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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

superior trunk of brachial plexus
The nerve bundle formed by the union of the ventral rami of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves and some fibres from the fourth; it contributes fibres to the posterior and lateral cords (fasciculi) of the brachial plexus. ... Synonym: truncus superior plexus brachialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superior turbinated bone
Synonym for superior nasal concha ... The upper thin, spongy, bony plate with curved margins, part of the ethmoidal labyrinth, projecting from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and separating the superior meatus from the sphenoethmoidal recess, the above bony plate and its thick mucoperiosteum, which is less vascular than that of the middle and i …

superior tympanic artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, middle meningeal; distribution, middle ear; anastomoses, other tympanic arteries. ... Synonym: arteria tympanica superior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superior ulnar collateral artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, brachial; distribution, elbow joint; anastomoses, posterior ulnar recurrent and inferior ulnar collateral, as part of the articular vascular network of the elbow. ... Synonym: arteria collateralis ulnaris superior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superior vein of vermis
A vein draining part of the superior part of the cerebellum; it runs on the superior surface of the vermis to terminate in the internal cerebral vein. ... Synonym: vena vermis superior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superior vena cava
<anatomy> The major venous channel draining the thorax and head which ends in the right atrium. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

superior vena cava obstruction
<cardiology, oncology> Blockage or narrowing of the superior vena cava, the major vein draining the upper body. ... May result from lymphoma, liver tumours, tuberculosis, histoplasmosis and aortic aneurysm. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

superior vena cava syndrome
<syndrome> A narrowing or obstruction of the superior vena cava. ... Symptoms include facial swelling, arm swelling, neck swelling, headache, dizziness, fainting and reddening of the face and palms. This may occur secondary to cancer or other inflammatory conditions (tuberculosis, histoplasmosis). ... See: superior vena cava obstruction ... (19 …

superior vesical artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, umbilical; distribution, bladder, urachus, ureter; anastomoses, other vesical branches. ... Synonym: arteria vesicalis superior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superior vestibular area
The area in the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus superior to the transverse crest through which the superior part of the vestibular nerve passes to reach the macula utriculus and the ampullae of the anterior and lateral semicircular ducts. ... Synonym: area vestibularis superior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superiority complex
Term sometimes given to the compensatory behaviour, e.g., aggressiveness, self-assertion, associated with inferiority complex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superlactation
The continuance of lactation beyond the normal period. ... Synonym: hyperlactation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superlative
1. Lifted up to the highest degree; most eminent; surpassing all other; supreme; as, superlative wisdom or prudence; a woman of superlative beauty; the superlative glory of the divine character. ... 2. Expressing the highest or lowest degree of the quality, manner, etc, denoted by an adjective or an adverb. The superlative degree is formed from the …

superligamen
A retentive dressing; a bandage retaining a surgical dressing in place. ... Origin: L. Ligamen, bandage ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supermedial
Above the middle of any part. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supernatant
<chemistry> The soluble liquid fraction of a sample after centrifugation or precipitation of insoluble solids. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

supernatant fluid
Clear fluid that, after the settling out of an insoluble liquid or solid by the action of normal gravity or of centrifugal force, takes up the upper portion of the contents of a vessel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supernatural
Being beyond, or exceeding, the power or laws of nature; miraculous. ... Synonym: Preternatural. ... Supernatural, Preternatural. Preternatural signifies beside nature, and supernatural, above or beyond nature. What is very greatly aside from the ordinary course of things is preternatural; what is above or beyond the established laws of the universe …

supernaturalism
1. The quality or state of being supernatural; supernaturalness. ... 2. The doctrine of a divine and supernatural agency in the production of the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in the grace which renews and sanctifies men, in opposition to the doctrine which denies the agency of any other than physical or natural causes in the c …

supernormal recovery phase
A brief period during the recovery of cardiac muscle following excitation when diseased muscle is more (i.e., less abnormally) excitable; corresponds to the end of the T wave in the ECG. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supernumerary
Beyond the normal number. Anything supernumerary is extra. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

supernumerary breast
A milk-secreting gland located elsewhere than at the normal place on the chest and existing in addition to the two usual mammae. ... Synonym: mamma accessoria, accessory breast, supernumerary mamma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supernumerary digit
An extra finger or toe. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

supernumerary kidney
A kidney, in addition to the two usually present, developed from the splitting of the nephrogenic blastema or from a separate metanephric blastema, into which a partial or complete reduplication of the ureteral stalk enters to form a separate, capsulated kidney; in some cases, the separation of the reduplicated organ is incomplete. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

supernumerary mamma
Synonym for supernumerary breast ... A milk-secreting gland located elsewhere than at the normal place on the chest and existing in addition to the two usual mammae. ... Synonym: mamma accessoria, accessory breast, supernumerary mamma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supernumerary nipple
An extra nipple. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

