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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


steroid 12-monooxygenase
<enzyme> A steroid hydroxylase found in liver microsomes. It catalyses the 12-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of NADPH, cytochrome p-450, and molecular oxygen. It is an important enzyme in the synthesis of cholic acid from cholesterol in the liver. ... Chemical name: Steroid, hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (12-alpha-hydroxylati …

steroid 14-alpha-hydroxylase
<enzyme> From induced vegetative cell cultures of mucor piriformis; hydroxylates progesterone to 14-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in the presence of NADPH and oxygen ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... Synonym: progesterone 14-alpha-hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

steroid 15-beta-hydroxylase
<enzyme> Contains p-450 and ferredoxin; from bacillus megaterium ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... Synonym: cytochrome p-450 15 beta-hydroxylase, p-450 (15-beta), steroid-15 beta-monooxygenase, cytochrome p-450meg, cytochrome p4502c12, cyp2c12 protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

steroid 17 alpha-monooxygenase
<enzyme> A steroid hydroxylase system found in the microsomal membrane of the steroid-hormone producing tissues. It catalyses the 17-hydroxylation of steroids, such as progesterone or pregnenolone in the presence of NADPH and molecular oxygen. This is an important step in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. ... Chemical name: Steroid, hydrog …

steroid 19-hydroxylase
<enzyme> Enzyme from adrenal mitochondria; forms 19-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... Synonym: 19-hydroxysteroid hydroxylase, deoxycorticosterone 11-19-hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

steroid 21-monooxygenase
<enzyme> A steroid hydroxylase system found in adrenal cortex microsomes. It catalyses the 21-hydroxylation of corticosteroids and shows a requirement for NADPH and molecular oxygen. Its deficiency is a cause of adrenogenital syndrome. ... Chemical name: Steroid,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (21-hydroxylating) ... Registry number: EC 1.1 …

steroid 25-hydroxylase
<enzyme> Involved in cholesterol degradation to cholic acid ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

steroid 5a-reductase
<enzyme> An enzyme that uses NADPH to reduce certain steroids (e.g., the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone a deficiency of this enzyme is associated with a form of male pseudohermaphroditism in which genetic males have male genitals as well as female external genitalia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

steroid 7 alpha-hydroxylase
<enzyme> Testosterone and androstenedione incubated with microsomes from rat testes produced 7alpha-hydroxytestosterone and 7alpha-hydroxyandrostenedione ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... Synonym: testicular 7 alpha-hydroxylase, 7 alpha-hydroxylase, microsomal 7alpha-hydroxylase, andiostenedione 7 alpha-hydroxylase, sterol 7 alpha-hydroxyla …

steroid 9 alpha monooxygenase
<enzyme> Consists of an electron transport chain of NADH-dependent flavoprotein reductase and 2 iron-sulfur proteins; from nocardia ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... Synonym: steroid 9 alpha-hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

steroid acne
Folliculitis similar to acne vulgaris, but resulting from topical or oral administration of steroids; comedones are rare. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

steroid alpha-ketol oxidase
<enzyme> In conjunction with corticosteroid side-chain-isomerase (EC 5.3.1.21) converts desoxycorticosterone to a 20-oxo-21-oic acid (pregnenoic acid) ... Registry number: EC 1.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

steroid delta-isomerase
<enzyme> Pharmacological action: enzyme inhibitor ... Registry number: EC 5.3.3.1 ... Synonym: delta 5-3-oxosteroid isomerase, delta-5-3-ketosteroid isomerase, 3-ketosteroid isomerase, 3-oxosteroid delta 4-5 isomerase, 5-ene-3-ketosteroid isomerase, 5-ene-4-ene-steroid isomerase, 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid isomerase, 5-pregnene-3,20-dione isomerase …

steroid diabetes
Diabetes mellitus produced by pharmacological doses of steroid hormones, particularly glucocorticoids or oestrogens; characterised by one or more of the typical manifestations of diabetes mellitus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

steroid fever
Fever presumably caused by elevated plasma concentrations of certain pyrogenic steroids; can be produced by administration of etiocholanolone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

