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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

switching site
The break point in a DNA sequence at which a gene segment unites with another gene segment, as in the production of the immunoglobulins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

swivel
1. <mechanics> A piece, as a ring or hook, attached to another piece by a pin, in such a manner as to permit rotation about the pin as an axis. ... 2. A small piece of ordnance, turning on a point or swivel; called also swivel gun. Swivel bridge, a kind of drawbridge that turns round on a vertical axis; a swing bridge. Swivel hook, a hook conn …

swollen belly disease
A fatal disease of infants infected with Strongyloides fuelleborni subsp. Kellyi; appears in localised areas of New Guinea. ... Synonym: swollen belly syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

swollen belly syndrome
Synonym for swollen belly disease ... A fatal disease of infants infected with Strongyloides fuelleborni subsp. Kellyi; appears in localised areas of New Guinea. ... Synonym: swollen belly syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

swollen gland
<clinical sign> Swelling of the lymph nodes. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

swollen head syndrome
<syndrome> A disease of chickens caused by the turkey rhinotracheitis virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sword
1. An offensive weapon, having a long and usually sharppointed blade with a cutting edge or edges. It is the general term, including the small sword, rapier, saber, scimiter, and many other varieties. ... 2. Hence, the emblem of judicial vengeance or punishment, or of authority and power. 'He [the ruler] beareth not the sword in vain.' (Rom. Xiii. 4 …

swordfish
1. <zoology> A very large oceanic fish (Xiphias gladius), the only representative of the family Xiphiidae. It is highly valued as a food fish. The bones of the upper jaw are consolidated, and form a long, rigid, swordlike beak; the dorsal fin is high and without distinct spines; the ventral fins are absent. The adult is destitute of teeth. It …

swordfish test
A rarely used test for androgenic activity, based upon the fact that androgens cause the development of the sword, a male structure, in female swordfish (Xiphophorus helleri) ... Synonym: Xiphophorus test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Swyer
Paul R., U.S. Paediatrician, *1921. ... See: Swyer-James syndrome, Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

swyer-james syndrome
<radiology> Unilateral hyperlucent lung, Macleod syndrome, may be bilateral, hyperlucency and air-trapping, decreased pulmonary arteries, paucity of bronchial subdivisions with or without proximal bronchiectasis, history of early and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, possibly secondary to obliterative bronchitis/bronchiolitis (ade …

Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome
Synonym for swyer-james syndrome ... <radiology> Unilateral hyperlucent lung, Macleod syndrome, may be bilateral, hyperlucency and air-trapping, decreased pulmonary arteries, paucity of bronchial subdivisions with or without proximal bronchiectasis, history of early and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, possibly secondary to oblite …

sycamore
<botany> A large tree (Ficus Sycomorus) allied to the common fig. It is found in Egypt and Syria, and is the sycamore, or sycamine, of Scripture. ... The American plane tree, or buttonwood. ... A large European species of maple (Acer Pseudo-Platanus). [Written sometimes sycomore. ... Origin: L. Sycomorus, Gr. The fig mulberry; a fig + the black …

sycoma
1. A pendulous figlike growth. ... 2. A large soft wart. ... Origin: G. Sykoma, fr. Sykon, fig, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syconium
<botany> A multiple fruit with a hollow centre, such as a fig. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

sycosiform
Resembling sycosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sycosis frambesiformis
Synonym for acne keloid ... A type of acneiform disorder in which secondary pyogenic infection in and around pilosebaceous structures ends in keloidal scarring. It manifests as persistent folliculitis of the back of the neck associated with occlusion of the follicular orifices. It is most often encountered in black or asian men. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Sydenham
Thomas, English physician, 1624-1689. ... See: Sydenham's chorea, Sydenham's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sydenham's chorea
A postinfectious chorea appearing several months after a streptococcal infection with subsequent rheumatic fever. The chorea typically involves the distal limbs and is associated with hypotonia and emotional lability. Improvement occurs over weeks or months and exacerbations occur without associated infection recurrence. ... Synonym: acute chorea, c …

