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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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nystagmiformSynonym for nystagmoid ... Resembling nystagmus. ... Synonym: nystagmiform. ... Origin: nystagmus + G. Eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
nystagmogramThe tracing produced by a nystagmograph. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
nystagmographAn apparatus for measuring the amplitude, periodicity, and velocity of ocular movements in nystagmus, by measuring the change in the resting potential of the eye as the eye moves. ... Origin: nystagmus + G. Grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
nystagmographyThe technique of recording nystagmus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
nystagmoidResembling nystagmus. ... Synonym: nystagmiform. ... Origin: nystagmus + G. Eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
nystagmus<neurology> An involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball, which may be horizontal, vertical, rotatory or mixed, i.e., of two varieties. ... Origin: Gr. Nystagmos = drowsiness, from nystazein = to nod ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
nystagmus testSynonym for Barany's caloric test ... A test for vestibular function, made by irrigating the external auditory meatus with either hot or cold water; this normally causes stimulation of the vestibular apparatus, resulting in nystagmus and past-pointing; in vestibular disease, the response may be reduced or absent. ... Synonym: caloric test, nystagmus …
nystagmus, optokineticThe normal or physiological nystagmus induced by the attempt to fixate objects moving rapidly across the field of vision. It occurs, for example, when viewing objects from a moving railroad car or automobile. It is also called railroad nystagmus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
nystagmus, physiologicInvoluntary rhythmical movements of the eyes in the normal person. These can be naturally occurring as in end-position (end-point, end-stage, or deviational) nystagmus or induced by the optokinetic drum (nystagmus, optokinetic), caloric test, or a rotating chair. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
nystatin<drug> A polyene antibiotic active against fungi. The name is derived from new York State Health Department where it was discovered as a product of Streptomyces noursei. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Nysten, Pierre<person> French physician, 1771-1818. ... See: Nysten's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Nysten's lawRigor mortis affects first the muscles of the head and spreads toward the feet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
nyxisA pricking; paracentesis. ... Origin: G. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O 2A progenitorBipotential progenitor cells in rat optic nerve that give rise initially to oligodendrocytes and then to type 2 astrocytes. Production of type 2 astrocytes from O 2A progenitor cells in vitro is triggered by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
O agglutininAn agglutinin that is formed as the result of stimulation by, and that reacts with, the relatively thermostable antigen(s) in the cell bodies of microorganisms. ... Synonym: somatic agglutinin. ... See ABO blood group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O antigenSomatic antigen of enteric gram-negative bacteria. External part of cell wall lipopolysaccharide. ... See: H antigen. ... See ABO blood group, Blood Groups appendix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O antigensTetra and penta saccharide repeat units of the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. They are a component of lipopolysaccharide. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
O colonyGrowth of a nonmotile bacterium in discrete, compact colony's in contrast to a film of growth produced by some motile bacteria. ... Compare: H colony. ... Origin: Ger. Ohne Hauch, without breath ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O-(triethylaminoethyl) celluloseSynonym for TEAE-cellulose ... Cellulose to which triethylaminoethyl groups have been attached; used in ion-exchange chromatography. ... Synonym: O-(triethylaminoethyl) cellulose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O-acetylcarnitineThe acetyl derivative of carnitine formed by carnitine acetyltransferase. Facilitates acetyl transport into the mitochondria and is an important fuel source for sperm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O-acetylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase<enzyme> With hydrogen sulfide, forms homocysteine ... Registry number: EC 4.2.99.10 ... Synonym: acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase, homocysteine synthase, oah sulfhydrylase, o-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase, o-acetyl-l-homoserine sulfhydrylase, o-acetylhomoserine-o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase, met25 sulfhydrylase, o-acetylserine-o-acetylhomoserine …