steroid finger motif
Synonym for steroid receptor ... Family of nuclear transcription factors, most of which are receptors for hormones of the steroid family, for example androgen, oestrogen, glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, progesterone, retinoic acid, ecdysone, thyroid hormone and the Drosophila transcription factors knirps, ultraspiracle and seven up. This family c …

steroid hormone
<endocrinology> A group of structurally related hormones, based on the cholesterol molecule. They control sex and growth characteristics, are highly lipophilic and are unique in that their receptors are in the nucleus, rather than on the plasma membrane. ... Examples: testosterone, oestrogen. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

steroid hormones
Those hormone's possessing the steroid ring system; e.g., androgens, oestrogens, adrenocortical hormone's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

steroid hydroxylases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 1.14.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

steroid isomerases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the transposition of double bond(s) in a steroid molecule. ... Registry number: EC 5.3.3.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

steroid metabolic clearance rate
A measure of the rate of metabolism of a given steroid within the body, usually expressed as liters of body fluid that contain the amount of steroid metabolised per day. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

steroid monooxygenases
Enzymes catalyzing addition of hydroxyl groups to the steroid rings utilizing O2; differentiated into, for example, steroid 11b-monooxygenase, steroid 17a-monooxygenase, and steroid 21-monooxygenase, in accordance with the position of the catalytically introduced hydroxyl group. ... Synonym: steroid hydroxylases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

steroid nucleus
tetracyclic steroid nucleus ...

steroid production rate
The total quantity of a given steroid formed in the body, usually expressed as milligrams per day; represents the sum of the glandular secretion of the steroid and extraglandular formation of it from various steroid precursors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

steroid receptor
Family of nuclear transcription factors, most of which are receptors for hormones of the steroid family, for example androgen, oestrogen, glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, progesterone, retinoic acid, ecdysone, thyroid hormone and the Drosophila transcription factors knirps, ultraspiracle and seven up. This family contains a conserved domain (the …

steroid secretory rate
The rate of glandular secretion of a given steroid, usually expressed as milligrams per day; does not include any amount of the steroid that might be formed extraglandularly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

steroid sulfatase deficiency
Synonym for X-linked ichthyosis ... A form of ichthyosis, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroidsulfate sulfatase deficiency, that appears at birth or in early infancy and affects males; characterised by scaling predominantly on the neck and trunk but not on the palms and soles; histologically, there is hyperkeratosis, a granular layer in the epidermis, and n …

steroid sulfotransferase
<enzyme> Catalyses the reaction of 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate and a phenolic steroid to form adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and steroid o-sulfate; has broad specificity ... Registry number: EC 2.8.2.15 ... Synonym: phenolic steroid sulfotransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

steroid ulcer
An ulcer, usually on the leg or foot, developing from a wound in patients undergoing long-term steroid therapy; results from the wound-healing inhibitory effects characteristic of steroids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

steroid withdrawal syndrome
<syndrome> A condition exhibited by persons who previously had been receiving large therapeutic doses of glucocorticoid hormones for long periods of time; pituitary-adrenocortical insufficiency is manifested, particularly during stress, for as long as a year or more thereafter and varying degrees of emotional disturbance may be exhibited. ... …

steroidal
Synonym for steroid ... A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins and some of the carcinogenic hydr …

steroidogenesis
The formation of steroids; commonly referring to the biological synthesis of steroid hormones, but not to the production of such compounds in a chemical laboratory. ... Origin: steroid + G. Genesis, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

steroidogenic diabetes
Abnormal glucose tolerance, often frank diabetes mellitus, induced by the metabolic effects of adrenocortical steroid hormones such as cortisone or therapeutic analogues such as prednisone. The effect may be temporary, resolving when the steroid therapy is discontinued, or diabetes mellitus may persist. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

steroids
Synonym for corticosteroids ... A group of synthetic hormones including prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone and dexamethasone used in the treatment of some leukaemias and also to suppress graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplant. Side effects include an increased risk of infection. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

steroids, brominated
Steroids which are substituted with one or more bromine atoms in any position. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