Sydenham's disease
Synonym for Sydenham's chorea ... A postinfectious chorea appearing several months after a streptococcal infection with subsequent rheumatic fever. The chorea typically involves the distal limbs and is associated with hypotonia and emotional lability. Improvement occurs over weeks or months and exacerbations occur without associated infection recurr …

Sydney crease
A variation of the proximal transverse palmar flexion crease that reaches the ulnar side of the palm; associated with acute lymphocytic anaemia in early childhood, rubella embryopathy, and Down's syndrome. ... Synonym: Sydney line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sydney line
Synonym for Sydney crease ... A variation of the proximal transverse palmar flexion crease that reaches the ulnar side of the palm; associated with acute lymphocytic anaemia in early childhood, rubella embryopathy, and Down's syndrome. ... Synonym: Sydney line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syenite
<chemical> Orig, a rock composed of quartz, hornblende, and feldspar, anciently quarried at Syene, in Upper Egypt, and now called granite. ... A granular, crystalline, ingeous rock composed of orthoclase and hornblende, the latter often replaced or accompanied by pyroxene or mica. Syenite sometimes contains nephelite (elaeolite) or leucite, an …

syllabic speech
Synonym for staccato speech ... An abrupt utterance, each syllable being enunciated separately; noted especially in multiple sclerosis. ... Synonym: syllabic speech. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syllable-stumbling
A form of stuttering in which the patient halts before certain syllables that he finds difficult to enunciate. ... Synonym: dyssyllabia. ... Origin: L. Syllabe, several letters or sounds taken together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syllidian
<zoology> Any one of numerous species of marine annelids of the family Syllidae. ... Many of the species are phosphorescent; others are remarkable for undergoing strobilation or fission and for their polymorphism. The egg, in such species, develops into an asexual individual. When mature, a number of its posterior segments gradually develop in …

sylph
1. An imaginary being inhabiting the air; a fairy. ... 2. A slender, graceful woman. ... 3. <ornithology> Any one of several species of very brilliant South American humming birds, having a very long and deeply-forked tail; as, the blue-tailed sylph (Cynanthus cyanurus). ... Origin: F. Sylphe, m, fr. Gr. A kind of grub, beetle, or moth; so calle …

sylvan
1. Of or pertaining to a sylva; forestlike; hence, rural; rustic. 'The traditional memory of a rural and a sylvan region . . . Is usually exact as well as tenacious.' (De Quincey) ... 2. Abounding in forests or in trees; woody. ... See: Silvan. ... A fabled deity of the wood; a satyr; a faun; sometimes, a rustic. 'Her private orchards, walled on every …

sylvanite
<chemical> A mineral, a telluride of gold and silver, of a steel-gray, silver-white, or brass-yellow colour. It often occurs in implanted crystals resembling written characters, and hence is called graphic tellurium. ... Alternative forms: silvanite. ... Origin: So called from Transylvania, where it was first found. ... Source: Websters Dictiona …

sylvatic
Occurring in or affecting wild animals. ... Origin: L. Silva, woods ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sylvatic plague
Plague that is spread by ground squirrels and other wild rodents, for example, in the western portion of the united states. Sylvatic means pertaining to the woods (sylvan). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Sylvest
Ejnar, Norwegian physician, 1880-1931. ... See: Sylvest's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sylvest's disease
Synonym for epidemic pleurodynia ... An acute infectious disease usually occurring in epidemic form, characterised by paroxysms of pain, usually in the chest, and associated with strains of Enterovirus coxsackievirus type B. ... Synonym: benign dry pleurisy, Bornholm disease, Daae's disease, devil's grip, diaphragmatic pleurisy, epidemic benign dry p …

