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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

oil of dwarf pine needles
Volatile oil from the fresh leaves of Pinus montana (family Pinaceae). Pleasant pine odour; used as a pharmaceutical aid (flavor and perfume). Has been used as an expectorant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil of eucalyptus
Volatile oil from the fresh leaves of Eucalyptus globulus (family Myrtaceae) and some other species of Eucalyptus; native to Australia; pungent oil with a spicy, cooling taste. Has been used as an aromatic in inhalants, as an expectorant, anthelmintic, and local antiseptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil of fennel
Volatile oil from the dried fruit of Foeniculum vulgare (family Umbelliferae). An aromatic oil with the odour and taste of fennel, similar to anise; used as a flavoring agent in pharmaceuticals. Has been used as a carminative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil of jojoba
Synonym for jojoba oil ... A liquid wax ester mixture extracted from ground or crushed seeds from Simmondsia chinensis and S. Californica (family Buxaceae), desert shrubs native to Arizona, California, and northern Mexico. Used extensively in cosmetics for alleged skin softening and lubricating properties; other uses include as lubricant, fuel, chem …

oil of juniper
Volatile oil from the dried ripe fruit (berries) of Juniperus communis (family Cupressaceae). Formerly used as a diuretic. Used in perfumery. ... Synonym: juniper berry oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil of lavender
Volatile oil from fresh flowering tops of Lavandula officinalis (family Labiatae). Aromatic oil used in perfume and as a flavoring agent. Has been used as a carminative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil of lemon
Volatile oil expressed from fresh peel of Citrus limonum (family Rutaceae). Aromatic oil used for flavoring pharmaceuticals, liqueurs, pastry, foods, beverages, and in perfumes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil of lemon grass
Volatile oil from Cymbopogon citratus and of C. Flexuosus (family Gramineae). Used in perfumery and as a source of citral for the synthesis of vitamin A. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil of pennyroyal
Either American or European. The former is a volatile oil derived from the flowering tops and leaves of Hedeoma pulegioides (family Labiatae). Contains pulegone and ketones. European is oil of pulegium; a volatile oil from Mentha pulegium (family Labiatae); about 85% pulegone. Has been used as an aromatic carminative, abortifacient and insect repel …

oil of peppermint
A volatile oil containing menthol (not less than 50% of total) obtained by steam distillation from the fresh flowering plant Mentha piperita (family Labiatae). Used as a pharmaceutical aid (flavor) and in flavoring liqueurs; a carminative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil of rose
A volatile oil from the fresh flowers of Rosa gallica and R. Damascena and other members of the Rosaceae family. Used largely in perfumery; ointments, and toilet preparations. ... Synonym: attar of rose, essence of rose, otto of rose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil of spearmint
Volatile oil from the flowering tops of Mentha spicata (family Labiatae, pharmaceutical aid (flavor) and a carminative. ... Synonym: oil of crispmint, oil of curled mint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil of turpentine
Volatile oil distilled from the oleoresin and obtained from Pinus palastrus (family Pinaceae) and other species of Pinus yielding terpene oils. Solvent for oils, resins, varnishes; vehicle, thinner and remover of oil-based paints. Rubefacient; has been used as a counterirritant in liniments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil of vitriol
Synonym for sulfuric acid ... H2SO4;a colourless, nearly odourless, heavy, oily, corrosive liquid containing 96% of the absolute acid; used occasionally as a caustic. ... Synonym: oil of vitriol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil of wormwood
Volatile oil from leaves and tops of Artemisia absinthium (family Compositae). Thujol alcohol and acetate; thujone (a powerful convulsant), phellandrene, cadinene; also a blue oil. Used in flavoring of vermouth; formerly in absinthe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil pneumonia
Synonym for lipid pneumonia ... Lipoid pneumonia, pulmonary condition marked by inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the lungs due to the inhalation of various oily or fatty substances, particularly liquid petrolatum, or resulting from accumulation in the lungs of endogenous lipid material, either cholesterol from obstructive pneumonitis or followin …

