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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

streptococcal toxins
Group of haemolytic exotoxins released by Streptococci. _ haemolysin: 26-39 Kd (four types), forms ring like structures in membranes (see Streptolysin O). Lipid target unclear. _ haemolysin: a hot cold haemolysin with sphingomyelinase C activity. _ haemolysin: complex of two proteins (29 and 26 kD) that act synergistically, rabbit erythrocytes part …

streptococci
Synonym for Streptococcus ... <bacteria, organism> A genus of bacteria that are gram-positive cocci, often occurring in chains of varying length. Some pathogenic species produce exotoxins. In man, streptococcal species are responsible for numerous infections such as scarlet fever, tonsillitis, erysipelas (skin infection), endocarditis, rheumat …

streptococcic
Relating to or caused by any organism of the genus Streptococcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptococcins
Bacteriocins released by streptococci. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

streptococcosis
Any streptococcal infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Streptococcus
<bacteria, organism> A genus of bacteria that are gram-positive cocci, often occurring in chains of varying length. Some pathogenic species produce exotoxins. In man, streptococcal species are responsible for numerous infections such as scarlet fever, tonsillitis, erysipelas (skin infection), endocarditis, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, …

Streptococcus acidominimus
A species found in the bovine vagina and on the skin of calves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptococcus agalactiae
A bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Streptococcus anginosus
A species found in the human throat, sinuses, abscesses, vagina, skin, and faeces; this organism has been associated with glomerular nephritis and various types of mild respiratory diseases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptococcus bovis
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly found in the alimentary tract of cows, sheep, and other ruminants. It occasionally is encountered in cases of human endocarditis. This species is nonhemolytic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Streptococcus constellatus
A species found in tonsils, purulent pleurisy, appendix, the nose, throat, and gums, and infrequently on the skin and in the vagina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Streptococcus durans
A species found in dried milk powder and in the intestines of humans and other animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Streptococcus dysgalactiae
A species causing acute mastitis in cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptococcus equi
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from abscesses in submaxillary glands and mucopurulent discharges of the upper respiratory tract of horses. This organism belongs to group c streptococci with regards to antigen response and is known to cause strangles. The subspecies s. Zooepidemicus is also considered a pathogen of horses. ... …

Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus
A species causing mastitis in cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Streptococcus equinus
A species that is the predominant organism in the intestines of horses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptococcus erythrogenic toxin
A culture filtrate of lysogenised group A strains of beta-haemolytic streptococci, erythrogenic when inoculated into the skin of susceptible persons, and neutralised by antibodies that appear during scarlet fever convalescence; three immunological types (A, B, and C) are recognised. ... Synonym: Dick test toxin, erythrogenic toxin, scarlet fever ery …

Streptococcus faecalis
A species found in human faeces and in the intestines of many warm-blooded animals; occasionally found in urinary infections and in blood and heart lesions in cases of subacute endocarditis; associated with European foul brood of bees and with mild outbreaks of food poisoning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Streptococcus lactis
A species found commonly as a contaminant in milk and dairy products; a common cause of the souring and coagulation of milk; some strains produce nisin, a powerful antibiotic that inhibits the growth of many other Gram-positive organisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Streptococcus lactis R factor
Synonym for rhizopterin ... 10-formylpteroic acid;a folic acid factor for certain bacteria. ... Synonym: SLR factor, Streptococcus lactis R factor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Streptococcus M antigen
The somatic antigen associated with virulence and type specificity of group A streptococci. ... Synonym: M protein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Streptococcus mitis
A species found in the human mouth, throat, and nasopharynx; ordinarily, it is not considered to be pathogenic, but this organism may be recovered from ulcerated teeth and sinuses and from blood and heart lesions in cases of subacute endocarditis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptococcus mutans
A polysaccharide-producing species of streptococcus isolated from human dental plaque. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

streptococcus oralis
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria that is numerous in the mouth and throat. It is a common cause of endocarditis and is also implicated in dental plaque formation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

streptococcus phages
Viruses whose host is streptococcus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

streptococcus pneumoniae
A gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and/or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

streptococcus pyogenes
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from skin lesions, blood, inflammatory exudates, and the upper respiratory tract of humans. It is a group a haemolytic streptococcus that can cause scarlet fever and rheumatic fever. Unlike the docile strains that cause strep throat, however, the virulent strains penetrate deep into the body, wi …

