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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

syn-
(Properly prefixed to words of G. Derivation) indicating together, with, joined; appears as sym-before b, p, pH, or m; corresponds to L. Con-. ... Origin: G. Syn, with, together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synadelphus
Conjoined twins with single head, partially united trunk, and four upper and four lower limbs. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Adelphos, brother ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synalgia
Synonym: referred pain. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synalgic
Relating to or marked by referred pain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synanastomosis
An anastomosis between several blood vessels. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synandrium
<plant biology> An androecium with the anthers of the stamens cohering. ... Compare: syngenesious. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

synandrogenic
Relating to any agent or condition that enhances the effects of androgens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synangium
<botany> Of fruit, several fruits united in a single structure. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

synanthem
Synanthema ... An exanthem consisting of several different forms of eruption. ... Origin: G. Syn-antheo, to blossom together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synaphoceptors
Receptors stimulated by direct contact. ... Origin: G. Synaphe, contact, + L. Recipio, to receive ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synapse
<physiology> A connection between excitable cells, by which an excitation is conveyed from one to the other. ... 1. Chemical synapse: one in which an action potential causes the exocytosis of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic cell, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to ligand gated ion channels on the post synaptic cell. Th …

synapses
Specialised junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or …

synapsin I
A fibrous phosphoprotein that links synaptic vesicles together in the axon terminal; synapsin I is a substrate for certain kinases; phosphorylation of synapsin I allows release of neurotransmitters. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synapsins
<protein> Family of phosphoproteins associated with synaptic vesicles and implicated in control of release. ... Synapsin Ia (84 kD) and Ib (80 kD) are alternatively spliced variants as are synapsins IIa (74 kD) and IIb (55 kD). Can be phosphorylated by several protein kinases. Thought to be involved in regulation of neurotransmitter release at …

synapsis
<cell biology> The specific pairing of the chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. It allows crossing over to take place. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

synaptic
<physiology> Pertaining to or affecting a synapse or synapsis. ... (10 Jan 1998) ...

synaptic boutons
Synonym for axon terminals ... The somewhat enlarged, often club-shaped endings by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells or with effector cells (muscle or gland cells). As isolated, by homogenizing brain or spinal cord, they contain acetylcholine and the related enzymes. Terminals contain neurotransmitters of various kinds, somet …

synaptic cleft
<physiology> The narrow space between the presynaptic cell and the postsynaptic cell in a chemical synapse, across which the neurotransmitter diffuses. ... (10 Jan 1998) ...

synaptic conduction
The conduction of a nerve impulse across a synapse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synaptic endings
Synonym for axon terminals ... The somewhat enlarged, often club-shaped endings by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells or with effector cells (muscle or gland cells). As isolated, by homogenizing brain or spinal cord, they contain acetylcholine and the related enzymes. Terminals contain neurotransmitters of various kinds, somet …

synaptic membranes
Cell membranes associated with synapses. Both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are included along with their integral or tightly associated specializations for the release or reception of transmitters. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

synaptic phase
Synonym for synapsis ... <cell biology> The specific pairing of the chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. It allows crossing over to take place. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

synaptic resistance
The ease or difficulty with which a nerve impulse can cross a synapse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synaptic terminals
Synonym for axon terminals ... The somewhat enlarged, often club-shaped endings by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells or with effector cells (muscle or gland cells). As isolated, by homogenizing brain or spinal cord, they contain acetylcholine and the related enzymes. Terminals contain neurotransmitters of various kinds, somet …

synaptic transmission
<physiology> The process of propagating a signal from one cell to another via a synapse. ... (10 Jan 1998) ...

synaptic vesicle
<cell biology> Intracellular vesicles found in the presynaptic terminals of chemical synapses, which contain neurotransmitter. ... During activity the vescles release their contents at the synapse and the neurotransmitter stimulate receptors on other cells. ... (10 Jan 1998) ...