supernumerary organs
Organ's exceeding the normal number, which may develop from multiple foci of organization in an organ-formative field larger (originally) than that of the definitive main organ; such organ's are aberrant but frequently not a cause of disease; illness may persist if they are left in the body after therapeutic removal of the main organ, e.g., accesso …

supernumerary placenta
A succenturiate or accessory placenta. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

supernumerary teeth
<dentistry> Some people have extra teeth. These are called supernumerary teeth. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

supernutrition
Overeating leading to obesity. ... Synonym: hypernutrition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superolateral
at the side and above. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superolateral cerebral surface
Synonym for superolateral surface of cerebrum ... The aspect of the cerebral hemisphere that lies in contact with the flat bones of the skull; it includes parts of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. ... Synonym: facies superolateralis cerebri, cortical convexity, superolateral cerebral surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superolateral surface of cerebrum
The aspect of the cerebral hemisphere that lies in contact with the flat bones of the skull; it includes parts of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. ... Synonym: facies superolateralis cerebri, cortical convexity, superolateral cerebral surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superomedial margin
Synonym for margo superior cerebri ... The curved margin of the cerebral hemisphere at the junction of the superolateral and medial surfaces. ... Synonym: margo superomedialis, superomedial margin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superovulation
<gynaecology> The stimulation of multiple ovulation with fertility drugs. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

superoxide
<chemistry> Term used interchangeably for the superoxide anion or the weak acid HO2(.). ... Superoxide is generated both by prokaryotes and eukaryotes and is an important product of the metabolic burst of neutrophil leucocytes. A very active oxygen species, it can cause substantial damage and may be responsible for the inactivation of plasma a …

superoxide anion
<chemistry> A harmful derivative of oxygen capable of oxidative destruction of cell components. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

superoxide dismutase
<enzyme> Any of a range of metalloenzymes that catalyses the formation of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen from superoxide and thus protects against superoxide induced damage. ... Usually has either iron or manganese as the metal cation in prokaryotes, copper or zinc in eukaryotes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

superoxides
<chemical> Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of haemoglobin to methemoglobin. In living organisms, superoxide dismutase protects the cell from the deleterious effects o …

superparasite
A member of a large population of parasites living on a host, usually a parasitic hymenopteran larva in its insect host. ... See: parasitoid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superparasitism
1. Association between parasitic Hymenoptera and their insect hosts. ... 2. An excess of parasites of the same species in a host, overtaxing the defense mechanism to the degree that disease or death results, in contrast to multiple parasitism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superpetrosal
Above or at the upper part of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superphosphate
<chemistry> An acid phosphate. ... <chemistry> Superphosphate of lime, a fertiliser obtained by trating bone dust, bone black, or phosphorite with sulphuric acid, whereby the insoluble neutral calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2, is changed to the primary or acid calcium phosphate Ca(H2PO4)2, which is soluble and therefore available for the soi …

superpigmentation
Synonym for hyperpigmentation ... Darkening of the skin. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

supersaturate
To make a solution hold more of a salt or other substance in solution than it will dissolve when in equilibrium with that salt in the solid phase; such solutions are usually unstable with respect to precipitating the excess salt or substance and becoming saturated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supersaturated solution
A solution containing more of the solid than the liquid would ordinarily dissolve; it is made by heating the solvent when the substance is added, and on cooling the latter is retained without precipitation; addition of a crystal or solid of any kind usually results in precipitation of the excess solute, leaving a saturated solution. ... (05 Mar 2000 …

superscan
<radiology> Diffusely increased uptake on bone scan, metastases, prostate, breast, lymphoma, primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism, haematologic disorders ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

superscription
1. The act of superscribing. ... 2. That which is written or engraved on the surface, outside, or above something else; specifically, an address on a letter, envelope, or the like. 'The superscription of his accusation was written over, The King of the Jews.' (Mark xv. 26) ... 3. <pharmacology> That part of a prescription which contains the Lat …

supersonic
1. Pertaining to or characterised by a speed greater than the speed of sound. ... See: hypersonic. ... 2. Pertaining to sound vibrations of high frequency, above the level of human audibility. ... See: ultrasonic. ... Origin: super-+ L. Sonus, sound ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supersonic rays
Ray's with a wavelength higher than that perceptible to the human ear, above 20,000 Hz. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supersonic waves
See: supersonic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superstitions
A belief or practice which lacks adequate basis for proof; an embodiment of fear of the unknown, magic, and ignorance. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

