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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

stamp
1. To strike beat, or press forcibly with the bottom of the foot, or by thrusting the foot downward. 'He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.' (Dryden) ... 2. To bring down (the foot) forcibly on the ground or floor; as, he stamped his foot with rage. ... 3. <chemistry> To crush; to pulverize; specifically, to crush by the blow of …

stanch
1. Strong and tight; sound; firm; as, a stanch ship. 'One of the closets is parqueted with plain deal, set in diamond, exceeding stanch and pretty.' (Evelyn) ... 2. Firm in principle; constant and zealous; loyal; hearty; steady; steadfast; as, a stanch churchman; a stanch friend or adherent. 'In politics I hear you 're stanch.' (Prior) ... 3. Close; …

stand
1. To be at rest in an erect position; to be fixed in an upright or firm position; as: To be supported on the feet, in an erect or nearly erect position; opposed to lie, sit, kneel, etc. 'I pray you all, stand up!' . ... To continue upright in a certain locality, as a tree fixed by the roots, or a building resting on its foundation. 'It stands as it …

stand conversion
The conversion of a noncommercial stand of timber to a commercial stand. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

stand density
The number or mass of trees occupying a site. It is usually measured in terms of stand density index or basal area per acre. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

standard
1. A flag; colours; a banner; especially, a national or other ensign. 'His armies, in the following day, On those fair plains their standards proud display.' (Fairfax) ... 2. That which is established by authority as a rule for the measure of quantity, extent, value, or quality; especially, the original specimen weight or measure sanctioned by gover …

standard atmosphere
The pressure of the atmosphere at mean sea level, equivalent to 1,013,250 dynes/cm2 or 101,325 Pa (N/m2 in the SI system), a standardised expression of the relation of barometric pressure, temperature, and other atmospheric variables as a function of altitude above sea level. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standard cell
An electrical cell having a definite known voltage; used to calibrate other electric cell's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standard deviation
Statistical index of the degree of deviation from central tendency, namely, of the variability within a distribution; the square root of the average of the squared deviation's from the mean. ... A measure of dispersion or variation used to describe a characteristic of a frequency distribution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standard dosing
An established model of administering medication. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

standard error of difference
A statistical index of the probability that a difference between two sample means is greater than zero. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standard error of the mean
A statistical index of the probability that a given sample mean is representative of the mean of the population from which the sample was drawn. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standard limb lead
One of the three original bipolar limb lead's of the clinical electrocardiogram, designated I, II and III: lead I records the potential difference between the right and left arms; lead II the difference between right arm and left leg; and lead III the difference between left arm and left leg. ... Synonym: indirect lead. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standard operating procedure
<microscopy> A written set of instructions detailing the normal procedures for operating a piece of equipment. ... WWW: Available online ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

standard pressure
The absolute pressure to which gases are referred under standard conditions (STPD), i.e., 760 mm Hg, 760 torr, or 101,325 newtons/m2 (i.e., 101,325 Pa). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standard score
A statistically referenced or derived score representing the deviation of a raw score from its mean in standard deviation units. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standard solution
Standardised solution, a solution of known concentration, used as a standard of comparison or analysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standard state
<chemistry> The most stable form of a substance at 298 K and 1 atmosphere of pressure. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

standard substance
A pure, authentic substance used for identification purposes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standard temperature
A temperature of 0°C or 273.15° absolute (Kelvin). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standard urea clearance
The value obtained when the square root of the urine flow (when below 2 ml/min) is multiplied by the urine urea concentration and divided by the whole blood urea concentration; represents an old empirical adjustment for the effect of low urine flow on urea excretion; sometimes corrected for body size by dividing by some function of body weight or s …

standard volume
The volume of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure, approximately 22.414 liters. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standardise
To compare with or conform to a standard, to establish standards. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

standardised mortality ratio
The ratio of the number of events observed in a population to the number that would be expected if the population had the same distribution as a standard or reference population. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standardization
1. The making of a solution of definite strength so that it may be used for comparison and in tests. ... 2. Making any drug or other preparation conform to the type or standard. ... 3. A set of techniques used to remove as far as possible the effects of differences in the age or other confounding variables when comparing two or more populations. ... S …