Streptococcus salivarius
A species found in the human mouth, throat, and nasopharynx. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptococcus sanguis
A gram-positive organism found in dental plaque, in blood, on heart valves in subacute endocarditis, and infrequently in saliva and throat specimens. L-forms are associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

streptococcus sobrinus
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from the human tooth surface. Strains have been shown to be cariogenic in experimental animals and may be associated with human dental caries. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

streptococcus suis
A species of streptococcus isolated from pigs. It is a pathogen of swine but rarely occurs in humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Streptococcus uberis
A species causing mastitis in cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Streptococcus viridans
A name applied not to a distinct species but rather to the group of alpha-haemolytic streptococci as a whole; viridans streptococci have been isolated from the mouth and intestines of humans, the intestines of horses, the milk and faeces of cows, milk and milk products, and the sputum and lungs in cases of primary atypical pneumonia. ... (05 Mar 200 …

Streptococcus zooepidemicus
Former name for Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptoderma
Pyoderma due to streptococci. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptodermatitis
Inflammation of the skin caused by the action of streptococci. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptodornase
<enzyme> Mixture of four DNAases released by streptococci. By digesting DNA released from dead cells the enzyme reduces the viscosity of pus and allows the organism greater motility. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

streptodornase and streptokinase
<enzyme> A mixture of the enzymes (streptokinase and streptodornase) produced by haemolytic streptococci. It is used topically on surface lesions and by instillation in closed body cavities to remove clotted blood or fibrinous or purulent accumulations. It is also used as a skin test antigen in evaluating generalised cell-mediated immunodefic …

streptofuranose
Synonym for streptose ... 5-deoxy-3-C-formyl-l-lyxose;an unusual l-pentose that is a component of streptobiosamine, hence of streptomycin. ... Synonym: streptofuranose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptogramin B lyase
<enzyme> An intramolecular lyase similar to EC 5.5.1.1; involved in resistance to etamycin and vernamycin b(alpha) in streptomyces lividans; reaction given in first source ... Registry number: EC 5.5.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

streptokinase
<enzyme> Plasminogen activator released by Streptococcus pyogenes. Occurs in two forms, A and B. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

streptokinase-streptodornase
A purified mixture containing streptokinase, streptodornase, and other proteolytic enzymes; used by topical application or by injection into body cavities to remove clotted blood and fibrinous and purulent accumulations of exudate; thus, used in the removal of clots. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptolydigin
Antibiotic that blocks peptide chain elongation by binding to the polymerase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

streptolysin
<microbiology> A haemolysin, an exotoxins produced by certain strains of streptococci, particularly those of group A, that lyse red blood cells. ... (08 Aug 2003) ...

streptolysin O
<haematology, microbiology> Oxygen labile thiol activated haemolysin (68 kD). ... Haemolysis is inhibited by cholesterol and only cells with cholesterol in their membranes are susceptible. Toxin aggregates are linked to cholesterol to form a channel 30 nm diameter in the membrane and nonosmotic lysis follows. Markedly inhibits neutrophil movem …

streptolysin S
<microbiology> Thought to be a peptide of 28 residues: causes zone of beta haemolysis around streptococcal colonies on blood agar. Mechanism of haemolysis unclear. Toxic to leucocytes, platelets and several cell lines. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Streptomyces
<bacteria> Genus of gram-positive spore forming bacteria that grow slowly in soil or water as a branching filamentous mycelium similar to that of fungi. Important as the source of many antibiotics, for example streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, macrolides. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Streptomyces albus
<bacteria> A species found in dust, soil, grains, and straw; some strains produce actinomycetin; others produce thiolutin or endomycin; it is the type species of the genus Streptomyces. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptomyces antibioticus
<bacteria> An actinomycete from which the antibiotic oleandomycin is obtained. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

streptomyces aureofaciens
<bacteria> An actinomycete from which the antibiotic chlortetracycline is obtained. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Streptomyces gibsonii
<bacteria> A species found in human infections. ... Synonym: Nocardia gibsonii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptomyces griseus
<bacteria> An actinomycete from which the antibiotics streptomycin, grisein, and candicidin are obtained. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Streptomyces lividans TK24 protease
<enzyme> Mw 22 kD ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- ... Synonym: prt protein, prt gene product, tk24 protease ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Streptomyces somaliensis
<bacteria> A species that causes Bouffardi's white mycetoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptomycetaceae
<bacteria> A family of soil bacteria. It also includes some parasitic forms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

streptomycete
<microbiology> A term used to refer to a member of the genus Streptomyces; it is sometimes improperly used to refer to any member of the family Streptomycetaceae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptomycin
<drug> Commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media: acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome. Isolated originally from a soil streptomycete. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

streptomycin 3''-kinase
<enzyme> Phosphorylates the 3'' oh group on the amino sugar of streptomycin ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.87 ... Synonym: streptomycin-3''-phosphotransferase, streptomycin phosphotransferase, aph(3''), stra gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

