reduction of ionised calcium in plasma and body fluids, e.g., hyperventilation tetany (loss of CO2), gastric tetany (loss of HCl by vomiting), or injection or ingestion of excessive amounts of sodium bicarbonate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Tete viruses
A serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, comprising a number of types. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tethered cord syndrome
<syndrome> Abnormal low positioning (below the L2 vertebrae) of the distal spinal cord (conus medullaris) by the filum terminale. May be associated with incontinence, progressive motor and sensory impairment in the legs, pain, and scoliosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetra-
1. <prefix> A combining form or prefix signifying four, as in tetrabasic, tetrapetalous. ... 2. <chemistry> A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting four proportional or combining parts of the substance or ingredient denoted by the term to which it is prefixed, as in tetra-chloride, tetroxide. ... Origin: Gr, from, four. ... (29 O …

tetra-amelia
Absence of upper and lower limbs. ... Origin: tetra-+ G. A-priv. + melos, limb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetrabenazine
<chemical> A drug formerly used as an antipsychotic but now used primarily in the treatment of various movement disorders including tardive dyskinesia. Tetrabenazine blocks uptake into adrenergic storage vesicles and has been used as a high affinity label for the vesicle transport system. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic uptake inhibitor …

tetraboric acid
Perboric or pyroboric acid. ... Synonym: pyroboric acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

tetrabrachius
An individual with four arms. ... Origin: tetra-+ G. Brachion, arm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...