o-aminoazotoluene<chemical> An azo dye with carcinogenic properties. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens, dyes. ... Chemical name: Benzenamine, 2-methyl-4-((2-methylphenyl)azo)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
o-aminobenzoic acidSynonym for anthranilic acid ... One of the products of tryptophan catabolism. ... Synonym: o-aminobenzoic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O-antigen depolymerase<enzyme> Cleaves surface o-polysaccharide (o-antigen)of salmonella anatum ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
O-antigen polymerase<enzyme> Involved in the binding of o-antigen repeat units and in polymerizing into the o-antigen chain; mw 43.7 kD; genbank x71970 ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... Synonym: rfc protein, s. Flexneri, rfc gene product, o-antigen polymerase, shigella, o-antigen polymerase, pseudomonas, rfc protein, pseudomonas, o-antigen polymerase, e. Coli …
o-benzenedialdehydeSynonym for o-phthalaldehyde ... <chemical> 1,2-benzenedicarboxaldehyde. A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids. ... Pharmacological action: disinfectants, indicators and reagents. ... Chemical na …
o-chlorobenzalmalononitrileA strong lacrimator used in riot control. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
o-chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile<chemical> ((2-chlorophenyl)methylene)propanedinitrile. A riot control agent which causes temporary irritation of the eyes and the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract. It is a more potent irritant than omega-chloroacetophenone, but less incapacitating. ... Pharmacological action: tear gases. ... Chemical name: Propanedinitrile, ((2-chlorop …
o-chlorophenolAn antiseptic liquid, used in the treatment of lupus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O-diethylaminoethyl celluloseCellulose to which diethylaminoethyl groups have been attached; used in anion-exchange chromatography. ... Synonym: DEAE-cellulose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
o-diphenolaseSynonym for catechol oxidase ... <enzyme> An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyses the reaction between catechol and oxygen to yield benzoquinone and water. It is a complex of copper-containing proteins that acts also on a variety of substituted catechols. ... Chemical name: 1,2-Benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase ... Registry number: …
O-phosphocholineSynonym for phosphocholine ... (CH3)3N+-CH2 CH2-OPO3 H-; choline O-phosphate;important in choline metabolism, e.g., as in cytidinediphosphocholine and in the biosynthesis of lecithins. ... Synonym: O-phosphocholine, phosphorylcholine. ... Phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase, an enzyme that catalyses the reaction of phosphocholine with CTP to form pyro …
O-phosphono-<prefix> Prefix indicating a phosphonic acid radical (-PO3H2) attached through an oxygen atom, hence a phosphoric ester. ... See: phospho-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O-phosphoserine2-O3 P- OCH2CH(NH3)+COO-;the phosphoric ester of serine; found as a constituent in many proteins (e.g., phosphorylase a and phosvitin). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
o-phthalaldehyde<chemical> 1,2-benzenedicarboxaldehyde. A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids. ... Pharmacological action: disinfectants, indicators and reagents. ... Chemical name: 1,2-Benzenedicarboxaldehyde< …
o-point<physics> Place where the poloidal magnetic field vanishes in such a way that the nearby flux surfaces are elliptical, for example on the magnetic axis or at the centre of a magnetic island. (See also X-Point.) ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
O-R system<abbreviation> Oxidation-reduction system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase<enzyme> Specific for o-sialoglycoproteins such as glycophorin a; amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.57 ... Synonym: pht a1 glycoprotease, o-glycosylated glycoprotein protease, sialoglycoprotease, glycophorin a protease, glycophorin a glycoprotease, glycoprotease, pasteurella haemolytica a1 ... (26 Jun 1999) …
o-succinylbenzoic acid synthase<enzyme> E coli enzyme; with shchc synthase catalyses formation of o-succinylbenzoic acid from isochorismic acid and alpha-ketoglutarate in presence of thiamine pyropyrophosphate; succinic semialdehyde anion is formed by decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate by thiamine pyrophosphate; anion then attacks isochorismic acid, initiating aromatiz …