synaptic vesicles
Membrane-bound compartments which contain transmitter molecules. Synaptic vesicles are concentrated at presynaptic terminals. They actively sequester transmitter molecules from the cytoplasm. In at least some synapses, transmitter release occurs by fusion of these vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, followed by exocytosis of their contents. ... …

synaptinemal complex
A submicroscopic structure interposed between the homologous chromosome pairs during synapsis. ... Synonym: synaptonemal complex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synaptobrevin
<protein> Small integral membrane protein of synaptic vesicles. Binds SNAPs and also interacts with target SNARE (syntaxin). ... Cleaved by clostridial toxins encoding zinc endopeptidases, such as tetanus toxin and botulinum toxin, blocking synaptic release. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

synaptogenesis
<cell biology> Formation of a synapse. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

synaptology
Study of the synapse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synaptonemal complex
<cell biology> Structure, identified by electron microscopy, lying between chromosomes during synapsis, consists of two lateral plates closely apposed to the chromosomes and connected to a central plate by filaments. It appears to act as a scaffold and is essential for crossing over. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

synaptophysin
<protein> Abundant synaptic vesicle membrane component glycoprotein composed of a 38 kD subunit that spans the membrane 4 times and has both its N and C termini located cytoplasmically. ... Its transmembrane organisation and putative quaternary structure ressembles the molecular topology of gap junction proteins or connexins. ... (10 Jan 1998)< …

synaptoporin
<protein> Putative channel protein of synaptic vesicles and a member of the synaptophysin or connexin superfamily. It has 58% amino acid identity to synaptophysin with highly conserved transmembrane segments but a divergent cytoplasmic tail. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

synaptosome
<cell biology> A subcellular fraction prepared from tissues rich in chemical synapses, used in biochemical studies. Consists mainly of vesicles from presynaptic terminals. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

synaptosomes
Pinched-off nerve endings and their contents of vesicles and cytoplasm together with the attached subsynaptic area of the membrane of the post-synaptic cell. They are largely artificial structures produced by fractionation after selective centrifugation of nervous tissue homogenates. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

synaptotagmin
<protein> Calcium binding synaptic vesicle protein that binds acidic phospholipids and recognises the cytoplasmic domain of the neurexins. May be involved in vesicle docking. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

synarthrodial
Relating to synarthrosis; denoting an articulation without a joint cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synarthrodial joint
Synonym for fibrous joint ... A union of two bones by fibrous tissue such that there is no joint cavity and almost no motion possible; the types of fibrous joints are sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses. ... Synonym: articulatio fibrosa, immovable joint, junctura fibrosa, synarthrodia, synarthrodial joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synarthrophysis
The process of ankylosis. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Arthron, joint, + physis, growth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncanthus
Adhesion of the eyeball to orbital structures. ... Origin: syn-+ L. Canthus, wheel ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncarp
<plant biology> A structure consisting of several united fruits, usually fleshy. ... Compare: aggregate fruit. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

syncarpous
<plant biology> Of a flower, having two or more carpels, all fused together. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

syncaryon
Synonym for synkaryon ... <genetics, molecular biology> A somatic hybrid cell in which chromosomes from two different parental cells are enveloped in a single nucleus. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

syncephalus
Conjoined twins having a single head with two bodies. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Compare: craniopagus, janiceps. ... Synonym: monocephalus, monocranius. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncephalus asymmetros
Synonym for janiceps asymmetrus ... A janiceps with one very small and imperfectly developed face. ... Synonym: iniops, syncephalus asymmetros. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncephaly
The condition exhibited by a syncephalus. ... Synonym: prozygosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncheilia
A more or less complete adhesion of the lips; atresia of the mouth. ... Synonym: synchilia. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Cheilos, lip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncheiria
A form of dyscheiria in which the subject refers a stimulus applied to one side of the body to both sides. ... Synonym: synchiria. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Cheir, hand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchilia
Synonym for syncheilia ... A more or less complete adhesion of the lips; atresia of the mouth. ... Synonym: synchilia. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Cheilos, lip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchiria
Synonym for syncheiria ... A form of dyscheiria in which the subject refers a stimulus applied to one side of the body to both sides. ... Synonym: synchiria. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Cheir, hand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchondroseotomy
<procedure> Operation of cutting through a synchondrosis; specifically, cutting through the sacroiliac ligaments and forcibly closing the arch of the pubes; used in the treatment of exstrophy of the bladder. ... Origin: synchondrosis + G. Tome, cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchondroses cranii
Synonym for cranial synchondroses ... The cartilaginous joints of the skull; these include sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis, spheno-occipital synchondrosis, sphenopetrosa synchondrosis, petro-occipital synchondrosis, anterior intraoccipital and posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis. ... Synonym: synchondroses cranii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchondroses intersternebrales
Persisting cartilages uniting the bony elements of the sternum, as in some domestic animals such as the dog. ... Synonym: intersternebral joints. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchondroses sternales
Synonym for sternal synchondroses ... The cartilaginous junctions between the body of the sternum and the manubrium, and the xiphoid process; in domestic animals, there may be several, e.g., synchondrosis manubriosternalis, synchondrosis intersternebralis, and synchondrosis xiphosternalis. ... Synonym: synchondroses sternales, sternal joints. ... (05 …

