Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

systematic desensitization
A type of behaviour therapy for eliminating phobias or anxieties: the patient and therapist construct a list of imagined scenes eliciting the phobia, ranked from least to most anxiety-producing; the patient then is trained in deep muscle relaxation, and is repeatedly asked to imagine himself in the presence of the least anxiety-producing scene on t …

systematic name
As applied to chemical substances, a systematic name is composed of specially coined or selected words or syllables, each of which has a precisely defined chemical structural meaning, so that the structure may be derived from the name. Water (trivial name) is hydrogen oxide (systematic). The systematic name of histamine (a semisystematic name) is i …

systematical
1. Of or pertaining to system; consisting in system; methodical; formed with regular connection and adaptation or subordination of parts to each other, and to the design of the whole; as, a systematic arrangement of plants or animals; a systematic course of study. 'Now we deal much in essays, and unreasonably despise systematical learning; whereas …

systematised delusion
A delusion that is logically constructed from a false premise and embraces a specific sector of the patient's life. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systematised nevus
A developmental dysplasia of the skin; extensive, patterned, and usually unilateral. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systematization
The arrangement of ideas into orderly sequence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systematize
To reduce to system or regular method; to arrange methodically; to methodize; as, to systematize a collection of plants or minerals; to systematize one's work; to systematize one's ideas. 'Diseases were healed, and buildings erected, before medicine and architecture were systematized into arts.' (Harris) ... Origin: Cf. F. Systematiser. Cf. Systemiz …

Systeme International d'Unites
See: International System of Units. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systemic
<anatomy> Pertaining to or affecting the body as a whole. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

systemic anaphylaxis
Synonym for generalised anaphylaxis ... The immediate response, involving smooth muscles and capillaries throughout the body of a sensitised individual, that follows intravenous (and occasionally intracutaneous) injection of antigen (allergen). ... See: anaphylactic shock. ... Synonym: systemic anaphylaxis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systemic anatomy
Anatomy of the systems of the body; an approach to anatomical study organised by organ systems, e.g., the cardiovascular system, emphasizing an overview of the system throughout the body; distinguished from regional anatomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systemic autoimmune diseases
A group of connective tissue disease's characterised by the presence of autoantibodies responsible for immunopathologically mediated tissue lesions; systemic lupus erythematosus is the prototype. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systemic blastomycosis
Infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis extending beyond the skin or the lung, the usual portals of entry; involvement of bone and genitourinary tract (especially. Prostate and epididymis) are most frequent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systemic chondromalacia
Synonym for relapsing polychondritis ... A degenerative disease of cartilage producing a bizarre form of arthritis, with collapse of the ears, the cartilaginous portion of the nose, and the tracheobronchial tree; death may occur from chronic infection or suffocation because of loss of stability in the tracheobronchial tree of autosomal origin. ... Sy …

systemic circulation
The circulation of blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the general system, from the left ventricle to the right atrium. ... Synonym: greater circulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systemic febrile diseases
Generic term for diseases characterised by fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systemic heart
The left atrium and ventricle, receiving the aerated blood from the lungs and propelling it throughout the body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systemic hyalinosis
Synonym for juvenile hyalin fibromatosis ... A rare recessively inherited deforming disorder of head, neck, and generalised cutaneous nodules or tumours in children with normal mentality; the lesions consist of fibroblasts separated by an eosinophilic hyalin stroma composed mostly of glycosaminoglycans. ... Synonym: systemic hyalinosis. ... (05 Mar 20 …

systemic lupus erythematosus
<immunology, nephrology, rheumatology> A disease of humans, probably autoimmune with antinuclear and other antibodies in plasma. ... Immune complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries is a particular problem. ... Acronym: SLE ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

systemic mastocytosis
Synonym for diffuse mastocytosis ... Infiltration of many organ systems by mast cells with varied clinical manifestations that can include fever, weight loss, flushing, bronchospasm, rhinorrhoea, palpitations, dyspnea, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal bleeding, and hypotension. ... Synonym: systemic mastocytosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systemic myelitis
Inflammation confined to special tracts of the spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systemic poisoning
Synonym for toxicosis ... Any disease of toxic origin. ... Synonym: systemic poisoning. ... Origin: toxico-+ G. -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systemic sclerosis
<rheumatology> A multisystem disorder of unknown aetiology. It is characterised by fibrosis (scarring) of the skin, blood vessels and internal organs. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidneys and lungs is common. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

systemic therapy
<pharmacology> Treatment that reaches and affects cells all over the body. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

