Abundant A·bun"dant adjective [ Middle English (h)abundant , aboundant , French abondant , from Latin abudans , present participle of abundare . See Abound .] Fully sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed by in , rarely by with . " Abundant in goodness and truth." Exod. xxxiv. 6. Abundant number (Math.) , a number, the sum of whose aliquot parts exceeds the number itself. Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This is opposed to a deficient number, as 14, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a perfect number, which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3. Syn. -- Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant; overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal. See Ample .

Abundantly A·bun"dant·ly adverb In a sufficient degree; fully; amply; plentifully; in large measure.

Aburst A·burst" adverb [ Prefix a- + burst .] In a bursting condition.

Abusable A·bus"a·ble adjective That may be abused.

Abusage A·bus"age noun Abuse. [ Obsolete] Whately (1634).

Abuse A·buse" transitive verb [ imperfect & past participle Abused ; present participle & verbal noun Abusing .] [ French abuser ; Latin abusus , past participle of abuti to abuse, misuse; ab + uti to use. See Use .] 1. To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to misuse; to put to a bad use; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert; as, to abuse inherited gold; to make an excessive use of; as, to abuse one's authority.

This principle (if one may so abuse the word) shoots rapidly into popularity.
Froude.

2. To use ill; to maltreat; to act injuriously to; to punish or to tax excessively; to hurt; as, to abuse prisoners, to abuse one's powers, one's patience. 3. To revile; to reproach coarsely; to disparage.

The . . . tellers of news abused the general.
Macaulay.

4. To dishonor. "Shall flight abuse your name?" Shak. 5. To violate; to ravish. Spenser. 6. To deceive; to impose on. [ Obsolete]

Their eyes red and staring, cozened with a moist cloud, and abused by a double object.
Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- To maltreat; injure; revile; reproach; vilify; vituperate; asperse; traduce; malign.

Abuse A·buse" noun [ French abus , Latin abusus , from abuti . See Abuse , transitive verb ] 1. Improper treatment or use; application to a wrong or bad purpose; misuse; as, an abuse of our natural powers ; an abuse of civil rights, or of privileges or advantages; an abuse of language.

Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power.
Madison.

2. Physical ill treatment; injury. "Rejoice . . . at the abuse of Falstaff." Shak. 3. A corrupt practice or custom; offense; crime; fault; as, the abuses in the civil service.

Abuse after disappeared without a struggle..
Macaulay.

4. Vituperative words; coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; virulent condemnation; reviling.

The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse , came to blows.
Macaulay.

5. Violation; rape; as, abuse of a female child. [ Obsolete]

Or is it some abuse , and no such thing?
Shak.

Abuse of distress (Law) , a wrongful using of an animal or chattel distrained, by the distrainer. Syn. -- Invective; contumely; reproach; scurrility; insult; opprobrium. -- Abuse , Invective . Abuse is generally prompted by anger, and vented in harsh and unseemly words. It is more personal and coarse than invective . Abuse generally takes place in private quarrels; invective in writing or public discussions. Invective may be conveyed in refined language and dictated by indignation against what is blameworthy. C. J. Smith.

Abuseful A·buse"ful adjective Full of abuse; abusive. [ R.] " Abuseful names." Bp. Barlow.

Abuser A·bus"er noun One who abuses [ in the various senses of the verb].

Abusion A·bu"sion noun [ Middle English abusion , abusioun , Old French abusion , from Latin abusio misuse of words, f. abuti . See Abuse , transitive verb ] Evil or corrupt usage; abuse; wrong; reproach; deception; cheat. Chaucer.

Abusive A·bu"sive adjective [ Confer French abusif , from Latin abusivus .] 1. Wrongly used; perverted; misapplied.

I am . . . necessitated to use the word Parliament improperly, according to the abusive acceptation thereof.
Fuller.

2. Given to misusing; also, full of abuses. [ Archaic] "The abusive prerogatives of his see." Hallam. 3. Practicing abuse; prone to ill treat by coarse, insulting words or by other ill usage; as, an abusive author; an abusive fellow. 4. Containing abuse, or serving as the instrument of abuse; vituperative; reproachful; scurrilous. "An abusive lampoon." Johnson. 5. Tending to deceive; fraudulent; cheating. [ Obsolete] "An abusive treaty." Bacon. Syn. -- Reproachful; scurrilous; opprobrious; insolent; insulting; injurious; offensive; reviling.

Abusively A·bu"sive·ly adverb In an abusive manner; rudely; with abusive language.