superstructure
A structure above the surface. ... Implant denture superstructure, the denture which is retained and stabilised by the implant denture substructure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supertension
Extreme tension; incorrectly used as a synonym of high blood pressure, or hyperpiesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supertraction conus
A reddish yellow conus or ring at the nasal margin of the optic disk, produced by displacement of the retinal pigment epithelium and lamina vitrea of the choroid; occurs in high myopia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supervisal
Synonym for supervision ... The act, process or occupation of supervising: direction, inspection and critical evaluation: oversight, superintendence. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

supervision
The act, process or occupation of supervising: direction, inspection and critical evaluation: oversight, superintendence. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

supervoltage
In radiation therapy, a descriptor for high energy radiation above one thousand volts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supinate
1. To assume, or to be placed in, a supine (face upward) position. ... 2. To perform supination of the forearm or of the foot. ... Origin: L. Supino, pp. -atus, to bend backwards, place on back, fr. Supinus, supine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supination
<anatomy> The act of assuming the supine position or the state of being supine. Applied to the hand, the act of turning the palm forward (anteriorly) or upward, performed by lateral rotation of the forearm. ... Applied to the foot, it generally implies movements resulting in raising of the medial margin of the foot, hence of the longitudinal a …

supination reflex
Synonym for brachioradial reflex ... With the arm supinated to 45°, a tap near the lower end of the radius causes contraction of the brachioradial (supinator longus) muscle. ... Synonym: radioperiosteal reflex, styloradial reflex, supination reflex, supinator jerk, supinator reflex, supinator longus reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supinator
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, lateral epicondyle of humerus radial collateral and anular ligaments, and supinator ridge of ulna; insertion, anterior and lateral surface of radius; action, supinates the forearm; nerve supply, radial (posterior interosseous). ... Synonym: musculus supinator, musculus supinator radii brevis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supinator crest
Crest of supinator muscle, the proximal part of the interosseous border of the ulna from which a portion of the supinator muscle takes origin. ... Synonym: crista musculi supinatoris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supinator jerk
Synonym for brachioradial reflex ... With the arm supinated to 45°, a tap near the lower end of the radius causes contraction of the brachioradial (supinator longus) muscle. ... Synonym: radioperiosteal reflex, styloradial reflex, supination reflex, supinator jerk, supinator reflex, supinator longus reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supinator reflex
Synonym for brachioradial reflex ... With the arm supinated to 45°, a tap near the lower end of the radius causes contraction of the brachioradial (supinator longus) muscle. ... Synonym: radioperiosteal reflex, styloradial reflex, supination reflex, supinator jerk, supinator reflex, supinator longus reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supine
Lying on the back. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

supine hypotensive syndrome
<syndrome> In the supine pregnant woman at or near term, maternal hypotension; maternal hypotension is due to obstruction by the gravid uterus of the inferior vena cava with resulting decrease in venous return to the heart; foetal hypoxia is due to maternal hypotension and obstruction of the maternal aorta by the gravid uterus with resulting …

supine position
The posture of an individual lying face up. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

suppedanium
An application to the sole of the foot. ... Origin: Late L., a footstool, fr. L. Sub, beneath, + pes, foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supplant
1. To trip up. 'Supplanted, down he fell.' ... 2. To remove or displace by stratagem; to displace and take the place of; to supersede; as, a rival supplants another in the favor of a mistress or a prince. 'Suspecting that the courtier had supplanted the friend.' (Bp. Fell) ... 3. To overthrow, undermine, or force away, in order to get a substitute in …

supple-jack
<botany> A climbing shrub (Berchemia volubilus) of the Southern United States, having a tough and pliable stem. ... A somewhat similar tropical American plant (Paullinia Curassavica); also, a walking stick made from its stem. 'He was in form and spirit like a supple-jack, . . . Yielding, but tough; though he bent, he never broke.' (W. Irving)< …

supplement
Something that supplies a want or make an addition: something that completes, adds a finishing touch or brings closer to completion or a desired state. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

supplemental air
Synonym for expiratory reserve volume ... The extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. Common abbreviation is erv. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

supplemental groove
A curvilinear depression normally found on each side of a triangular ridge (crista triangularis). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supplemental lobe
In dental anatomy, an extra lobe; one that is not included in the typical formation of a tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supplemental ridge
A ridge on the surface of a tooth that is not normally present. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supplementary
Added to supply what is wanted; additional; being, or serving as, a supplement; as, a supplemental law; a supplementary sheet or volume. ... <physiology> Supplemental air, a bill filed in aid of an original bill to supply some deffect in the latter, or to set forth new facts which can not be done by amendment. ... <mathematics> Supplement …