oil red O
1-8-[4-(Dimethylphenylazo)dimethylphenylazo]-2-naphthalenol;a weakly acid diazo oil-soluble dye, used in histologic demonstration of neutral fats. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil retention enema
A rectal injection of mineral oil, introduced at low pressure and retained for several hours before expelling, to soften faeces. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil sugar
Synonym for oleosaccharum ... A class of preparations made by the trituration of a volatile oil (anise, fennel, lemon, etc.) with sugar; used as a diluent or corrigent of powerful or bad tasting drugs in powder form. ... Synonym: oil sugar. ... Origin: oleo-+ G. Saccharon, sugar ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil tumour
Synonym for lipogranuloma ... A nodule or focus of granulomatous inflammation (usually of the foreign-body type) in association with lipid material deposited in tissues, e.g., after the injection of certain oils. ... See: paraffinoma. ... Synonym: eleoma, oil tumour, oleogranuloma, oleoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oil vaccine
Synonym for adjuvant vaccine ... A vaccine that contains an adjuvant; most often the antigen (immunogen) is included in a water-in-oil emulsion (Freund incomplete type adjuvant), or is adsorbed onto an inorganic gel (alum, aluminum hydroxide or phosphate). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oils
Unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or easily liquefiable on warming, and are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behaviour on heating, they are volatile or fixed. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oils, volatile
Oils which evaporate readily. The volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which they give odour and other characteristics. most volatile oils consist of a mixture of two or more terpenes or of a mixture of an eleopten (the more volatile constituent of a volatile oil) with a stearopten (the more solid constituent). The synonym essential oils refe …

oily
1. Consisting of oil; containing oil; having the nature or qualities of oil; unctuous; oleaginous; as, oily matter or substance. ... 2. Covered with oil; greasy; hence, resembling oil; as, an oily appearance. ... 3. Smoothly subservient; supple; compliant; plausible; insinuating. 'This oily rascal.' 'His oily compliance in all alterations. ... <bot …

oily granuloma
Reaction to inclusion of a bulky, insoluble liquid (often an oily substance) which occurs several months, but sometimes years, after injection of the material. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ointment
An ointment has an oil base whereas a cream is water-soluble. (the word ointment comes from the latin ungere meaning anoint with oil). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ointment base
The vehicle into which active ingredients may be incorporated. Petrolatum (which may be stiffened with wax) is the most widely used greasy ointment base and is suitable for the incorporation of oleaginous materials. Lin-containing bases will absorb water (and dissolved materials) and form water-in-oil type emulsions. Water soluble (washable) bases …

ointment bases
Various mixtures of fats, waxes, animal and plant oils and solid and liquid hydrocarbons; vehicles for medicinal substances intended for external application; there are four classes: hydrocarbon base, absorption base, water-removable base and water-soluble base; several are also emollients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ointments
Semisolid preparations used topically for protective emollient effects or as a vehicle for local administration of medicaments; ointment bases are various mixtures of fats, waxes, animal and plant oils and solid and liquid hydrocarbons. ... Synonym: salves; unctions; unguents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

okadaic acid
Derived from a dinoflagellate toxin. This compound is a powerful inhibitor of serine threonine specific protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. Also can act as a tumour promoter. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

okadaic acid-sensitive phosphatase
<enzyme> Negatively controls the cyclin degradation pathway in amphibian eggs ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... Synonym: oas-phosphatase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Okazaki
Reiji and Tuneko, 20th century Japanese biochemists. ... See: Okazaki fragment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Okazaki fragment
A relatively short (100-1000 bp) fragment of DNA that is later joined by DNA ligase to allow for 3' &rarr; 5' overall chain growth during replication. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Okazaki fragments
Short fragments of newly synthesised DNA strands produced during DNA replication. All the known DNA polymerases can only synthesis DNA in one direction, the 5' to 3' direction. However as the strands separate, replication forks will be moving along one parental strand in the 3' to 5' direction and 5' to 3' on the other parental strand. On the forme …