standards and guidelines
Bounds or constraints within which all practices in a given area will be carried out, in achieving the goals and objectives for that area. Standards and guidelines provide environmental safeguards and also describe constraints prescribed by law. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

standby pulse generator
Synonym for ventricular inhibited pulse generator ... A generator which suppresses its output in response to natural ventricular activity but which, in the absence of such activity, functions as an asynchronous pulse generator. ... Synonym: demand pulse generator, standby pulse generator. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standing crop
The abundance, total weight, or energy content of organisms existing in a specified area at a given time. ... In relation to plants it usually refers to normal harvesting procedures, unless specified, for the particular plant under consideration and may not necessarily include the entire plant. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

standing plasma test
If plasma is stored at 4°C upright in a test tube, chylomicrons will float to the top and form a creamy layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standing stock
The number of organisms present in an area at a particular time. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

standing test
A test for the effect of a hypotensive drug, carried out by the patient: after taking the drug, he stands perfectly still for one minute commencing from the time that the maximal action of the drug should be manifested; if the dose is adequate, the patient should experience a slight hypotensive reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

standpipe
1. <engineering> A vertical pipe, open at the top, between a hydrant and a reservoir, to equalize the flow of water; also, a large vertical pipe, near a pumping engine, into which water is forced up, so as to give it sufficient head to rise to the required level at a distance. ... 2. A supply pipe of sufficient elevation to enable the water to …

standstill
Cessation of activity. ... Atrial standstill, cessation of atrial contractions, marked by absence of atrial waves in the electrocardiogram. ... Synonym: auricular standstill. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stanford-Binet intelligence scale
A standardised test for the measurement of intelligence consisting of a series of questions, graded according to the intelligence of normal children at different ages, the answers to which indicate the mental age of the person tested; primarily used with children, but also contains norms for adults standardised against adult age levels rather than …

stanford-binet test
An individual intelligence test designed primarily for school children to predict school performance and the ability to adjust to everyday demands. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Stanley
Edward, English surgeon, 1793-1862. ... See: Stanley's cervical ligaments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stanley Cohen
Synonym for Cohen, Stanley ... <person> Born 1922. A molecular biologist who was the first to do experiments in the molecular cloning of genes from one strain of bacteria into another. ... In particular, he cloned the gene for resistance to tetracycline (an antibiotic), found in Staphylococcus aureus, into Escherichia coli, which did not have r …

Stanley Way
See: Way. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stanley Way procedure
A radical vulvectomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stanley's cervical ligaments
Fibres of the capsule of the hip joint reflected onto the neck of the femur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stannel
<zoology> The kestrel. ... Synonym: standgale, standgall, stanchel, stand hawk, stannel hawk, steingale, stonegall. ... Alternative forms: staniel, stannyel, and stanyel] 'With what wing the staniel checks at it.' (Shak) ... Origin: AS. Stangella, stangilla; properly, stone yeller, i.e, a bird that yells from the rocks. See Stone, and Yell, and …

stannic
<chemistry> Of or pertaining to tin; derived from or containing tin; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with stannous compounds. Stannic acid. A hypothetical substance, Sn(OH)4, analogous to silic acid, and called also normal stannic acid. Metastannic acid. Stannic chloride, a thi …

stannic chloride
SnCl4;a fuming liquid (fuming spirit of Libavius), specific gravity 2.23, boiling point 115°C, that forms several hydrates; the pentahydrate (butter of tin) is used for mordanting and 'loading' or 'weighting' silk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stannic oxide
SnO2;used in industry; it is a cause of pneumoconiosis. ... Synonym: tin oxide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stannius
Herman F., German biologist, 1808-1883. ... See: Stannius ligature. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stannius ligature
A ligature placed either around the junction between the sinus venosus and atrium of the frog or turtle heart (first Stannius ligature) or around the atrioventricular junction (second Stannius ligature); demonstrates that the cardiac impulse is conducted from sinus venosus to atria to ventricle, but that successive chambers possess automaticity sin …