Abusiveness A·bu"sive·ness noun The quality of being abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person.

Pick out mirth, like stones out of thy ground,
Profaneness, filthiness, abusiveness .
Herbert.

Abut A·but" intransitive verb [ imperfect & past participle Abutted ; present participle & verbal noun Abutting .] [ Old French abouter , aboter ; confer French aboutir , and also abuter ; a (L. ad ) + Old French boter , buter , to push: confer French bout end, and but end, purpose.] To project; to terminate or border; to be contiguous; to meet; -- with on , upon , or against ; as, his land abuts on the road.

Abutilon A·bu"ti·lon noun [ Arabic aubūtīlūn .] (Botany) A genus of malvaceous plants of many species, found in the torrid and temperate zones of both continents; -- called also Indian mallow .

Abutment A·but"ment (ȧ*bŭt"m e nt) noun 1. State of abutting. 2. That on or against which a body abuts or presses ; as (a) (Architecture) The solid part of a pier or wall, etc., which receives the thrust or lateral pressure of an arch, vault, or strut. Gwilt. (b) (Mech.) A fixed point or surface from which resistance or reaction is obtained, as the cylinder head of a steam engine, the fulcrum of a lever, etc. (c) In breech-loading firearms, the block behind the barrel which receives the pressure due to recoil.

Abuttal A·but"tal noun The butting or boundary of land, particularly at the end; a headland. Spelman.

Abutter A·but"ter noun One who, or that which, abuts. Specifically, the owner of a contiguous estate; as, the abutters on a street or a river.

Abuzz A·buzz" adjective [ Prefix a- + buzz .] In a buzz; buzzing. [ Colloq.] Dickens.

Aby, Abye A·by", A·bye" transitive verb & i. [ imperfect & past participle Abought ] [ Anglo-Saxon ābycgan to pay for; prefix ā- (cf. Goth. us- , German er- , orig. meaning out ) + bycgan to buy. See Buy , and confer Abide .] 1. To pay for; to suffer for; to atone for; to make amends for; to give satisfaction. [ Obsolete]

Lest to thy peril thou aby it dear.
Shak.

2. To endure; to abide. [ Obsolete]

But nought that wanteth rest can long aby .
Spenser.

Abysm A·bysm" noun [ Old French abisme ; French abime , Late Latin abyssimus , a superl. of Latin abyssus ; Greek .... See Abyss .] An abyss; a gulf. "The abysm of hell." Shak.

Abysmal A·bys"mal adjective Pertaining to, or resembling, an abyss; bottomless; unending; profound.

Geology gives one the same abysmal extent of time that astronomy does of space.
Carlyle.

Abysmally A·bys"mal·ly adverb To a fathomless depth; profoundly. " Abysmally ignorant." G. Eliot.

Abyss A·byss" noun [ Latin abyssus a bottomless gulf, from Greek ... bottomless; 'a priv. + ... depth, bottom.] 1. A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable, and, specifically, hell, or the bottomless pit.

Ye powers and spirits of this nethermost abyss .
Milton.

The throne is darkness, in the abyss of light.
Dryden.

2. Infinite time; a vast intellectual or moral depth.

The abysses of metaphysical theology.
Macaulay.

In unfathomable abysses of disgrace.
Burke.

3. (Her.) The center of an escutcheon. » This word, in its leading uses, is associated with the cosmological notions of the Hebrews, having reference to a supposed illimitable mass of waters from which our earth sprung, and beneath whose profound depths the wicked were punished. Encyc. Brit.

Abyssal A·byss"al adjective [ Confer Abysmal .] Belonging to, or resembling, an abyss; unfathomable. Abyssal zone (Physics Geology) , one of the belts or zones into which Sir E. Forbes divides the bottom of the sea in describing its plants, animals, etc. It is the one furthest from the shore, embracing all beyond one hundred fathoms deep. Hence, abyssal animals, plants, etc.

Abyssinian Ab`ys·sin"i·an adjective Of or pertaining to Abyssinia. Abyssinian gold , an alloy of 90.74 parts of copper and 8.33 parts of zink. Ure.

Abyssinian Ab`ys·sin"i·an noun 1. A native of Abyssinia. 2. A member of the Abyssinian Church.

Acacia A·ca"ci·a noun (Antiq.) A roll or bag, filled with dust, borne by Byzantine emperors, as a memento of mortality. It is represented on medals.