sylvian
Relating to Franciscus or Jacobus Sylvius or to any of the structures described by either of them. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sylvian angle
The angle formed by the sylvian line and a line perpendicular to the horizontal plane tangential to the highest point of the hemisphere. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sylvian aqueduct
Aqueduct of vestibule, a bony canal running from the vestibule and opening on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, giving passage to the endolymphatic duct and a small vein. ... Synonym: aqueductus cotunnii, aqueductus vestibuli, Cotunnius' aqueduct, Cotunnius' canal, cerebral aqueduct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sylvian cistern
The subarachnoid space associated with the lateral cerebral sulcus (Sylvian fissure); contains the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery and the origin of lenticulostriate arteries, and proximal parts of the middle cerebral artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sylvian fissure
Synonym for lateral cerebral sulcus ... The deepest and most prominent of the cortical fissures, extending from the anterior perforated substance first laterally at the deep incisure between the frontal and temporal lobes, then back and slightly upward over the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, with the superior temporal gyrus as its lower …

sylvian line
The line of the posterior limb of the lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure) of the cerebral cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sylvian point
The nearest point on the skull to the lateral (sylvian) fissure, about 30 mm behind the zygomatic process of the frontal bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sylvian valve
Synonym for valve of inferior vena cava ... An endocardial fold extending from the anterior inferior margin of the inferior vena cava to the anterior part of the limbus fossa ovalis. ... Synonym: valvula venae cavae inferioris, caval valve, eustachian valve, sylvian valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sylvian ventricle
Synonym for cavity of septum pellucidum ... A slitlike, fluid-filled space of variable width between the left and right transparent septum, which occurs in less than 10% of human brains and may communicate with the third ventricle. ... Synonym: cavum septi pellucidi, Duncan's ventricle, fifth ventricle, pseudocele, pseudoventricle, sylvian ventricle, …

Sylvius, Jacques
<person> French anatomist, 1478-1555. ... See: caro quadrata sylvii, os sylvii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sylvius, Le Boe Francois
<person> Dutch physician, anatomist, and physiologist, 1614-1672. ... See: sylvian angle, sylvian aqueduct, sylvian fissure, sylvian line, sylvian point, sylvian valve, sylvian ventricle, fossa of Sylvius, vallecula sylvii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symballophone
A stethoscope having two chest pieces, designed to lateralise sound and produce a stereophonic effect. ... Origin: G. Symballo, to throw together, + phone, sound ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symbion
Symbiont ... An organism associated with another in symbiosis. ... Synonym: mutualist, symbiote. ... Origin: G. Symbion, neut. Of symbios, living together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symbiont
<biology> One of the partners in a symbiotic relationship. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

symbiosis
<biology> A type of organism-organism interaction where one organism lives in intimate association with another. ... The types of symbiotic relationships are mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, and amensalism. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

symbiote
Synonym for symbion ... Symbiont ... An organism associated with another in symbiosis. ... Synonym: mutualist, symbiote. ... Origin: G. Symbion, neut. Of symbios, living together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symbiotic
Relating to symbiosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symbiotic algae
<plant biology> Algae (often Chlorella spp) that live intracellularly in animal cells (e.g. Endoderm of Hydra viridis). ... The relationship is complex, because lysosomes do not fuse with the vacuoles containing the algae and the growth rates of both cells are regulated to maintain the symbiosis. There is considerable strain specificity. ... Th …

symbiotic fermentation phenomenon
two organisms, neither of which alone produces gas fermentation in certain carbohydrates, may do so when living in symbiosis or when artificially mixed (Castellani). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symblepharon
Adhesion of one or both eyelids to the eyeball, partial or complete, resulting from burns or other trauma but rarely congenital. ... Synonym: atretoblepharia. ... Origin: sym-+ G. Blepharon, eyelid ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symblepharopterygium
An obsolete term for adhesion of the eyelid to the eyeball. ... Origin: symblepharon + pterygium ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symbol
1. A visible sign or representation of an idea; anything which suggests an idea or quality, or another thing, as by resemblance or by convention; an emblem; a representation; a type; a figure; as, the lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb is the symbol of meekness or patience. 'A symbol is a sign included in the idea which it represents, e.g, an …