OKT-cells
Cell's recognised by monoclonal antibodies to T lymphocyte antigens: OKT-3 cell's are T lymphocytes as a class, since all share a common leukocyte differentiation antigen; OKT-4 cell's are helper cell's; OKT-8 cell's are suppressor cell's. OKT-4/OKT-8 expresses the ratio of helper to suppressor cell's, sometimes used as a measure of the functional …

olamine
USAN-approved contraction for ethanolamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

old
1. Not young; advanced far in years or life; having lived till toward the end of the ordinary term of living; as, an old man; an old age; an old horse; an old tree. 'Let not old age disgrace my high desire.' (Sir P. Sidney) 'The melancholy news that we grow old.' (Young) ... 2. Not new or fresh; not recently made or produced; having existed for a lo …

old age assistance
Financial assistance for the impoverished elderly through public funding of programs, services, and individual income supplements. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

old growth
Timber stands with the following characteristics: large mature and over-mature trees in the overstory, snags, dead and decaying logs on the ground, and a multi-layered canopy with trees of several age classes. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

Old World leishmaniasis
Synonym for cutaneous leishmaniasis ... Infection with promastigotes (leptomonads) of Leishmania tropica and of leishmaniasis major inoculated into the skin by the bite of an infected sandfly, Phlebotomus (commonly P. Papatasi); it is endemic in parts of Asia Minor, northern Africa, and India, and is known by innumerable names, each indicating its l …

old yellow enzyme
Synonym for NADPH dehydrogenase ... <enzyme> A flavoprotein that reversibly oxidises NADPH to NADP and a reduced acceptor. ... Chemical name: NADPH:(acceptor) oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.6.99.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

old-growth stand
Forest stand dominated by trees reaching natural death, the last stage in forest succession. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

oleaginous
Oily or greasy. ... Origin: L. Oleagineus, pertaining to olea, the olive tree ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oleander
<botany> A beautiful evergreen shrub of the Dogbane family, having clusters of fragrant red or white flowers. It is native of the East Indies, but the red variety has become common in the south of Europe. Called also rosebay, rose laurel, and South-sea rose. ... Every part of the plant is dangerously poisonous, and death has occured from using …

oleandomycin
<chemical> Antibiotic substance produced by streptomyces antibioticus. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, macrolide. ... Chemical name: Oleandomycin ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oleandomycin phosphate
An antibiotic substance produced by species of Streptomyces antibioticus; effective against staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, and some Gram-negative bacteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oleanolic acid
<chemical> 3 beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid. Occurs in leaves of olea europaea, viscum album l., and other higher plants. It is also the aglycone component of many saponins. ... Chemical name: Olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

olecranon bursitis
Inflammation of the olecranon bursa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olecranon fossa
A hollow on the dorsum of the distal end of the humerus, just above the trochlea, in which the olecranon process of the ulna rests when the elbow is extended. ... Synonym: fossa olecrani, anconal fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olecranon reflex
Flexion of the forearm caused by tapping the olecranon. ... Synonym: paradoxical triceps reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olefin
Synonym for alkene ... <chemistry> An organic molecule containing carbon and hydrogen atoms in straight or branched chains, where at least one carbon-carbon bond is a double bond. One of three major classes of aliphatic hydrocarbons. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

oleic
<physiology> Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, oil; as, oleic acid, an acid of the acrylic acid series found combined with glyceryl in the form of olein in certain animal and vegetable fats and oils, such as sperm oil, olive oil, etc. at low temperatures the acid is crystalline, but melts to an oily liquid above 14 C. ... Origin: L …

oleic acid
Synonym for fatty acids ... Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (fatty acids, unsaturated). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oleic acids
A group of fatty acids that contain 16 carbon atoms and 9 double bonds at the omega 9 carbon. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

olein
<physiology> A fat, liquid at ordinary temperatures, but solidifying at temperatures below 0 deg C, found abundantly in both the animal and vegetable kingdoms (see Palmitin). It dissolves solid fats, especially at 30-40 deg C. Chemically, olein is a glyceride of oleic acid; and, as three molecules of the acid are united to one molecule of gly …

oleo-
Oil. ... See: eleo-. ... Origin: L. Oleum ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oleogomenol
Synonym for gomenol ... <chemical, remedy> An ethereal oil obtained from a plant, Melaleuca viridiflora; the chief constituent is cineole. It has germicidal action, is free from irritating properties, and has been used in chronic inflammations of the pulmonary mucous membrane and as a vermifuge. ... Synonym: oleogomenol. ... Origin: Gomen, a loc …