Acacia A·ca"cia noun ; plural English Acacias Latin Acaciæ [ Latin from Greek ...; orig. the name of a thorny tree found in Egypt; probably from the root ak to be sharp. See Acute .] 1. A genus of leguminous trees and shrubs. Nearly 300 species are Australian or Polynesian, and have terete or vertically compressed leaf stalks, instead of the bipinnate leaves of the much fewer species of America, Africa, etc. Very few are found in temperate climates. 2. (Medicine) The inspissated juice of several species of acacia; -- called also gum acacia , and gum arabic .

Acacin, Acacine Ac"a·cin, Ac"a·cine noun Gum arabic.

Academe Ac`a·deme" noun [ Latin academia . See Academy .] An academy. [ Poetic] Shak.

Academial Ac`a·de"mi·al adjective Academic. [ R.]

Academian Ac`a·de"mi·an noun A member of an academy, university, or college.

Academic Ac`a·dem"ic noun 1. One holding the philosophy of Socrates and Plato; a Platonist. Hume. 2. A member of an academy, college, or university; an academician.

Academic, Academical Ac`a·dem"ic, Ac`a·dem"ic·al adjective [ Latin academicus : confer French académigue . See Academy .] 1. Belonging to the school or philosophy of Plato; as, the Academic sect or philosophy. 2. Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning; scholarly; literary or classical, in distinction from scientific. " Academic courses." Warburton. " Academical study." Berkeley.

Academically Ac`a·dem`ic·al·ly adverb In an academical manner.

Academicals Ac`a·dem"ic·als noun plural The articles of dress prescribed and worn at some colleges and universities.

Academician Ac`a·de·mi"cian (#; 277) noun [ French académicien . See Academy .] 1. A member of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, as of the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of arts. 2. A collegian. [ R.] Chesterfield.

Academicism Ac`a·dem"i·cism noun 1. A tenet of the Academic philosophy. 2. A mannerism or mode peculiar to an academy.

Academism A·cad"e·mism noun The doctrines of the Academic philosophy. [ Obsolete] Baxter.

Academist A·cad"e·mist noun [ French academiste .] 1. An Academic philosopher. 2. An academician. [ Obsolete] Ray.

Academy A·cad"e·my noun ; plural Academies [ French académie , Latin academia . Confer Academe .] 1. A garden or grove near Athens (so named from the hero Academus ), where Plato and his followers held their philosophical conferences; hence, the school of philosophy of which Plato was head. 2. An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university. Popularly, a school, or seminary of learning, holding a rank between a college and a common school. 3. A place of training; a school. " Academies of fanaticism." Hume. 4. A society of learned men united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science; as, the French Academy ; the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; academies of literature and philology. 5. A school or place of training in which some special art is taught; as, the military academy at West Point; a riding academy ; the Academy of Music. Academy figure (Paint.) , a drawing usually half life-size, in crayon or pencil, after a nude model.

Acadian A·ca"di·an adjective Of or pertaining to Acadie, or Nova Scotia. " Acadian farmers." Longfellow. -- noun A native of Acadie. Acadian epoch (Geol.) , an epoch at the beginning of the American paleozoic time, and including the oldest American rocks known to be fossiliferous. See Geology . -- Acadian owl (Zoology) , a small North American owl ( Nyctule Acadica ); the saw-whet.

Acajou Ac"a·jou noun [ French See Cashew .] (Botany) (a) The cashew tree; also, its fruit. See Cashew . (b) The mahogany tree; also, its timber.

Acaleph, Acalephan Ac"a·leph, Ac`a·le"phan noun ; plural Acalephs Acalephans [ See Acalephæ .] (Zoology) One of the Acalephæ.

Acalephoid Ac`ale"phoid adjective [ Acaleph + - oid .] (Zoology) Belonging to or resembling the Acalephæ or jellyfishes.

Acalephæ Ac`a·le"phæ noun plural [ New Latin , from Greek ..., a nettle.] A group of Cœlenterata, including the Medusæ or jellyfishes, and hydroids; -- so called from the stinging power they possess. Sometimes called sea nettles .

Acalycine, Acalysinous A·cal"y·cine, Ac`a·lys`i·nous adjective [ Greek 'a priv. + ... calyx.] (Botany) Without a calyx, or outer floral envelope.

Acanth A·canth" noun Same as Acanthus .

Acantha A·can"tha noun [ Greek ... thorn, from ... point. See Acute .] 1. (Botany) A prickle. 2. (Zoology) A spine or prickly fin. 3. (Anat.) The vertebral column; the spinous process of a vertebra. Dunglison.