steroids, chlorinated
Steroids which are substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

steroids, fluorinated
Steroids which are substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in any position. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

steroids, heterocyclic
Steroidal compounds in which one or more carbon atoms in the steroid ring system have been substituted with non-carbon atoms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sterol
<chemistry> Any steroid-based alcohol having a hydrocarbon (aliphatic) side-chain of 8-10 carbons at the 17-beta position and a hydroxyl group at the 3-beta position (therfore an alcohol). ... Cholesterol is a sterol. Because of its hydrophilic property at the -OH end and hydrophobicity at the hydrocarbon side chain, it can be incorporated int …

sterol 27-hydroxylase
<enzyme> Performs multiple monooxygenations in the conversion of 5 beta cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol into 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid in presence of NADPH and cytochrome p-450 ... Registry number: EC 1.14.12.- ... Synonym: cyp27, cytochrome p450 cyp27, c-triol 27-hydroxylase, cyp27 gene product, …

sterol 3-beta-glucosyltransferase
<enzyme> A plasma membrane-bound enzyme that catalyses the glucosylation of plant sterols; reaction: sterol + udp-glucose = steryl-3-beta-glucoside + udp ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.173 ... Synonym: udp-glucose sterol beta-d-glucosyltransferase, udpg-sgtase, udp-glucose-sterol-beta-glucosyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

sterol delta-5 desaturase
<enzyme> Involved in ergosterol synthesis; do not confuse with delta5,7-sterol delta-7-reductase which is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis ... Registry number: EC 1.3.- ... Synonym: sterol c5-6 desaturase, c-5 sterol desaturase, erg3 gene product, delta(5,6) sterol desaturase, syr1 gene product, delta(7)-sterol-c-5-desaturase ... (26 Jun 199 …

sterol o-acyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of cholesterol esters by the direct transfer of the fatty acid group from a fatty acyl CoA derivative. This enzyme has been found in the adrenal gland, gonads, liver, intestinal mucosa, and aorta of many mammalian species. ... Chemical name: Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase ... Registry numb …

sterolglucoside synthase
<enzyme> Involved in formation of sterolglucoside in saccharomyces cerevisiae from udpglucose; specific structure of product not given; consider also EC 2.4.1.173, sterol 3beta-glucosyltransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

sterovilli
Better name for stereocilia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

stertor
A noisy inspiration occurring in coma or deep sleep, sometimes due to obstruction of the larynx or upper airways. ... Origin: L. Sterto, to snore ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stertorous
Characterised by a deep snoring, which accompaines inspiration in some diseases, especially apoplexy; hence, hoarsely breathing; snoring. 'Burning, stertorous breath that hurt her cheek.' (Mrs. Browning) 'The day has ebbed away, and it is night in his room, before his stertorous breathing lulls.' (Dickens) ... Origin: L. Stertere to snore: cf. F. St …

stertorous breathing
Synonym for stertorous respiration ... Harsh, noisy breathing usually heard in an comatous patient. ... Synonym: stertorous breathing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stertorous respiration
Harsh, noisy breathing usually heard in an comatous patient. ... Synonym: stertorous breathing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

steryl-sulfatase
<enzyme> Arylsulfatases a and b hydrolyze nitrocatechol sulfate, but p-nitrophenyl sulfate is hydrolyzed only slightly by both enzymes; arylsulfatase c hydrolyzes both p-nitrophenyl sulfate and nitrocatechol sulfate, low substrate specificity located chiefly in microsomes; a and b are found in lysosomes; arylsulfatase a is cerebroside sulfata …