synchondrosis arycorniculata
Synonym for arycorniculate synchondrosis ... The junction of the corniculate cartilage (of Santorini) with the arytenoid. ... Synonym: synchondrosis arycorniculata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchondrosis epiphyseos
Synonym for epiphysial line ... The line of junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone where growth in length occurs. ... Synonym: linea epiphysialis, synchondrosis epiphyseos. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchondrosis manubriosternalis
Synonym for manubriosternal joint ... The early union, by hyaline cartilage, of the manubrium and the body of the sternum, which later becomes a symphysial type of joint. ... Synonym: synchondrosis manubriosternalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchondrosis petro-occipitalis
Synonym for petro-occipital joint ... Fibrocartilage filling the petro-occipital fissure. ... Synonym: synchondrosis petro-occipitalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchondrosis spheno-occipitalis
Synonym for spheno-occipital synchondrosis ... Cartilaginous union between the body of the sphenoid and the basilar portion of the occipital; it fuses by the twentieth year; incorrectly called spheno-occipital suture. ... Synonym: synchondrosis spheno-occipitalis, spheno-occipital joint, spheno-occipital suture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchondrosis sphenoethmoidalis
Synonym for sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis ... Cartilaginous union between the body of the sphenoid and the posterior part of the ethmoidal labyrinth. ... Synonym: synchondrosis sphenoethmoidalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchondrosis sphenopetrosa
Synonym for sphenopetrosal synchondrosis ... Sphenopetrous synchondrosis, fibrocartilage filling the sphenopetrosal fissure. ... Synonym: synchondrosis sphenopetrosa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchondrosis xiphosternalis
Synonym for xiphisternal joint ... The cartilaginous union between the xiphoid process and the body of the sternum. ... Synonym: synchondrosis xiphosternalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchorial
Relating to fused chorions as are found in multiple-foetus pregnancies. ... Origin: syn-+ chorion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchronia
Synonym: synchronism. ... 2. Origin, development, involution, or functioning of tissues or organs at the usual time for such an event. ... Compare: heterochronia. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Chronos, time ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchronic
From the Greek syn-, together + chronos, time = together in time. A synchronic study is a study done all together at one point in time rather than longitudinally over the course of time. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

synchronic study
Synonym for cross-sectional study ... <epidemiology> A study in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with longitudinal studies which are followed over a period of time. ... Synonym: hor …

synchronism
Occurrence of two or more events at the same time; the condition of being simultaneous. ... Synonym: synchronia. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Chronos, time ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchronous
Occurring simultaneously. ... Synonym: homochronous. ... Origin: G. Synchronos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchronous cell population
<cell culture> A culture of cells that all divide in synchrony. ... Particularly useful for certain studies of the cell cycle, cells can be made synchronous by depriving them of essential molecules, which are then restored. Synchronisation breaks down after a few cycles, however, as individual cells have unique division rates. ... (19 Jan 1998) …

synchronous reflex
Subsidiary reflex actions occurring in association with the main or leading reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchrony
The simultaneous appearance of two separate events. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Chronos, time ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchrotron
A machine for generating high speed electrons or protons, as for nuclear studies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synchrotron radiation
<physics> Electromagnetic energy radiated from a charged particle moving in a curved orbit (typically in a magnetic field), due to the acceleration required to change the direction of the particle's velocity. ... See: bremsstrahlung. ... Synonym: cyclotron radiation. ... (13 Jan 1998) ...

