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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

olfactory organ
The olfactory region in the superior portion of the nasal cavity. ... Synonym: organum olfactus, organ of smell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory pathways
Set of nerve fibres conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. It includes the olfactory nerve, olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, olfactory tubercle, anterior perforated substance, and olfactory cortex. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

olfactory peduncle
Synonym for olfactory tract ... A nervelike, white band composed primarily of nerve fibres originating from the mitral cells and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb but also containing the scattered cells of the anterior olfactory nucleus. The tract is closely applied to the ventral surface of the frontal lobe, and attaches itself to the base of the …

olfactory pits
Synonym for nasal pits ... The paired depressions formed when the nasal placodes come to lie below the general external contour of the developing face as a result of the rapid growth of the adjacent nasal elevations; the pit's are the primordia of the rostral portions of the nasal chambers. ... Synonym: olfactory pits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory placodes
Paired ectodermal placode's which come to lie in the bottom of the olfactory pits as the pits are deepened by the growth of the surrounding medial and lateral nasal processes. ... Synonym: nasal placodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory pyramid
A small area of gray matter situated between the roots of the olfactory tracts; it is continuous caudally with the anterior perforated substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory receptor cells
Very slender nerve cell's, with large nuclei and surmounted by six to eight long, sensitive cilia in the olfactory epithelium at the roof of the nose; they are the receptors for smell. ... Synonym: olfactory cells, Schultze's cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory receptor neurons
Neurons in the olfactory epithelium with proteins (receptors, odourant) that bind, and thus detect, odourants. Olfactory receptor neurons are bipolar. They send to the surface of the epithelium apical dendrites with non-motile cilia from which project odourant receptor molecules. Their unmyelinated axons synapse in the olfactory bulb of the brain. …

olfactory roots
Synonym for olfactory striae ... Three distinct fibre bands (stria medialis, stria intermedia, stria lateralis) that caudally extend the olfactory tract beyond its attachment to the olfactory trigone. The medial stria curves dorsally into the tenia tecta; the intermediate, often barely visible, extends straight back and terminates in the olfactory t …

olfactory striae
Three distinct fibre bands (stria medialis, stria intermedia, stria lateralis) that caudally extend the olfactory tract beyond its attachment to the olfactory trigone. The medial stria curves dorsally into the tenia tecta; the intermediate, often barely visible, extends straight back and terminates in the olfactory tubercle; the lateral olfactory s …

olfactory sulcus
The sagittal sulcus on the inferior or orbital surface of each frontal lobe of the cerebrum, demarcating the straight gyrus from the orbital gyri, and covered on the orbital surface by the olfactory bulb and tract. ... Synonym: sulcus olfactorius, olfactory groove. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory sulcus of nasal cavity
The narrow groove in the nasal cavity above the agger nasi that leads from the atrium to the olfactory area. ... Synonym: sulcus olfactorius cavum nasi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory tract
A nervelike, white band composed primarily of nerve fibres originating from the mitral cells and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb but also containing the scattered cells of the anterior olfactory nucleus. The tract is closely applied to the ventral surface of the frontal lobe, and attaches itself to the base of the cerebral hemisphere at the olfa …

olfactory trigone
A grayish triangular area corresponding to the attachment of the olfactory peduncle ('olfactory nerve' or olfactory tract) to the base of the brain, at the anterior border of the anterior perforated substance. ... Synonym: trigonum olfactorium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory tubercle
A small, oval area at the base of the cerebral hemisphere, between the diverging medial and lateral olfactory striae, in the anteromedial part of the anterior perforated substance; it is formed by a small area of allocortex characterised by the presence of the islands of Calleja. Corresponding to a much more prominent structure in nonprimate mammal …

olfacty
Synonym for olfactie ... Olfacty ... The unit of smell; the threshold of olfactory stimulation, or the point where the smell is just received in the olfactometer. ... Synonym: olfacty. ... Origin: see olfaction ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olibanum
A gum resin from several trees of the genus Boswellia (family Burseraceae); has been used as a stimulant expectorant in bronchitis, for fumigations, and as incense. ... Synonym: frankincense, thus. ... Origin: Ar. Al, the, + luban, frankincense ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olig-
See: oligo-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligaemia
A deficiency in the amount of blood in the body or any organ or tissue. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligaemic
Pertaining to or characterised by oligaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligaemic shock
Shock associated with pronounced fall in blood volume, sometimes resulting from increased permeability of blood vessels. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligamnios
Synonym for oligohydramnios ... <radiology> Prerenal, placental insufficiency, low-output cardiac failure, foetal demise, renal, renal agenesis, polycystic disease, multicystic dysplastic, postrenal, UPJ obstruction, megaureter, posterior urethral valves, urethral agenesis Notes: aetiology often unclear, leading to pulmonary hypoplasia, DRIP: …