O-succinylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase<enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reaction between cystathionine and succinate to form l-cysteine and O-succinyl-l-homoserine. ... Synonym: cystathionine gamma-synthase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O'BeirneJames, Irish surgeon, 1786-1862. ... See: O'Beirne's sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O'Beirne's sphincterSynonym for rectosigmoid sphincter ... <anatomy> A circular band of muscular fibres at the recto sigmoid junction. ... Synonym: O'Beirne's sphincter, O'Beirne's valve, pelvirectal sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O'Beirne's valveSynonym for rectosigmoid sphincter ... <anatomy> A circular band of muscular fibres at the recto sigmoid junction. ... Synonym: O'Beirne's sphincter, O'Beirne's valve, pelvirectal sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O'DwyerJoseph P., U.S. Physician, 1841-1898. ... See: O'Dwyer's tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O'Dwyer's tubeA metal tube formerly used for intubation of the larynx in diphtheria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O'Hara forcepsTwo slender clamp forceps's held together by a serrefine, once used in intestinal anastomosis; now obsolete. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
O'Hara, Michael Jr<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1869-1926. ... See: O'Hara forceps. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
o'nyong-nyong feverA dengue-like disease caused by the o'nyong-nyong virus, a member of the family Togaviridae, and transmitted by a mosquito, characterised by joint pains and notable lymphadenopathy followed by a maculopapular eruption of the face which extends to the trunk and extremities but fades in several days without desquamation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
o'nyong-nyong virusA virus of the genus Alphavirus, in the family Togaviridae, found in Uganda, Kenya, and Congo, which causes o'nyong-nyong fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
oak1. <botany> Any tree or shrub of the genus Quercus. The oaks have alternate leaves, often variously lobed, and staminate flowers in catkins. The fruit is a smooth nut, called an acorn, which is more or less inclosed in a scaly involucre called the cup or cupule. There are now recognised about three hundred species, of which nearly fifty occur …
oak appleSynonym for nutgall ... An excrescence on the oak, Quercus infectoria (family Fagaceae) and other species of Quercus, caused by the deposit of the ova of a fly, Cynips gallae tinctorae; an astringent and styptic, by virtue of the tannin it contains. ... Synonym: gall, galla, oak apple. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
oar1. An implement for impelling a boat, being a slender piece of timber, usually ash or spruce, with a grip or handle at one end and a broad blade at the other. The part which rests in the rowlock is called the loom. ... An oar is a kind of long paddle, which swings about a kind of fulcrum, called a rowlock, fixed to the side of the boat. ... 2. An oar …
oari-Oario- ... An obsolete term for an ovary. ... See: oo-, oophor-, ovario-. ... Origin: G. Oarion, a small egg, dim. Of oon, egg ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
oasthouse urine diseaseAn inherited metabolic defect in the absorption of methionine which is converted by intestinal bacteria to alpha-hydroxybutyric acid; characterised by diarrhoea, tachypnea, and marked urinary excretion of alpha-hydroxybutyric acid (causing an odour like that of an oasthouse). ... Origin: oast, kiln for drying hops, malt, or tobacco ... (05 Mar 2000)< …
oat cellA short, bluntly spindle-shaped cell that contains a relatively large, hyperchromatic nucleus, frequently observed in some forms of undifferentiated bronchogenic carcinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
oat cell cancerA type of lung cancer in which the cells look like oats. Also called small cell lung cancer. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
oat cell carcinoma<tumour> An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with very scanty cytoplasm; this carcinoma and small round cell carcinoma's comprise over one-third of carcinoma's of the lung. ... Synonym: small cell carcinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
oathOrigin: OE. Othe, oth, ath, AS. A; akin to D. Eed, OS. E, G. Eid, Icel. Eir, Sw. Ed, Dan. Eed, Goth. Ais; cf. OIr. Oeth. ... 1. A solemn affirmation or declaration, made with a reverent appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed. 'I have an oath in heaven' 'An oath of secrecy for the concealing of those [inventions] which we think fit to keep s …
oatmeal-tomato paste agarA special culture medium for the production of ascospore formation in the dermatophytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