symbolia
The capability of recognizing the form and nature of an object by touch. ... Origin: G. Symbolon, a mark or sign ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symbolism
1. The act of symbolizing, or the state of being symbolized; as, symbolism in Christian art is the representation of truth, virtues, vices, etc, by emblematic colours, signs, and forms. ... 2. A system of symbols or representations. ... 3. <chemistry> The practice of using symbols, or the system of notation developed thereby. A combining togeth …

symbolization
An unconscious mental mechanism whereby one object or idea is represented by another. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symbrachydactyly
Condition in which abnormally short fingers are joined or webbed in their proximal portions. ... Origin: sym-+ G. Brachys, short, + daktylos, finger ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Syme, James
<person> Scottish surgeon, 1799-1870. ... See: Syme's amputation, Syme's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Syme's amputation
Amputation of the foot at the ankle joint, the malleoli being sawed off, and a flap being made with the soft parts of the heel. ... Synonym: Syme's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Syme's operation
Synonym for Syme's amputation ... Amputation of the foot at the ankle joint, the malleoli being sawed off, and a flap being made with the soft parts of the heel. ... Synonym: Syme's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Symington's anococcygeal body
Synonym for anococcygeal ligament ... <anatomy> A musculofibrous band that passes between the anus and the coccyx. ... Synonym: ligamentum anococcygeum, anococcygeal body, raphe anococcygea, Symington's anococcygeal body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symmelia
Synonym: sirenomelia. ... Origin: sym-+ G. Melos, limb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Symmers, Douglas
<person> U.S. Pathologist, 1879-1952. ... See: Brill-Symmers disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Symmers, W
<person> British pathologist, 1863-1937. ... See: Symmers' clay pipestem fibrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Symmers' fibrosis
Synonym for pipestem fibrosis ... A characteristic pipe-shaped fibrosis formed around hepatic portal veins in some cases of long-continued heavy infection with Schistosoma mansoni; thought to be induced by the presence of large numbers of schistosome eggs in the hepatic tissues. ... Synonym: Symmers' clay pipestem fibrosis, Symmers' fibrosis. ... (05 …

symmetric adenolipomatosis
Synonym for multiple symmetric lipomatosis ... Accumulation and progressive enlargement of collections of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous tissue of the head, neck, upper trunk, and upper portions of the upper extremities; seen primarily in adult males and of unknown cause. ... Synonym: Launois-Bensaude syndrome, Madelung's disease, symmetric adeno …

symmetric asphyxia
Synonym for Raynaud's syndrome ... <syndrome> Idiopathic paroxysmal bilateral cyanosis of the digits due to arterial and arteriolar contraction; caused by cold or emotion. ... See: Raynaud's phenomenon. ... Synonym: Raynaud's disease, symmetric asphyxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symmetric distal neuropathy
Synonym for polyneuropathy ... <neurology> A disease process involving a number of peripheral nerves. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (14 Oct 1997) ...

symmetric disulfide
Disulfide that is symmetric on both sides of the -s-s- linkage; i.e., disulfide formed from identical thiol-containing compounds; e.g., cystine, glutathione disulfide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symmetrical
1. Involving or exhibiting symmetry; proportional in parts; having its parts in due proportion as to dimensions; as, a symmetrical body or building. ... 2. <biology> Having the organs or parts of one side correspponding with those of the other; having the parts in two or more series of organs the same in number; exhibiting a symmetry.See Symme …

symmetrical gangrene
Gangrene affecting the extremities of both sides of the body; it is seen particularly in severe arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and ball-valve thrombus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

symmetry
1. A due proportion of the several parts of a body to each other; adaptation of the form or dimensions of the several parts of a thing to each other; the union and conformity of the members of a work to the whole. ... 2. <biology> The law of likeness; similarity of structure; regularity in form and arrangement; orderly and similar distribution …

symmetry axis
<radiobiology> The straight line (usually vertical) through the centre of a configuration, when the configuration is symmetric to all (axisymmetric, like the tokamak) or some (periodic, like the stellarator) rotations about this line. Usually the z-axis. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