systemic vascular resistance
An index of arteriolar compliance or constriction throughout the body; equal to the blood pressure divided by the cardiac output. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systemic venous hypertension
Increased pressure in the veins ultimately leading to the right atrium nearly always due to disease of the right heart but occasionally due to blockade of one or both venae cavae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systemoid
Resembling a system; denoting a tumour of complex structure resembling an organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systems analysis
The analysis of an activity, procedure, method, technique, or business to determine what must be accomplished and how the necessary operations may best be accomplished. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

systems integration
The procedures involved in combining separately developed modules, components, or subsystems so that they work together as a complete system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

systems theory
Principles, models, and laws that apply to complex interrelationships and interdependencies of sets of linked components which form a functioning whole, a system. Any system may be composed of components which are systems in their own right (sub-systems), such as several organs within an individual organism. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

systole
<physiology> The time at which ventricular contraction occurs. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

systole alternans
Synonym for hemisystole ... <physiology> Contraction of only one ventricle of the heart. ... Hemisystole is noticed in rare cases of insufficiency of the mitral valve, in which both ventricles at times contract simultaneously, as in a normal heart, this condition alternating with contraction of the right ventricle alone; hence, intermittent hem …

systolic
<physiology> Indicating the maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

systolic blood pressure
<cardiology, physiology> The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries during the contraction phase of the heart. Considered abnormally elevated if consistently over 150 mmHg. Systolic blood pressure varies with age, sex, size and relative condition. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

systolic bruit
Any abnormal sound or any murmur heard during systole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systolic gallop rhythm
An obsolete term for extra sounds, usually clicks, heard during systole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systolic gradient
The difference in pressure during systole between two communicating cardiovascular chambers, e.g., between the left ventricle and aorta in aortic stenosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systolic murmur
<clinical sign> A sound that is produced by the turbulent flow of blood during the phase of ventricular contraction. The finding of a systolic murmur on physical examination can suggest a heart valve abnormality (for example aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, etc.). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

systolic pressure
<cardiology, physiology> The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries during the contraction phase of the heart. Considered abnormally elevated if consistently over 150 mmHg. Systolic blood pressure varies with age, sex, size and relative condition. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

systolic shock
The abnormally palpable impact, appreciated by a hand on the chest wall, of an accentuated first heart sound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systolic thrill
A thrill felt over the precordium or over a blood vessel during ventricular systole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systolic time intervals
See: electromechanical systole, left ventricular ejection time, preejection period. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systolic whoop
systolic honk ...

systolic-diastolic ratio
A calculation from pulsed Doppler ultrasound determinations of blood flow velocities that reflects intrinsic resistance in an arterial blood vessel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systolometer
1. An apparatus for determining the force of the cardiac contraction. ... 2. An instrument for analyzing the sounds of the heart. ... Origin: systole + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

systremma
A muscular cramp in the calf of the leg, the contracted muscles forming a hard ball. ... Origin: G. Anything twisted ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syzygial
Relating to syzygy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syzygiology
The study of interrelationships, or interdependencies, especially of the whole, as opposed to the study of separate parts or isolated functions. ... Origin: G. Syzygios, yoked (see syzygy), + logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

syzygium
Synonym for syzygy ... Origin: L. Syzygia a joining together, conjunction, Gr.; with + to join, yoke: cf. F. Syzygie. See Yoke. ... 1. <astronomy> The point of an orbit, as of the moon or a planet, at which it is in conjunction or opposition; commonly used in the plural. ... 2. The coupling together of different feet; as, in Greek verse, an iamb …

syzygy
Origin: L. Syzygia a joining together, conjunction, Gr.; with + to join, yoke: cf. F. Syzygie. See Yoke. ... 1. <astronomy> The point of an orbit, as of the moon or a planet, at which it is in conjunction or opposition; commonly used in the plural. ... 2. The coupling together of different feet; as, in Greek verse, an iambic syzygy. ... 3. <z …

szondi test
A projective test using pictures of several kinds of psychiatric patients, from which the subject selects two pictures he likes most and two he likes least from six sets of pictures. The distribution of selected cards is interpreted in terms of which type of patients the subject identifies with and which traits he rejects. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

T agglutinogen
An agglutinogen formed from a latent receptor on human red cells by the action of an enzyme in cultures of certain bacteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T antigen
<molecular biology> Proteins coded by viral genes that are expressed early in the replication cycle of papovaviruses such as SV40 and polyoma. Essential for normal viral replication, they are also expressed in nonpermissive cells transformed by these viruses. ... Originally detected as Tumour antigens by immunofluorescence with antisera from t …