streptomycin 6-kinase
<enzyme> Datp can replace ATP; dihydrostreptomycin, streptidine and 2-deoxystreptidine can act as acceptors ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.72 ... Synonym: streptidine kinase, streptomycin streptidinokinase, streptomycin 6-phosphotransferase, aph(6)-id, strb gene product, aminoglycoside-6-phosphotransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

streptomycin A
Synonym for streptomycin ... <drug> Commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media: acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome. Isolated originally from a soil streptomycete. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

streptomycin units
G unit: equals 1 g of the crystalline material or about 1,000,000 S unit's, l unit: equal to 1000 S unit's, s unit: the amount of streptomycin which will inhibit the growth of a standard strain of Escherichia coli in 1 ml of nutrient broth or other suitable medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptomycin-6-phosphatase
<enzyme> Final step in streptomycin biosynthesis; dihydrostreptomycin-6-p is hydrolyzed to dihydrostreptomycin ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.39 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

streptomycosis
Old term for streptococcaemia. ... Origin: strepto-+ G. Mykes, fungus, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptonigrin
<chemical> Complex cytotoxic antibiotic obtained from streptomyces flocculus or s. Rufochronmogenus. It is used in advanced carcinoma and causes leukopenia. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, antineoplastic. ... Chemical name: 2-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 5-amino-6-(7-amino-5,8-dihydro-6-methoxy-5,8-dioxo-2-quinolinyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dime …

streptonivicin
Synonym for novobiocin ... <chemical> N-(7-((3-o-(aminocarbonyl)-6-deoxy-5-c-methyl-4-o-methyl- beta-l-lyxopyranosyl)oxy)-4-hydroxy-8-methyl-2-oxo-2h-1- benzopyran-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)benzamide. Antibiotic substance produced by streptomyces spheroides. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics. ... Chemical name: Benzamide, N-(7- …

streptose
5-deoxy-3-C-formyl-l-lyxose;an unusual l-pentose that is a component of streptobiosamine, hence of streptomycin. ... Synonym: streptofuranose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptosepticaemia
Synonym for streptococcaemia ... The presence of streptococci in the blood. ... Synonym: strepticaemia, streptosepticaemia. ... Origin: streptococcus + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

streptothrichosis
Synonym for dermatophilosis ... An infectious exudative dermatitis of cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and other animals (occasionally man) caused by Dermatophilus congolensis; severe (sometimes fatal) dermatophilosis is seen in cattle in the Caribbean, invariable in association with Amblyomma variegatum infestations. ... Synonym: proliferative dermatit …

streptothricin acetyltransferase
<enzyme> Confers resistance to streptothricin in gram-negative bacteria; site of acetylation not specified 4/85 ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: acetyl CoA-streptothricin acetyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

streptothricins
<chemical> A group of antibiotic substances produced by streptomyces variants. They are composed of an aminosugar and different polypeptide chains and may have broad spectrum antimicrobial and some antiviral properties. ... Chemical name: Streptothricin ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

streptotrichiasis
Synonym for dermatophilosis ... An infectious exudative dermatitis of cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and other animals (occasionally man) caused by Dermatophilus congolensis; severe (sometimes fatal) dermatophilosis is seen in cattle in the Caribbean, invariable in association with Amblyomma variegatum infestations. ... Synonym: proliferative dermatit …

streptotrichosis
Synonym for dermatophilosis ... An infectious exudative dermatitis of cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and other animals (occasionally man) caused by Dermatophilus congolensis; severe (sometimes fatal) dermatophilosis is seen in cattle in the Caribbean, invariable in association with Amblyomma variegatum infestations. ... Synonym: proliferative dermatit …

streptovaricin
<chemical> A complex of ansamycin antibiotics consisting of streptovaricins a, b, c, d, e, f, g, j, and k of which streptovaricin c is the major component. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, antibiotics, antineoplastic, antiviral agents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

streptovaricins
Antibiotics that block initiation of transcription in prokaryotes. ( ... Compare:. Rifamycins and rifampicin). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

streptozocin
<chemical> An antibiotic that is produced by stretomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, aminoglycoside, antibiotics, antineoplastic. ... Chemical name: D-Glucose, 2-deoxy-2-(((methylnitrosoamino)carbonyl)amino)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

streptozotocin
Methyl nitroso urea with a 2 substituted glucose, used as an antibiotic (effective against growing gram-positive and gram-negative organisms) and also to induce a form of diabetes in experimental animals (rapidly induces pancreatic B-cell necrosis if given in high-dose). By using multiple low doses in a particular strain of mice, it is possible to …