oleogranuloma
Synonym for lipogranuloma ... A nodule or focus of granulomatous inflammation (usually of the foreign-body type) in association with lipid material deposited in tissues, e.g., after the injection of certain oils. ... See: paraffinoma. ... Synonym: eleoma, oil tumour, oleogranuloma, oleoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oleoma
Synonym for lipogranuloma ... A nodule or focus of granulomatous inflammation (usually of the foreign-body type) in association with lipid material deposited in tissues, e.g., after the injection of certain oils. ... See: paraffinoma. ... Synonym: eleoma, oil tumour, oleogranuloma, oleoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oleomargarine
1. A liquid oil made from animal fats (especially. Beef fat) by separating the greater portion of the solid fat or stearin, by crystallization. It is mainly a mixture of olein and palmitin with some little stearin. ... 2. An artificial butter made by churning this oil with more or less milk. ... Oleomargarine was wrongly so named, as it contains no m …

oleopalmitate
A double salt of oleic and palmitic acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oleosaccharum
A class of preparations made by the trituration of a volatile oil (anise, fennel, lemon, etc.) with sugar; used as a diluent or corrigent of powerful or bad tasting drugs in powder form. ... Synonym: oil sugar. ... Origin: oleo-+ G. Saccharon, sugar ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oleosome
<cell biology> Plant spherosome rich in lipid that serves as a storage granule in seeds and fruits. There are none of the enzymes characteristic of lysosomes. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oleostearate
A double salt of oleic and stearic acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oleosus
Greasy; relating to abnormality of the sebaceous apparatus. ... Origin: L., fr. Oleum, oil ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oleotherapy
Treatment of disease by an oil given internally or applied externally. ... Synonym: eleotherapy. ... Origin: oleo-+ G. Therapeia, therapy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oleovitamin
A solution of a vitamin in an edible oil. ... Oleovitamin A and D, a solution of vitamins A and D in fish liver oil or in an edible vegetable oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oleum terebinthinae
Synonym for turpentine oil ... A volatile oil, distilled from turpentine, that has been used as a diuretic, carminative, vermifuge, expectorant, rubefacient, and counterirritant. ... Synonym: oleum terebinthinae, turpentine spirit. ... Rectified turpentine oil, obtained by treating turpentine oil with sodium hydroxide, and redistilling; used externall …

oleyl alcohol
A mixture of aliphatic alcohols consisting chiefly of CH3(CH2)7CH==CH(CH2)7CH2OH; used as an emulsifying aid and in the preparation of cold cream; found in fish oils. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oleyl-anilide hydrolase
<enzyme> Widely distributed in rat tissues, particularly in adipose tissue; probably not due to aryl acylamidase (EC 3.5.1.13) ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

oleyl-CoA
A product of the d9-desaturase enzyme system in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. ... Synonym: oleyl-coenzyme A. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oleyl-coenzyme A
Synonym for oleyl-CoA ... A product of the d9-desaturase enzyme system in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. ... Synonym: oleyl-coenzyme A. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactie
Olfacty ... The unit of smell; the threshold of olfactory stimulation, or the point where the smell is just received in the olfactometer. ... Synonym: olfacty. ... Origin: see olfaction ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactology
Study of the sense of smell. ... Origin: olfaction + G. Logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactometer
A device for estimating the keenness of the sense of smell. ... Origin: L. Olfactus, smell, + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactometry
Determination of the degree of sensibility of the olfactory organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of odours. ... Synonym: osmophobia, osphresiophobia. ... Origin: L. Olfactus, smell, + G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory
<physiology> Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the sense of smell; as, the olfactory nerves; the olfactory cells. ... <anatomy> Olfactory organ, an organ for smelling. In vertebrates the olfactory organs are more or less complicated sacs, situated in the front part of the head and lined with epithelium innervated by the olfactory (or …