stethalgia
Pain in the chest. ... Origin: steth-+ G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stetharteritis
Inflammation of the aorta or other arteries in the chest. ... Origin: steth-+ L. Arteria, artery, + G. -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stetho-
Combining forms denoting the chest. The chest. ... Origin: G. Stethos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stethocyrtograph
An apparatus for measuring and recording the curvatures of the thorax. ... Synonym: stethokyrtograph. ... Origin: stetho-+ G. Kyrtos, bent, + grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stethocyrtometer
An instrument for measuring curvature or deformity of the vertebral column in kyphosis. ... Origin: stetho-+ G. Kyrtos, bent, + metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stethogonio meter
An apparatus for measuring the curvatures of the thorax. ... Origin: stetho-+ G. Gonia, angle, + metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stethokyrtograph
Synonym for stethocyrtograph ... An apparatus for measuring and recording the curvatures of the thorax. ... Synonym: stethokyrtograph. ... Origin: stetho-+ G. Kyrtos, bent, + grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stethomyitis
Inflammation of the muscles of the chest wall. ... Synonym: stethomyositis. ... Origin: stetho-+ G. Mys, muscle, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stethomyositis
Synonym for stethomyitis ... Inflammation of the muscles of the chest wall. ... Synonym: stethomyositis. ... Origin: stetho-+ G. Mys, muscle, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stethoparalysis
Paralysis of the respiratory muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stethoscope
<instrument> A device which is used to mediate sounds produced by the human body. Ordinarily consists of rubber tubing in a Y shape. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

stethoscopes
Instruments for performing mediate auscultation (between the ear and the part being examined), invented in 1819 by laennec. While originally used to detect chest (greek stethos) sounds, the stethoscope can be used in the detection of arterial, venous, foetal, intestinal, and other sounds by the observer's ear. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

stethoscopic
1. Relating to or effected by means of a stethoscope. ... 2. Relating to an examination of the chest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stethospasm
Spasm of the chest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stevens
Albert M., U.S. Paediatrician, 1884-1945. ... See: Stevens-Johnson syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stevens-Johnson syndrome
<syndrome> This is a severe form of allergic reaction that most often results from a medication (for example penicillins). The rash can be generalised and even appear on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is considered to be a variant of erythema multiforme that results in the formation of bullous (blebs) l …

Stewart-Hamilton method
Synonym for Hamilton-Stewart method ... Formula to calculate cardiac output after intravenous indicator dye injection; blood flow in liters per minute is given by dividing the amount of injectant in milligrams by the product of the average dye concentration in the initial curve of the dye concentration sampled at a given point in the circulation and …

Stewart-Hamilton principle
Used to determine blood flow from the concentration of dye or temperature dilution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stewart-Holmes sign
<clinical sign> In cerebellar disease, the inability to check a movement when passive resistance is suddenly released. ... Synonym: rebound phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stewart-Morel syndrome
Synonym for Morgagni's syndrome ... <syndrome> Hyperostosis frontalis interna in elderly women, with obesity and neuropsychiatric disorders of uncertain cause; at least sometimes familial. ... Synonym: metabolic craniopathy, Stewart-Morel syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stewart-Treves syndrome
<syndrome> Angiosarcoma arising in arms affected by postmastectomy lymphedema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stewart, Fred Waldorf
<person> U.S. Physician, *1894. ... See: Stewart-Treves syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stewart, George
<person> Canadian-U.S. Scientist, 1860-1930. ... See: Stewart's test, Stewart-Hamilton method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stewart, R
<person> 20th century English neurologist. ... See: Stewart-Morel syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stewart, Thomas Grainger
<person> 20th century English neurologist, 1877-1957. ... See: Stewart-Holmes sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stewart's test
Estimation of the amount of collateral circulation, in case of an aneurysm of the main artery of a limb, by means of a calorimeter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