oatsA grass of the genus avena, especially a. Sativa, widely cultivated for its edible seeds and also the seeds of the oat, used as food and fodder. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
OAV syndromeSynonym for oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia ... A syndrome characterised by epibulbar dermoids, preauricular appendages, micrognathia, and vertebral and other anomalies. ... Synonym: Goldenhar's syndrome, OAV syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
OBShort for obstetrics (or an obstetrician). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
OB-GYNA commonly used abbreviation. GYN is short for gynecology (or a gynecologist). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
obdormitionNumbness of an extremity, due to pressure on the sensory nerve. ... Origin: L. Ob-dormio, pp. -itus, to sleep ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
obdurate1. Hardened in feelings, especially. Against moral or mollifying influences; unyielding; hard-hearted; stubbornly wicked. 'The very custom of evil makes the heart obdurate against whatsoever instructions to the contrary.' (Hooker) 'Art thou obdurate, flinty, hard as steel, Nay, more than flint, for stone at rain relenteth?' (Shak) ... 2. Hard; harsh …
obedience1. The act of obeying, or the state of being obedient; compliance with that which is required by authority; subjection to rightful restraint or control. 'Government must compel the obedience of individuals.' (Ames) ... 2. Words or actions denoting submission to authority; dutifulness. ... 3. A following; a body of adherents; as, the Roman Catholic ob …
obeliacRelating to the obelion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
obeliadToward the obelion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
obelin<protein> Calcium activated photoprotein in the photocyte of the colonial hydroid coelenterate, Obelia geniculata. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
obelisk1. An upright, four-sided pillar, gradually tapering as it rises, and terminating in a pyramid called pyramidion. It is ordinarily monolithic. Egyptian obelisks are commonly covered with hieroglyphic writing from top to bottom. ... 2. A mark of reference; called also dagger [<dag/] See Dagger. ... Origin: L. Obeliscus, Gr, dim. Of a spit, a pointe …
ObermayerFriedrich, Austrian physician, 1861-1925. ... See: Obermayer's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Obermayer's testA test for indican; solids in the urine are precipitated by means of a 20% solution of acetate of lead and then filtered, and to the filtrate is added fuming hydrochloric acid containing a small amount of ferric chloride solution; if indican is present, the addition of chloroform causes the formation of indigo, indicated by the blue colour. ... (05 …
ObermeierOtto H.F., German physician, 1843-1873. ... See: Obermeier's spirillum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Obermeier's spirillumSynonym for Borrelia recurrentis ... A species causing relapsing fever in South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia; transmitted by the bedbug, Cimex lectularius, and the louse, Pediculus humanus subsp. Humanus. ... Synonym: Obermeier's spirillum, Spirochaeta obermeieri. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ObersteinerH., Austrian neurologist, 1847-1922. ... See: Obersteiner-Redlich line, Obersteiner-Redlich zone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Obersteiner-Redlich lineSynonym for Obersteiner-Redlich zone ... The narrow line along the course of a nerve (or nerve root) where the Schwann cells and connective tissue that support its axons are replaced by glia cells. The zone marks the true boundary between the central and the peripheral nervous system. Usually located at or near the surface of the spinal cord or brai …
Obersteiner-Redlich zoneThe narrow line along the course of a nerve (or nerve root) where the Schwann cells and connective tissue that support its axons are replaced by glia cells. The zone marks the true boundary between the central and the peripheral nervous system. Usually located at or near the surface of the spinal cord or brainstem, it can extend (e.g., in the eight …
obeseExcessively fat. ... Synonym: corpulent. ... Origin: L. Obesus, fat, partic. Adj., fr. Ob-edo, pp. -esus, to eat away, devour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
obesity<clinical sign> An increase in body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirement, as the result of an excessive accumulation of fat in the body. ... Origin: L. Obesus = fat ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
obesity indexBody weight divided by body volume. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
obesity-related diseasesObesity increases the risk of developing a number of diseases including: type 2 (adult-onset) diabetes high blood pressure (hypertension) stroke (cerebrovascular accident or cva) heart attack (myocardial infarction or mi) heart failure (congestive heart failure) cancer (only certain forms such as prostate and colon cancer) gallstones and gall bladd …