T antigens
Tumour antigens associated wtih replication and transformation by certain DNA tumour viruses, including adenoviruses and papovaviruses. ... See: beta-haemolytic streptococci, tumour antigens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T cytotoxic cells
Synonym for killer cells ... Lymphocyte-like effector cells which mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. They kill antibody-coated target cells which they bind with their fc receptors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

t distribution
The distribution of the quotient of independent random variables, the numerator of which is a standardised normal variate and the denominator the positive square root of the quotient of a chi-square distributed variate and its number of degrees of freedom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T enzyme
1,4-alpha-d-glucan 6-alpha-d-glucosyltransferase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T even phage
<microbiology> A group of dsDNA bacteriophages of enterobacteria including T2, T4, T6 as opposed to T odd phage (T1, 3, 5 and 7) ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

T fibre
A fibre that branches at right angles to the right and left; term used to describe the branching patterns of granular cell axons in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T group
<abbreviation> Training group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T helper cell
<haematology, immunology> A subset of lymphocytes that secrete various cytokines that regulate the immune response. ... They are T lymphocytes specifically involved in the differentiation of B lymphocytes into antibody secreting cells. Loss of T helper cells, is seen in patients with HIV infection, and this produces immunosuppression. ... macro …

T loop of RNA
<molecular biology> The T loop of tRNA is the region of the molecule that is responsible for ribosome recognition. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

T myelotomy
<procedure> Midline myelotomy with lateral cuts into the anterior horns. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T suppressor cell
<haematology, immunology> Set of T lymphocytes (usually CD8) specifically involved in suppressing B-cell differentiation into antibody secreting cells. There may also be T suppresors of T-cell functions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

T system
The transverse tubules that are continuous with the sarcolemma in skeletal and cardiac muscle fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

t test
A test that uses a statistic which under the null hypothesis has the t distribution, to test whether two means differ significantly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T tube
A self-retaining tube with side extensions, shaped like a tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T tubule
<cell biology> Invagination of the plasma membrane (sarcolemma) of striated muscle that lies between two tubular portions of the endoplasmic (sarcoplasmic) reticulum to form a triad of membrane profiles adjacent to the A band/I band junction in some cases, in other cases to the Z disc, of the resting sarcomere. Depolarisation of the T tubule …

T wave
The next deflection in the electrocardiogram following the QRS complex; represents ventricular repolarization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T-bandage
t-binder ...

t-butoxycarbonyl
(CH3)3COCO-;an amino-protecting group used in peptide synthesis. ... Synonym: tert-butyloxycarbonyl. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T-cell
<haematology, immunology> A class of lymphocytes, so called because they are derived from the thymus and have been through thymic processing. Involved primarily in controlling cell-mediated immune reactions and in the control of B-cell development. The T-cells coordinate the immune system by secreting lymphokine hormones. ... There are 3 funda …

T-cell antigen receptors
Receptors present on T-cells that interact with both processed antigen and major histocompatibility antigens simultaneously. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T-cell growth factor
Synonym for interleukin-2 ... <cytokine> A hormone-like substance released by stimulated T lymphocytes, causes activation and differentiation of other T lymphocytes independently of antigen. ... A type of interleukin, a chemical messenger, a substance that can improve the body's response to disease. It stimulates the growth of certain disease-f …

T-cell growth factor-1
Synonym for interleukin-2 ... <cytokine> A hormone-like substance released by stimulated T lymphocytes, causes activation and differentiation of other T lymphocytes independently of antigen. ... A type of interleukin, a chemical messenger, a substance that can improve the body's response to disease. It stimulates the growth of certain disease-f …

T-cell growth factor-2
Synonym for interleukin-4 ... <cytokine> A soluble cytokine factor produced by activated T-lymphocytes that promotes antibody production by causing proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. ... Interleukin-4 induces the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex and fc receptors on B-cells. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, mast c …

T-cell leukaemia virus
Synonym for HTLV ... human T-lymphotropic virus ...

T-cell lymphoma
A cancer of the immune system that appears in the skin; also called mycosis fungoides. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase
<enzyme> Contains a single ptp domain and possesses a c-terminal region that may play a role in enzymatic regulation and/or targeting to discrete intracellular sites; amino acid sequence known ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... Synonym: tc-ptp ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

T-cell receptor
<immunology> The antigen recognising receptor on the surface of T-cells. Heterodimeric (disulphide linked), one of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins, binds antigen in association with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), leading to the activation of the cell. ... There are two subunits (_ and _, 42-44 kD in mouse, 50-40 kD in h …