olighemia
An obsolete term for oligaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olighidria
Oligidria ... Scanty perspiration. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Hidros, sweat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligo-
Means just a few or scanty. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oligo-1,6-glucosidase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-glucosidic linkages in isomaltose and dextrins produced from starch and glycogen by alpha-amylase. ... Chemical name: Dextrin 6-alpha-D-glucanohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.10 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oligo-a1,6-glucosidase
A glucanohydrolase cleaving alpha-1,6 links in isomaltose and dextrins produced from starch and glycogen by alpha-amylase; secreted into the duodenum; a deficiency of this enzyme leads to defects in intestinal digestion of limit dextrins. ... See: sucrose alpha-d-glucohydrolase. ... Synonym: isomaltase, limit dextrinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligo-isomaltosaccharide synthase
<enzyme> Catalyses the formation of alpha-1,6-linked linear oligosaccharides from sucrose; isolated from streptococcus sobrinus ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... Synonym: gtf-s gene product, rgtf-s(3), glucosyltransferase s, glucosyltransferase-s, gtfd gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

oligoamnios
Synonym: oligohydramnios. ... Origin: oligo-+ amnion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligocholia
A deficient secretion of bile. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Chole, bile ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligochylia
A deficiency of gastric juice. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Chylos, juice ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligochymia
A deficiency of chyme. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Chymos, juice ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligoclonal band
Small discrete bands in the gamma globulin region of the spinal fluid electrophoresis, indicating local central nervous system production of IgG; bands are frequently seen in patients with multiple sclerosis but can also be found in other diseases of the central nervous system including syphilis, sarcoidosis, and chronic infection or inflammation.< …

oligocystic
Consisting of only a few cysts, as occasionally observed in certain examples of hydatidiform mole and other lesions that ordinarily have numerous cysts. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Kystis, bladder, cyst ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligodactyly
Oligodactylia ... Presence of fewer than five digits on one or more limbs. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Daktylos, finger or toe ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligodendria
Synonym for oligodendroglia ... A class of neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal satellite cells according to their location. The most important recognised function of these cells is the formation of the insulating myelin sheaths of axons in the centr …

oligodendroblast
A primitive glial cell that is the normal precursor cell of the oligodendrocyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligodendroblastoma
<tumour> Obsolete term for oligodendroglioma. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Dendron, tree, + blastos, germ, + -oma ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligodendrocyte
Neuroglial cell of the central nervous system in vertebrates whose function is to myelinate CNS axons. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oligodendroglia
A class of neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal satellite cells according to their location. The most important recognised function of these cells is the formation of the insulating myelin sheaths of axons in the central nervous system. ... (12 Dec 1 …

oligodendroglia cells
See: oligodendroglia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligodendroglioma
<oncology, tumour> May be subdivided into primary brain tumours and the more common, secondary brain tumours. Primary brain tumours (for example astrocytoma, craniopharyngioma, glioma, ependymoma, neuroglioma, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma, medulloblastoma) arise from the uncontrolled proliferation of cells within the …

oligodeoxyribonucleotides
A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oligodipsia
Abnormal lack of thirst. ... See: hypodipsia. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Dipsa, thirst ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligodontia
Synonym: hypodontia. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Odous, tooth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligodynamic
Active in very small quantity; e.g., the germicidal effect of an exceedingly dilute solution (such as one to one hundred million) of copper in distilled water. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Dynamis, power ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligoelement
A chemical substance, minute amounts of which can be found in living organisms. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oligogalactia
Slight or scant secretion of milk. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Gala, milk ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligogalacturonate lyase
<enzyme> Forms monomer units in the breakdown of pectate ... Registry number: EC 4.2.2.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

oligohydramnios
<radiology> Prerenal, placental insufficiency, low-output cardiac failure, foetal demise, renal, renal agenesis, polycystic disease, multicystic dysplastic, postrenal, UPJ obstruction, megaureter, posterior urethral valves, urethral agenesis Notes: aetiology often unclear, leading to pulmonary hypoplasia, DRIP: demise, renal, IUGR, prematureu …

oligohydruria
An obsolete term for excretion of small quantities of urine, as seen in dehydration. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Hydor, water, + ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligohymenophorea
A class of ciliate protozoa. Characteristics include the presence of a well developed oral apparatus and oral cilia being clearly distinct from somatic cilia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oligolecithal
Having little yolk; denoting an egg in which there is only a little scattered deutoplasm. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Lekithos, yolk ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligomeganephronia
<radiology> Aka: oligonephronic hypoplasia, form of renal hypoplasia, very small kidneys, reduced number of renal segments (less than7), most severe form unipapillary kidney, hypertrophied nephrons, male:female 3:1 (Pollack), progressive renal failure, poor excretion on IVU, normal or mildly dilated collecting systems ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oligomenorrhoea
<gynaecology> Infrequent menstruation with markedly diminished menstrual flow, relative amenorrhoea. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

oligomer
<chemistry> A molecule consisting of just a few monomers. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

oligomeric protein
<biochemistry> A protein where two or more of its units are identical polypeptide chains. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

oligomerisation
<chemistry> The chemical process of creating oligomers from larger or smaller molecules. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

oligomorphic
Presenting few changes of form; not polymorphic. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Morphe, form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligomycin
<microbiology> A bacterial toxin inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation that acts on a small subunit of the F1 ATPase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oligomycins
<chemical> A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various atpases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are rutamycin, …