synchrotrons
Devices for accelerating protons or electrons in closed orbits where the accelerating voltage and magnetic field strength varies (the accelerating voltage is held constant for electrons) in order to keep the orbit radius constant. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

synchysis scintillans
An appearance of glistening spots in the eye, due to cholesterol crystals floating in a fluid vitreous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncinesis
Synonym for synkinesis ... Involuntary movement accompanying a voluntary one, as the movement of a closed eye following that of the uncovered one, or the movement occurring in a paralysed muscle accompanying motion in another part. ... Synonym: syncinesis. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Kinesis, movement ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synclinal
1. Inclined downward from opposite directions, so as to meet in a common point or line. ... 2. <geology> Formed by strata dipping toward a common line or plane; as, a synclinal trough or valley; a synclinal fold; opposed to anticlinal. ... A downward flexure in the case of folded rocks makes a synclinal axis, and the alternating upward flexure …

synclitic
Relating to or marked by synclitism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synclitism
Condition of parallelism between the planes of the foetal head and of the pelvis, respectively. ... Origin: G. Syn-klino, to incline together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synclonic spasm
Clonic spasm of two or more muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

synclonus
Clonic spasm or tremor of several muscles. ... Origin: syn-+ G. Klonos, tumult ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncolin
<protein> Microtubule associated protein (280 kD) found in chicken erythrocytes. Has some similarities with MAP 2, but thought to be distinct. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

syncopal
Relating to syncope. ... Synonym: syncopic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncopate
1. To contract, as a word, by taking one or more letters or syllables from the middle; as, 'Gloster' is a syncopated form of 'Gloucester.' ... 2. To commence, as a tone, on an unaccented part of a measure, and continue it into the following accented part, so that the accent is driven back upon the weak part and the rhythm drags. ... Origin: LL. Synco …

syncope
<clinical sign> A temporary suspension of consciousness due to generalised cerebral ischaemia, a faint or swoon. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

syncope, vasovagal
A transient vascular and neurogenic reaction marked by pallor, nausea, sweating, bradycardia, and rapid fall in arterial blood pressure which, when below a critical level, results in loss of consciousness and characteristic electroencephalographic changes. It is most often evoked by emotional stress associated with fear or pain. It is also called v …

syncopic
Synonym for syncopal ... Relating to syncope. ... Synonym: syncopic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncretio
Development of adhesion between inflamed opposing surfaces. ... Origin: Mod. L., fr. G. Synkretizo, to unite the Cretan cities, reanalyzed as fr. Syn-+ L. Cresco, pp. Cretum, to grow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncretist
One who attempts to unite principles or parties which are irreconcilably at variance; specifically . ... An adherent of George Calixtus and other Germans of the seventeenth century, who sought to unite or reconcile the Protestant sects with each other and with the Roman Catholics, and thus occasioned a long and violent controversy in the Lutheran ch …

syncyanin
A blue pigment produced by Pseudomonas syncyanea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncytia
The pleural of syncytium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncytial
Relating to a syncytium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncytial bud
Synonym for syncytial knot ... A localised aggregation of syncytiotrophoblastic nuclei in the villi of the placenta during early pregnancy. ... Synonym: syncytial bud, syncytial sprout. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncytial knot
A localised aggregation of syncytiotrophoblastic nuclei in the villi of the placenta during early pregnancy. ... Synonym: syncytial bud, syncytial sprout. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncytial sprout
Synonym for syncytial knot ... A localised aggregation of syncytiotrophoblastic nuclei in the villi of the placenta during early pregnancy. ... Synonym: syncytial bud, syncytial sprout. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncytial trophoblast
Synonym for syncytiotrophoblast ... The syncytial outer layer of the trophoblast; site of synthesis of human chorionic gonadotropin. ... See: trophoblast. ... Synonym: placental plasmodium, plasmodial trophoblast, plasmodiotrophoblast, syncytial trophoblast, syntrophoblast. ... Origin: syncytium + trophoblast ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncytiotrophoblast
The syncytial outer layer of the trophoblast; site of synthesis of human chorionic gonadotropin. ... See: trophoblast. ... Synonym: placental plasmodium, plasmodial trophoblast, plasmodiotrophoblast, syncytial trophoblast, syntrophoblast. ... Origin: syncytium + trophoblast ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syncytium
<pathology> An epithelium or tissue in which there is cytoplasmic continuity between the constituent cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

syndactylism
Synonym for syndactyly ... <clinical sign, embryology> Webbing between the digits of the hands or feet. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...