stress
1. Forcibly exerted influence, pressure. In dentistry, the pressure of the upper teeth against the lower in mastication. ... 2. The sum of the biological reactions to any adverse stimulus, physical, mental or emotional, internal or external, that tends to disturb the organisms homeostasis, should these compensating reactions be inadequate or inappro …

stress breaker
A device that relieves the abutment teeth, to which a fixed or removable partial denture is attached, of all or part of the forces generated by occlusal function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stress disorders, posttraumatic
Anxiety disorders manifested by the development of characteristic symptoms following a psychologically traumatic event that is outside the normal range of usual human experience. Symptoms include re-experiencing the traumatic event and numbing of responsiveness to or reduced involvement with the external world. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

stress echocardiogram
<investigation> An echocardiogram that is performed after a period of physical exertion. Chemical stimulation of the heart (to mimic exertion) is used in some cases where physical activity is not possible. In some cases, exertion may manifest a cardiac abnormality not obvious during echocardiography in the resting heart. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

stress echocardiography
Echocardiographic monitoring of a circulatory challenge, usually exercise. ... Transesophageal echocardiography, recording of the echocardiogram from a transducer swallowed by the patient to predetermined distances in the oesophagus and stomach. ... Transthoracic echocardiography, the standard echocardiography recorded from echocardiographic 'windows …

stress fibre
<physiology> Long bundles of microfilaments made up of actin subunits. ... They are involved in the attachment of cultured cells to a substratum, the determination of cell shape and may be involved in cellular mobility. ... They are found in most cells and have been shown to be contractile, have a periodicity reminiscent of the sarcomere and ar …

stress fracture
<orthopaedics, radiology> A hairline or microscopic break in the bone that is not demonstrable with conventional X-rays. ... Symptoms include a dull aching pain with tenderness at the site. Symptoms often increase with activity and diminish with rest. Nuclear bone scanning will reliably demonstrate stress fractures where conventional radiograp …

stress immunity
Insusceptibility or resistance to the effects of emotional strain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stress induced protein
<molecular biology> Alternative and preferable name for heat-shock proteins of eukaryotic cells, which emphasises that the same small group of proteins is stimulated both by heat and various other stresses. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

stress reaction
An acute emotional reaction related to extreme environmental stress. ... Synonym: acute situational reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stress riser
A mechanical defect, such as a hole, in bone or other materials that concentrates stress in the area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stress shielding
Osteopenia occurring in bone as the result of removal of normal stress from the bone by an implant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stress test
Any cardiac challenge, physical, pharmacologic, or mental delivered under monitored conditions. Most commonly this is exercise, the most common monitor being electrocardiography although any other graphic technique, including cardiac catheterization, may be applied. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stress ulcers
Synonym for Curling's ulcer ... An ulcer of the duodenum in a patient with extensive superficial burns, intracranial lesions, or severe bodily injury. ... Synonym: stress ulcers. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stress urinary incontinence
Leakage of urine as a result of coughing, straining, or some sudden voluntary movement, due to weakness of the fascia muscles and at the neck of the bladder. ... Synonym: urinary exertional incontinence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stress-bearing area
Surfaces of structures that resist forces, strains, or pressures brought upon them during function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stress-strain curve
A curve showing the ratio of deformation to load during the testing of a material in tension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stress, mechanical
A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

stress, psychological
Stress wherein emotional factors predominate. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

stretch
1. To reach out; to extend; to put forth. 'And stretch forth his neck long and small.' (Chaucer) 'I in conquest stretched mine arm.' (Shak) ... 2. To draw out to the full length; to cause to extend in a straight line; as, to stretch a cord or rope. ... 3. To cause to extend in breadth; to spread; to expand; as, to stretch cloth; to stretch the wings. …

stretch marks
Synonym for striae cutis distensae ... Bands of thin wrinkled skin, initially red but becoming purple and white, which occur commonly on the abdomen, buttocks, and thighs at puberty and/or during and following pregnancy, and result from atrophy of the dermis and overextension of the skin; also associated with ascites and Cushing's syndrome. ... Synon …

stretch receptors
Receptor's that are sensitive to elongation, especially those in Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles, but also those found in visceral organs such as the stomach, small intestine, and urinary bladder; these receptor's have the function of detecting elongation, and this distinguishes them from baroreceptors, which actually are activated by stret …

stretch reflex
Synonym for myotatic reflex ... Tonic contraction of the muscles in response to a stretching force, due to stimulation of muscle proprioceptors. ... Synonym: Liddell-Sherrington reflex, muscular reflex, stretch reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

stretcher
A litter, usually a sheet of canvas stretched to a frame with four handles, used for transporting the sick or injured. ... Origin: A.S. Streccan, to stretch ... (05 Mar 2000) ...