sympath-
Sympatheto-sympathico-sympatho- ... The sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. ... Origin: see sympathetic ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sympathectomy
<procedure, surgery> Excision of a sympathetic nerve. Occasionally used for the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

sympathectomy, chemical
Sympathectomy using chemicals (e.g., 6-hydroxydopamine or guanethidine) which selectively and reversibly destroy adrenergic nerve endings while leaving cholinergic nerve endings intact. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sympathetectomy
Synonym for sympathectomy ... <procedure, surgery> Excision of a sympathetic nerve. Occasionally used for the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

sympathetic
1. <psychology> Pertaining to, caused by or exhibiting sympathy. ... 2. <physiology> A sympathetic nerve or the sympathetic nervous system. ... Origin: Gr. Sympathetikos ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

sympathetic agent
Synonym for sympathomimetic amine ... An agent that evokes responses similar to those produced by adrenergic nerve activity (e.g., epinephrine, ephedrine, isoproterenol). ... Synonym: adrenergic amine, adrenomimetic amine, sympathetic amine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sympathetic amine
Synonym for sympathomimetic amine ... An agent that evokes responses similar to those produced by adrenergic nerve activity (e.g., epinephrine, ephedrine, isoproterenol). ... Synonym: adrenergic amine, adrenomimetic amine, sympathetic amine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sympathetic blockade
Interruption of transmission in sympathetic ganglia or conduction of impulses in pre-or postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sympathetic denervation
<procedure, surgery> Removal of the sympathetic nervous systems influence in one area of the body. This may be accomplished with drugs or surgery. ... A treatment for reflex sympathetic dystrophy. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

sympathetic fibres, postganglionic
Nerve fibres which project from sympathetic ganglia to synapses on target organs. Sympathetic postganglionic fibres use norepinephrine as transmitter, except for those innervating eccrine sweat glands (and possibly some blood vessels) which use acetylcholine. They may also release peptide cotransmitters. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sympathetic formative cell
A neuroblast of the embryonic autonomic nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sympathetic ganglia
Those ganglia of the autonomic nervous system that receive efferent fibres originating from preganglionic visceral motor neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of thoracic and upper lumbar spinal segments (T1-L2). On the basis of their location, the sympathetic ganglia can be classified as paravertebral ganglia (ganglia trunci sympathici) and …

sympathetic heterochromia
Heterochromia iridis occurring after lesions of the cervical sympathetic nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sympathetic hypertonia
Overfunction of the sympathetic nervous system, often experienced as anxiety. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sympathetic imbalance
Synonym for vagotonia ... Hyperexcitability of the vagus nerve, a condition in which the vagus nerve dominates in the general functioning of the body organs. It is marked by vasomotor instability, constipation, sweating and involuntary motor spasms with pain. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

sympathetic iridoplegia
Iridoplegia due to the paralysis of the sympathetically innervated dilator pupillae muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sympathetic iritis
Iritis consecutive to a similar condition in the other eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sympathetic nerve
<anatomy, nerve> One of the nerve's of the sympathetic nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sympathetic nervous system
<anatomy, physiology> One of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). ... The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and …

sympathetic ophthalmia
A serous or plastic uveitis caused by a perforating wound of the uvea followed by a similar severe reaction in the other eye that may lead to bilateral blindness. ... Synonym: transferred ophthalmia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sympathetic part
Synonym for sympathetic nervous system ... <anatomy, physiology> One of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). ... The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain o …

sympathetic plexuses
Autonomic plexuses, in which postsynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres are predominant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sympathetic reflex dystrophy
Synonym for reflex sympathetic dystrophy ... A syndrome of pain and tenderness, usually to a hand or foot, associated with vasomotor instability, skin changes and rapid development of bony demineralisation (osteoporosis). Frequently will follow a localised trauma, stroke or peripheral nerve injury. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

sympathetic saliva
Submaxillary saliva obtained by stimulation of the sympathetic fibres innervating the gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sympathetic segment
A divison of the sympathetic trunks based on the origins of the gray communicating branches. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...