T-cell-rich, B-cell lymphoma
<tumour> A B-cell lymphoma in which more than 90% of the cells are of T-cell origin, masking the large cells that form the neoplastic B-cell component. ... See: adult T-cell lymphoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T-dependent antigen
An antigen that requires T helper cells in addition to appropriate B-cells. Most antigens are T-dependent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T-E fistula
Synonym for tracheoesophageal fistula ... A congenital anomaly where the upper oesophagus ends (atresia) and does not connect with the stomach and the lower oesophagus connects to the trachea (tracheoesophageal fistula). A common complication seen shortly after birth is an aspiration pneumonia. Infants will demonstrate excessive salivation, gagging …

T-lymphocyte
<haematology, immunology> A class of lymphocytes, derived from the thymus gland. They originate from lymphoid stem cells that migrate from the bone marrow to the thymus and differentiate under the influence of the thymic hormones. Various subpopulations have been described. ... They help to control cell-mediated immunity and the control of B-c …

t-lymphocyte subsets
A classification of T-lymphocytes, especially into helper/inducer, suppressor/effector, and cytotoxic subsets, based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

T-lymphocytes, cytotoxic
Immunised T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (mlc), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (gvh) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumour cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon …

T-lymphocytes, helper-inducer
Subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes that cooperate with other lymphocytes (either t or b) to initiate a variety of immune functions. For example, helper-inducer T-cells cooperate with B-cells to produce antibodies to thymus-dependent antigens and with other subpopulations of T-cells to initiate a variety of cell-mediated immune functions. ... (12 Dec …

T-lymphocytes, suppressor-effector
Subpopulation of CD8+ T-lymphocytes which suppress antibody production or inhibit cellular immune responses. Suppressor-effector cells execute the message received from suppressor-inducer cells (T-lymphocytes, suppressor-inducer). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

T-lymphocytes, suppressor-inducer
Subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes which induce CD8+ suppressor T-cells (T-lymphocytes, suppressor-effector) to suppress antibody production by B-cells. They also stimulate other cellular immune responses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

T-mycoplasma
Synonym for ureaplasma ... A microorganism that can infect peoples' bladders, ureaplasmas are similar to mycoplasmas. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

t-phages
A series of 7 virulent phages which infect e. Coli. The t-even phages t2, t4 (bacteriophage t4), and t6, and the phage t5 are called 'autonomously virulent' because they cause cessation of all bacterial metabolism on infection. Phages t1, t3 (bacteriophage t3), and t7 (bacteriophage t7) are called 'dependent virulent' because they depend on continu …

t-suppressor cell
A type of immune cells, also called t8 cells, these cells close down the immune response after it has destroyed invading organisms. T8 cells are sensitive to high concentrations of circulating lymphokine hormones and release their own lymphokines after an immune response has achieved its goal, signalling all other participants to cease their attack …

T1
In magnetic resonance, the time for 63% of longitudinal relaxation to occur; the value is a function of magnetic field strength and the chemical environment of the hydrogen nucleus; for protons in fat and in water, in a 1.5T magnet, about 250 msec and 3000 msec respectively. A T1-weighted image will have a bright fat signal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T2
In magnetic resonance, the time for 63% of transverse relaxation to occur; the value is a function of magnetic field strength and the chemical environment of the hydrogen nucleus; for protons in fat and in water, in a 1.5T magnet, about 60 msec and 250 msec respectively. A T2-weighted image will have a bright water signal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

t3
Synonym for triiodothyronine ... <endocrinology, hormone> One of two main hormones produced by the thyroid gland. ... Free triiodothyronine is that not bound by thyroid binding globulin in the plasma and the levels are are high in hyperthyroidism, nephrotic syndrome and renal failure and low in acute hepatitis, hypothyroidism and pregnancy. ... …

T3 uptake test
Synonym for triiodothyronine uptake test ... A test of thyroid function in which triiodothyronine (T3) is added to a patient's serum in vitro to measure the relative affinities of serum proteins and of an added competitive substance for T3; higher T3 uptakes are associated with hyperthyroidism. ... Synonym: T3 uptake test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

T4
Thyroxine, a thyroid hormone. (The number 4 is usually in subscript.) thyroid hormones are essential for the function of every cell in the body. They help regulate growth and the rate of chemical reactions (metabolism) in the body. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

t4 cell
Synonym for CD4 cell ... T helper cells which are targets for HIV infection. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

t4 helper lymphocyte
A specific type of lymphocyte, derived from the thymus gland, that plays an important role in cellular immunity. T4 lymphocytes (CD4 cells) are decreased (absolute counts less than 200) in patients with AIDS resulting in compromised immune function. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

T5 D15 exonuclease
<enzyme> Highly efficient 5'-3'-exonuclease which possesses additionally a tightly associated single-strand-specific endonuclease activity; used for the destruction of the partially polymerised species and ssdna present in a typical polymerization reaction ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...