stanno-
<chemistry, prefix> A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting relation to, or connection with, tin, or including tin as an ingredient. ... Origin: L. Stannum = tin. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

stannoso-
<chemistry, prefix> A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting relation to, or connection with, certain stannnous compounds. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

stannous
<chemistry> Pertaining to, or containing, tin; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with stannic compounds. ... Stannous chloride, a white crystalline substance, SnCl2.(H2O)2, obtained by dissolving tin in hydrochloric acid. It is used as a mordant in dyeing. ... Source: Websters Dicti …

stannous fluoride
A preparation containing not less than 71.2% of stannous tin and not less than 22.3% nor more than 25.5% of fluoride; used as a prophylactic against caries in dentistry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stanolone
<chemical> Chemical name: Androstan-3-one, 17-hydroxy-, (5alpha,17beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

stanozolol
<chemical> A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. ... Pharmacological action: anabolic steroids. ... Chemical name: 2'H-Androst-2-eno(3,2-c)pyrazol-17-ol, 17-methyl-, (5alpha,17beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

stanza
Origin: It. Stanza a room, habitation, a stanza, i. E, a stop, fr. L. Stans, p.pr. Of stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. Estancia, Stance, Stanchion. ... 1. A number of lines or verses forming a division of a song or poem, and agreeing in meter, rhyme, number of lines, etc, with other divisions; a part of a poem, ordinarily containing every variatio …

stapedectomy
<procedure, surgery> Surgical removal of the stapes, one of the ossicles in the middle ear. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

stapedial artery
<anatomy, artery> A small artery in the embryo that passes through the ring of the stapes and is later obliterated; it is a second aortic arch derivative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stapedial fold
A reflection of the delicate mucous membrane from the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity that covers the stapes. ... Synonym: plica stapedis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stapedial membrane
The delicate mucosal layer that bridges the space between the crura and base of the stapes. ... Synonym: membrana stapedis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stapediotenotomy
<procedure> Division of the tendon of the stapedius muscle. ... Origin: stapedius + G. Tenon, tendon, + tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stapediovestibular
Relating to the stapes and the vestibule of the ear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stapedius
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, arises from the wall of the middle ear (internal walls of pyramidal eminence in tympanic cavity); insertion, neck of the stapes; action, dampens vibration of stapes by drawing head of stapes backward as a result of a protective reflex stimulated by loud noise; nerve supply, facial. ... Synonym: musculus stapedius, sta …

stapelia
<botany> An extensive and curious genus of African plants of the natural order Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed family). They are succulent plants without leaves, frequently covered with dark tubercles giving them a very grotesque appearance. The odour of the blossoms is like that of carrion. ... Origin: NL. So named after John Bodaeus a Stapel, a phy …

stapes
One of three ossicles of the middle ear. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

stapes mobilization
An operation to remobilise the footplate of the stapes to relieve conductive hearing impairment caused by its immobilization through otosclerosis or middle ear disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

stapes mobilization operation
Now infrequently used operation involving fracture of tissue immobilizing the stapes to restore hearing; especially used in patients with otosclerosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staph
Very commonly used shortened form of staphylococcus, a very common and important group of bacteria. See staphylococcus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

staphylectomy
Synonym: uvulectomy. ... Origin: staphyl-+ G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphyledema
Oedema of the uvula. ... Origin: staphyl-+ G. Oidema, swelling (oedema) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphylion
The midpoint of the posterior edge of the hard palate; a craniometric point. ... See: posterior nasal spine. ... Origin: G. Dim. Of staphyle, a bunch of grapes ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphylo-
Staphyl- ... Resemblance to a grape or a bunch of grapes, hence relating usually to staphylococci or, in obsolescent image, to the uvula palatina. ... See: uvulo-. ... Origin: G. Staphyle, a bunch of grapes ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphylo-opsonic index
The opsonic index calculated in relation to a staphylococcal infection, with a young culture of Staphylococcus aureus or the strain of staphylococcus from the patient being used in the test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphylococcaemia
The presence of staphylococci in the circulating blood. ... Synonym: staphylohemia. ... Origin: staphylo-+ G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphylococcal
Infection due to staphylococcus. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