olfactory angle
The angle formed by the plane of the lamina cribrosa and the basicranial axis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory area
Synonym for anterior perforated substance ... A region at the base of the brain through which numerous small branches of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries (lenticulostriate arteries) enter the depth of the cerebral hemisphere; it is bordered medially by the optic chasm and anterior half of the optic tract, rostrally and laterally by the late …

olfactory bulb
Ovoid body resting on the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone where the olfactory nerve terminates. The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose dendrites the olfactory nerve synapses, forming the olfactory glomeruli. The accessory olfactory bulb, which receives the projection from the vomeronasal o …

olfactory bundle
A fibre system, described by E. Zuckerkandl as 'Reichbundel,' descending from the transparent septum in front of the anterior commissure toward the base of the forebrain; it contains precommissural fibres of the fornix, fibres from the septum to the hypothalamus and innominate substance, as well as fibres ascending to the septum and hippocampus fro …

olfactory cells
Synonym for olfactory receptor cells ... Very slender nerve cell's, with large nuclei and surmounted by six to eight long, sensitive cilia in the olfactory epithelium at the roof of the nose; they are the receptors for smell. ... Synonym: olfactory cells, Schultze's cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory cortex
Synonym for piriform cortex ... The olfactory cortex, corresponding to the rostral half of the uncus; receiving its major afferents from the olfactory bulb, it is classified as allocortex. ... See: cerebral cortex. ... Synonym: olfactory cortex, piriform area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory epithelium
The epithelium lining the nose. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

olfactory esthesioneuroblastoma
Synonym for olfactory neuroblastoma ... <tumour> A rare, often slowly growing malignant tumour of primitive nerve cells, usually arising in the olfactory area of the nasal cavity. ... Synonym: olfactory esthesioneuroblastoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory fila
Synonym for olfactory nerves ... Collective term denoting the numerous olfactory filaments: slender fascicles each composed of the thin, unmyelinated axons of 8 to 12 of the bipolar olfactory receptor cells in the olfactory portion of the nasal mucosa; the olfactory filaments pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and enter the olfact …

olfactory foramen
One of the openings in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, transmitting the olfactory nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory glands
Branched tubuloalveolar serous secreting glands (of Bowman) in the mucous membrane of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. ... Synonym: glandulae olfactoriae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory glomerulus
One of the small spherical territories in the olfactory bulb in which dendrites of mitral and tufted cells synapse with axons of olfactory receptor cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory groove
Synonym for olfactory sulcus ... The sagittal sulcus on the inferior or orbital surface of each frontal lobe of the cerebrum, demarcating the straight gyrus from the orbital gyri, and covered on the orbital surface by the olfactory bulb and tract. ... Synonym: sulcus olfactorius, olfactory groove. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory hallucination
False perception in smell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory hyperesthesia
Synonym for hyperosmia ... An exaggerated or abnormally acute sense of smell. ... Synonym: hyperosphresia, hyperosphresis, olfactory hyperesthesia, hyperesthesia olfactoria, oxyosmia, oxyosphresia. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Osme, sense of smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory hypesthesia
Synonym for hyposmia ... Diminished sense of smell. ... Synonym: hyposphresia, olfactory hypesthesia. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Osme, smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory membrane
That part of the nasal mucosa having olfactory receptor cells and glands of Bowman. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory mucosa
That portion of the nasal mucosa containing the sensory endings for olfaction; the organ of smell. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

olfactory nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The olfactory nerve carries impulses for the sense of smell. ... Synonym: cranial nerve I. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

olfactory nerves
Collective term denoting the numerous olfactory filaments: slender fascicles each composed of the thin, unmyelinated axons of 8 to 12 of the bipolar olfactory receptor cells in the olfactory portion of the nasal mucosa; the olfactory filaments pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and enter the olfactory bulb, where they terminate i …

olfactory neuroblastoma
<tumour> A rare, often slowly growing malignant tumour of primitive nerve cells, usually arising in the olfactory area of the nasal cavity. ... Synonym: olfactory esthesioneuroblastoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

olfactory neurons
Sensory neurons from the lining of the nose. They are the only neurons that continue to divide and differentiate throughout an organisms life. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...