oligonephronic
Characterised by a reduced number of nephrons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligonucleotidase
<enzyme> From flammulina veluptis; catalyses exonucleolytic cleavage of oligonucleotides to yield 5'-phosphomononucleotides; also hydrolyzes nad+ to nmn and AMP; formerly EC 3.1.4.19 ... Registry number: EC 3.1.13.3 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

oligonucleotide
<biochemistry> Linear sequence of up to 20 nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds. Above this length the term polynucleotide begins to be used. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oligonucleotide probes
Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridises with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, so …

oligonucleotides
Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesised to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (oligonucleotide probes). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oligonucleotides, antisense
Short fragments (usually between 2 and 12 nucleotides) of DNA or RNA that are used to hinder or block the translation or processing of mRNA. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oligopepsia
Synonym for hypopepsia ... Impaired digestion, especially that due to a deficiency of pepsin. ... Synonym: oligopepsia. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Pepsis, digestion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligopeptidase
<enzyme> From bacillus spaericus; acts on dipeptides and some tri- or tetrapeptides with ala-ala ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

oligopeptide
<biochemistry> A peptide of a small number of component amino acids as opposed to a polypeptide. Exact size range is a matter of opinion but peptides from 3 to about 40 member amino acids might be so described. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oligopeptide 20
A compound made up of the condensation of a small number (typically less than 20) of amino acids. ... Compare: polypeptide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligopeptide permease
<chemical> Bacterial; does not act on free amino acids; takes up dipeptides and oligopeptides of up to 5 amino acids; spo0k, an abc transporter, isolated from bacillus subtilis; see also oppb protein and oppc protein ... Chemical name: permease, oligopeptide ... Synonym: dipeptide permease, tripeptide permease, spo0k gene product, oppa protein, …

oligopeptides
Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oligophrenia
Synonym: mental retardation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligoplastic
Deficient in reparative power. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Plasso, to form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligopnea
Synonym: hypopnea. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Pnoe, breath ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligoptyalism
A scanty secretion of saliva. ... Synonym: oligosialia. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Ptyalon, saliva ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligoria
An abnormal indifference toward or dislike of persons or things. ... Origin: G. Oligoria, negligence, slight esteem, fr. Oligos, little, + ora, care, regard ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligoribonuclease
<enzyme> A 3'-5' exoribonuclease in escherichia coli; copurifies with polynucleotide phosphorylase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

oligoribonucleotides
A group of ribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oligosaccharide
<chemistry> A saccharide of a small number of component sugars, either O or N linked to the next sugar. Number of component sugars not rigorously defined. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oligosaccharide 2-O-sulfatase
<enzyme> Hydrolyzes the 2-o-sulfate of the disaccharide 4-deoxy-2-o-sulfato-alpha-l-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid-(1-4)-2-deoxy-2-sulfamido-6-o-sulfato-d-glucose from heparin ... Registry number: EC 3.1.6.- ... Synonym: flavobacterium heparinum 2-o-sulphatase, heparo-2-o-sulfatase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

oligosaccharide dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Commercial preparation from staphylococcus which catalyses oxidation of reducing sugars such as glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose, maltose, lactose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose and maltohexaose ... Registry number: EC 1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

oligosaccharin
<biochemistry> An oligosaccharide derived from the plant cell wall that in small quantities induces a physiological response in a nearby cell of the same or a different plant and thus acts as a molecular signal. ... Sometimes considered to be a plant hormone or plant growth substance. The best authenticated examples are involved in host pathog …

oligosaccharyl sulfatase
<enzyme> From keyhole limpet; hydrolyzes sulfate esters in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides preferentially to 4-nitrocatechol sulfate ... Registry number: EC 3.1.6.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

oligosialia
Synonym: oligoptyalism. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Sialon, saliva ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligospermia
<urology> A low sperm count. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

oligosymptomatic
Having few or minor symptoms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligosynaptic
Referring to neural conduction pathways that are interrupted by only a few synaptic junctions, i.e., made up of a sequence of only few nerve cells, in contrast to polysynaptic pathways. ... Synonym: paucisynaptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligothymia
Rarely used term for a poverty or loss of affect. ... Origin: oligo-+ -thymia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligotrichia
Synonym for hypotrichosis ... Presence of less than the normal amount of hair. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oligotrichosis
Synonym for hypotrichosis ... Presence of less than the normal amount of hair. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oligotroph
<biology, ecology> Organisms that can grow in environments poor in nutrients. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oligotrophia
Oligotrophy ... Deficient nutrition. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oligotrophic
<ecology> Describes a body of water in which nutrients are in low supply. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

oligoxyloglucan hydrolase
<enzyme> From aspergillus oryzae; highly specific for xyloglucan oligosaccharides; splits off isoprimeverose disaccharide units from non-reducing end ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

oligozoospermatism
Oligozoospermia ... Synonym: oligospermia. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Zoon, animal, + sperma, seed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oliguresia
Oliguresis ... Synonym: oliguria. ... Origin: oligo-+ G. Ouresis, urination ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oliguria
<nephrology, physiology> Secretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake. ... Synonym: hypouresis, oligouresis. ... Origin: Gr. Ouron = urine ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oliva inferior
The oliva. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...