staphylococcal food poisoning
Poisoning by staphylococcal toxins present in contaminated food. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

staphylococcal infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus staphylococcus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Staphylococcal neutral phosphatase
<enzyme> A surface-bound bacterial protein; highly cationic; shows maximum phosphatase activity at neutral pH; binds to immunoglobulin ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... Synonym: staphylococcal nptase, nptase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

staphylococcal pneumonia
Pneumonia, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, usually commencing as a bronchopneumonia, and frequently leading to suppuration and destruction of lung tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphylococcal protein a
A protein present in the cell wall of most staphylococcus aureus strains. The protein selectively binds to the fc region of human normal and myeloma-derived IgG. It elicits antibody activity and may cause hypersensitivity reactions due to histamine release; has also been used as cell surface antigen marker and in the clinical assessment of b lympho …

staphylococcal skin infections
Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus staphylococcus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

staphylococci
Synonym for Staphylococcus ... <bacteria> Genus of nonmotile gram-positive bacteria that are found in clusters and that produce important exotoxins. Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus pyogenes) is pyogenic, an opportunistic pathogen and responsible for a range of infections including severe sepsis, pneumonia, endocarditis and soft tissue in …

staphylococcia
Any staphylococcic infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphylococcic
Relating to or caused by any species of Staphylococcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphylococcins
Bacteriocins produced by staphylococci. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

staphylococcolysin
Synonym for staphylolysin ... 1. A haemolysin elaborated by a staphylococcus. ... 2. An antibody causing lysis of staphylococci. ... Synonym: staphylococcolysin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphylococcolysis
Lysis or destruction of staphylococci. ... Origin: staphylo-+ G. Lysis, dissolution ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphylococcosis
Infection by species of the bacterium Staphylococcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Staphylococcus
<bacteria> Genus of nonmotile gram-positive bacteria that are found in clusters and that produce important exotoxins. Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus pyogenes) is pyogenic, an opportunistic pathogen and responsible for a range of infections including severe sepsis, pneumonia, endocarditis and soft tissue infections. It has protein A on …

staphylococcus antitoxin
A preparation from native serum containing antitoxic globulins or their derivatives that specifically neutralise the lethal, skin-necrosing, and haemolytic properties of the alpha-toxin of Staphylococcus aureus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphylococcus aureus
Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

staphylococcus epidermidis
A species of staphylococcus that is a spherical, non-motile, gram-positive, chemoorganotrophic, facultative anaerobe. Mainly found on the skin and mucous membrane of warm-blooded animals, it can be primary pathogen or secondary invader. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Staphylococcus food poisoning
Outbreaks commonly caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin and characterised by an abrupt onset of gastroenteritis within several hours after ingestion of the food contaminated with the preformed exotoxin; vomiting is usually more severe and diarrhoea less severe than in infectious forms of bacterial food poisoning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Coagulase-negative staphylococcus indigenous to human and mammalian hosts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Staphylococcus hominis
Coagulase-negative staphylococcus indigenous to human and mammalian hosts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Staphylococcus hyicus
A species whose porcine subspecies are opportunistic pathogens associated with epidermites such as greasy pig disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphylococcus phages
Viruses whose host is staphylococcus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Staphylococcus pyogenes albus
A name formerly applied to the organisms which are now regarded as the mutants of Staphylococcus aureus which form white colonies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus
Synonym for staphylococcus aureus ... Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Staphylococcus saprophyticus
A genus that causes urinary tract infections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Staphylococcus simulans
Coagulase-negative staphylococcus indigenous to human and mammalian hosts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphylococcus vaccine
A suspension of organisms from cultures of one or more strains of Staphylococcus; used for furunculosis, acne, and other suppurative conditions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

staphyloderma
Pyoderma due to staphylococci. ... Origin: staphylo-+ G. Derma, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...