obesity, morbidThe condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
obexThe point on the midline of the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata that marks the caudal angle of the rhomboid fossa or fourth ventricle. It corresponds to a small, transverse medullary fold overhanging the calamus scriptorius. ... Origin: L. Barrier ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
obfuscateTo darken; to obscure; to becloud; hence, to confuse; to bewilder. 'His head, like a smokejack, the funnel unswept, and the ideas whirling round and round about in it, all obfuscated and darkened over with fuliginous matter.' (Sterne) 'Clouds of passion which might obfuscate the intellects of meaner females.' (Sir. W. Scott) ... Origin: Obfuscated; …
obfuscation1. A rendering dark or obscure. ... 2. A deliberate attempt to confuse or to prevent understanding. ... Origin: L. Ob-fusco, pp. -atus, to darken, fr. Fuscus, dark, tawny ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
obidoxime chloride<chemical> 1,1'-(oxybis(methylene))bis(4-(hydroxyimino)methyl)pyridinium dichloride. Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti. ... Pharmacological action: cholinesterase reactivators. ... Chemical name: Pyridinium, 1,1'-(oxybis(methylene))bis(4-((hydroxyimino)methyl)-, dichloride ... (12 Dec 1998)< …
obituaryOrigin: Cf. F. Obituaire. See Obit. ... 1. That which pertains to, or is called forth by, the obit or death of a person; especially, an account of a deceased person; a notice of the death of a person, accompanied by a biographical sketch. ... 2. A list of the dead, or a register of anniversary days when service is performed for the dead. ... Source: W …
object1. That which is put, or which may be regarded as put, in the way of some of the senses; something visible or tangible; as, he observed an object in the distance; all the objects in sight; he touched a strange object in the dark. ... 2. That which is set, or which may be regarded as set, before the mind so as to be apprehended or known; that of whic …
object attachmentEmotional attachment to someone or something in the environment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
object blindnessSynonym for mind blindness ... Visual agnosia for objects. The subjet sees the object, but cannot identify it; due to a lesion in area 18 of the occipital cortex. ... Synonym: object blindness, psychanopsia, psychic blindness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
object choiceIn psychoanalysis, the object (usually a person) upon which psychic energy is centreed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
object constancyThe tendency for objects to be perceived as unchanging despite variations in the positions in and conditions under which the objects are observed; e.g., a book's shape is always perceived as a rectangle regardless of the visual angle from which it is viewed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
object field<microscopy> A position lying in the front focal plane of the objective. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
object glassSynonym for objective ... 1. <psychology> Perceptible to the external senses. ... 2. <ophthalmology> The lens or system of lenses in a microscope (or telescope) that is nearest to the object under examination. ... Origin: L. Objectivus ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
object relationshipIn the behavioural sciences, the emotional bond between an individual and another person (or between two groups), as opposed to the individual's (or group's) interest in him or herself (itself). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
object space<microscopy> A space within which an object could be imaged by the lens. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
objective1. <psychology> Perceptible to the external senses. ... 2. <ophthalmology> The lens or system of lenses in a microscope (or telescope) that is nearest to the object under examination. ... Origin: L. Objectivus ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
objective assessment dataThose facts presented by the client that show his/her perception, understanding and interpretation of what is happening. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
objective circle<microscopy> When the focused objective is examined by with- drawing the ocular and viewing its back focal plane through the microscope bodytube, the limiting boundary of the objective, the circumference of the white spot of light, is the objective circle. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
objective perimetryDetermination of the visual field by pupillary constriction, electroencephalography, or eye movements. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