supplementary motor area epilepsy
A localization-related epilepsy syndrome in which seizures originate from the supplementary motor area of the mesial frontal lobe. Typical seizure semiology includes sudden bilateral tonic movements, vocalization, and preservation of consciousness. Attacks are often nocturnal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supplementary motor cortex
A region from which, by electrical stimulation, the musculature of all bodily parts can be activated, as it also can by stimulation of the motor cortex of the precentral gyrus; the region corresponds approximately to the expansion of Brodmann's area 6 over the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere; this area has largely a bilateral representati …

supply
1. The act of supplying; supplial. ... 2. That which supplies a want; sufficiency of things for use or want. Specifically: ... Auxiliary troops or reenforcements. 'My promised supply of horsemen.' ... The food, and the like, which meets the daily necessities of an army or other large body of men; store; used chiefly in the plural; as, the army was dis …

support
1. To bear by being under; to keep from falling; to uphold; to sustain, in a literal or physical sense; to prop up; to bear the weight of; as, a pillar supports a structure; an abutment supports an arch; the trunk of a tree supports the branches. ... 2. To endure without being overcome, exhausted, or changed in character; to sustain; as, to support …

support medium
The material in which separation takes place, as in separation of components in electrophoresis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supporter
1. One who, or that which, supports; as, oxygen is a supporter of life. 'The sockets and supporters of flowers are figured.' (Bacon) 'The saints have a . . . Supporter in all their miseries.' (South) ... 2. Especially, an adherent; one who sustains, advocates, and defends; as, the supporter of a party, faction, or candidate. ... 3. A knee placed unde …

supporting area
Those areas of the maxillary and mandibular edentulous ridges which are considered best suited to carry the forces of mastication when the dentures are in function. ... Synonym: denture foundation area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supporting cell
Synonym for sustentacular cell ... One of the ordinary elongated cell's resting on the basement membrane that surround and serve as a support to the shorter specialised cell's in certain organs, such as the labyrinth of the inner ear or olfactory epithelium. ... Synonym: supporting cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supporting reactions
Described by Magnus, who distinguished two types: ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supporting reflexes
Synonym for supporting reactions ... Described by Magnus, who distinguished two types: ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supportive care
Treatment given to prevent, control, or relieve complications and side effects and to improve the patient's comfort and quality of life. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

supportive psychotherapy
Psychotherapy aiming at bolstering the patient's psychological defenses and providing him or her reassurance, as in crisis intervention, rather than probing provocatively into his or her conflicts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

suppose
1. To represent to one's self, or state to another, not as true or real, but as if so, and with a view to some consequence or application which the reality would involve or admit of; to imagine or admit to exist, for the sake of argument or illustration; to assume to be true; as, let us suppose the earth to be the center of the system, what would b …

suppositories
Medicated masses adapted for introduction into the rectal, vaginal, or urethral orifice of the body. Suppository bases are solid at room temperature but melt or dissolve at body temperature. Commonly used bases are cocoa butter, glycerinated gelatin, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights, and fatty acid este …

suppository
<pharmacology> A medicated mass adapted for introduction into the rectal, vaginal or urethral orifice of the body, suppository bases are solid at room temperature but melt or dissolve at body temperature. ... Commonly used bases are cocoa butter, glycerinated gelatin, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols of various molecular weigh …

suppressant, cough
A drug used to control coughing, particularly with a dry, nagging, unproductive cough. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

suppression
1. The act of suppressing, or the state of being suppressed; repression; as, the suppression of a riot, insurrection, or tumult; the suppression of truth, of reports, of evidence, and the like. ... 2. <medicine> Complete stoppage of a natural secretion or excretion; as, suppression of urine; used in contradiction to retention, which signifies …

suppression amblyopia
The suppression of the central vision in one eye when the images from the two eyes are so different that they cannot be fused into one. This may be due to: 1) faulty image formation (sensory amblyopia); 2) a large difference in refraction between the two eyes (anisometropic amblyopia); or 3) the two eyes pointing in different directions (strabismic …

suppression, genetic
The restoration of the wild-type phenotype in an organism possessing a mutationally altered genotype. The effects of the mutation may be suppressed by a second 'suppressor' mutation on a different gene, by a suppressor mutation on the same gene but located at a distance from the site of the primary mutation, or by the presence of a cytoplasmic supp …

suppressive
Tending to suppress: effecting suppression, specifically: serving to suppress activity, function, symptoms. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

suppressor
A compound that suppresses the effects of mutation or suppresses what would be a normal course of events. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

suppressor cell
<immunology> Lymphocyte class of cells suppressing T or B antigen dependent responses. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

suppressor cells
Cells of the immune system that inhibit or help to terminate an immune response, e.g., suppressor macrophages and suppressor T-cells. ... Synonym: cytotoxic cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...