STH
<abbreviation> Somatotropic hormone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sthenia
A condition of activity and apparent force, as in an acute sthenic fever. ... Origin: G. Sthenos, strength, + -ia, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stheno-
Strength, force, power. ... Origin: G. Sthenos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sthenometer
An instrument for measuring muscular strength. ... Origin: stheno-+ G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sthenometry
The measurement of muscular strength. ... Origin: stheno-+ G. Metrin, to measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stibamine glucoside
A nitrogen glycoside of sodium p-aminobenzenestibonate; A pentavalent antimony compound; has been used in leishmaniasis (kala azar) and certain other tropical diseases, but is no longer marketed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stibenyl
Sodium 4-acetamidobenzenestibonate;the first pentavalent antimonial used in the treatment of leishmaniasis (kala azar). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stibiation
Impregnation with antimony. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stibocaptate
Synonym for antimony dimercaptosuccinate ... 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid cyclic thioantimonate;an antiparasitic effective against Schistosoma mansoni and S. Haematobium. ... Synonym: stibocaptate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stibogluconate sodium
1. Pentavalent sodium stibogluconate;Pentavalent sodium stibogluconate, used in the treatment of all types of leishmaniasis; toxic effects are frequent. ... Synonym: antimony sodium gluconate. ... 2. Trivalent sodium stibogluconate;Trivalent antimony sodium gluconate, used in the treatment of schistosomiasis; toxic effects are frequent. ... Synonym: s …

stibophen
Pentasodium bis[4,5-dihydroxybenz-1,3-disulfonate]antimonate;an organic trivalent antimony compound, used in the treatment of schistosomiasis, filariasis, leishmaniasis, and lymphogranuloma inguinale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sticcado
An instrument consisting of small bars of wood, flat at the bottom and rounded at the top, and resting on the edges of a kind of open box. They are unequal in size, gradually increasing from the smallest to the largest, and are tuned to the diatonic scale. The tones are produced by striking the pieces of wood with hard balls attached to flexible st …

stich
1. A verse, of whatever measure or number of feet. ... 2. A line in the Scriptures; specifically, one of the rhythmic lines in the poetical books and passages of the Old Treatment, as written in the oldest Hebrew manuscripts and in the Revised Version of the English Bible. ... 3. A row, line, or rank of trees. ... Origin: Gr. Stichos a row, line, akin …

stichochrome
Denoting a nerve cell in which the chromophil substance, or stainable material, is arranged in roughly parallel rows or lines. ... Origin: G. Stichos, a row, + chroma, colour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stichochrome cell
See: stichochrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stick
1. A small shoot, or branch, separated, as by a cutting, from a tree or shrub; also, any stem or branch of a tree, of any size, cut for fuel or timber. 'Withered sticks to gather, which might serve Against a winter's day.' (Milton) ... 2. Any long and comparatively slender piece of wood, whether in natural form or shaped with tools; a rod; a wand; a …

Sticker's disease
Synonym for erythema infectiosum ... <dermatology> An acute viral infection (human parvovirus) in children that manifests with a fever and a unique facial rash (slapped cheek appearance). After 1-2 days the rash will often spread to the extremities and trunk. The illness is nonserious and self-limiting. Environmental factors such as sunlight, …

stickle-back
<zoology> Any one of numerous species of small fishes of the genus Gasterosteus and allied genera. The back is armed with two or more sharp spines. They inhabit both salt and brackish water, and construct curious nests. ... Synonym: sticklebag, sharpling, and prickleback. ... Origin: OE. & Prov E. Stickle a prickle, spine, sting (AS. Sticel …

Stickler
Gunnar B., 20th century U.S. Physician. ... See: Stickler's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stickler's syndrome
Synonym for hereditary progressive arthro-ophthalmopathy ... Autosomal dominant arthro-ophthalmopathy associated with progressive multiple dysplasia of the epiphyses, overtubulation of long bones, cleft lip and palate, hypermobility of joints, flattened vertebral bodies, pelvic bone deformities, and deafness. ... Synonym: Stickler's syndrome. ... (05 …

sticky ends
The short stretches of single stranded DNA produced by cutting DNA with restriction endonucleases whose site of cleavage is not at the axis of symmetry. The cut generates two complementary sequences that will hybridise (stick) to one another or to the sequences on other DNA fragments produced by the same restriction endonuclease. ... (18 Nov 1997)
sticky-ended DNA
Double-stranded DNA in which one of the strands protrudes from the other strand (i.e., has a number of unpaired bases) at one end or more. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stieda, Alfred
<person> German surgeon, 1869-1945. ... See: Pellegrini-Stieda disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Stieda, Ludwig
<person> German anatomist, 1837-1918. ... See: Stieda's process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...