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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

sulphonylurea
<pharmacology> Medicarion used to lower the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

sulphur
<chemical> The correct English Language spelling. In the USA it is spelt sulfur. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

sulphuric
1. Of or pertaining to sulphur; as, a sulphuric smell. ... 2. <chemistry> Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with the sulphurous compounds; as, sulphuric acid. Sulphuric acid. Sulphur trioxide (see under Sulphur); formerly so called on the dual …

sulphurous
1. Of or pertaining to sulphur. ... 2. <chemistry> Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with the sulphuric compounds. Having the characteristic odour of sulphur dioxide, or of hydrogen sulphide, or of other sulphur compounds. Sulphurous acid. Sulp …

sulphuryl
<chemistry> The hypothetical radical SO2; called also sulphon. Sulphuryl chloride, a chloride, pungent, fuming liquid, SO2.Cl2, obtained by the action of phosphorus pentachloride on sulphur trioxide. On treatment with water it decomposes into sulphuric and hydrochloric acids, and is hence called also sulphuric chloranhydride. ... Origin: Sulph …

sulphydryl reagent
<chemical, pharmacology> Compounds that bind to SH groups. Include p chlormercuribenzoate, N ethyl maleimide, iodoacetamide. Very important in studies of protein structure. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

sulpiride
<drug> This drug is used to treat depression and schizophrenia. It works by blocking the action of dopamine. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

sulthiame
P-Tetrahydro-2H-1,2-thiazin-2-yl)benzenenesulfonamide, S,S-dioxide;an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy and grand mal with psychomotor seizures; may cause ataxia, paresthesias, and psychotic episodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sultry
1. Very hot, burning, and oppressive; as, Libya's sultry deserts. 'Such as, born beneath the burning sky And sultry sun, betwixt the tropics lie.' (Dryden) ... 2. Very hot and moist, or hot, close, stagnant, and oppressive, as air. 'When in the sultry glebe I faint, Or on the thirsty mountain plant.' (Addison) ... Origin: From Sweltry. ... Source: Web …

Sulzberger-Garbe disease
Disease resembling an exudative form of nummular eczema described in Jewish males with oval lesions on the penis, trunk, and face. ... Synonym: exudative discoid and lichenoid dermatitis, Sulzberger-Garbe syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sulzberger-Garbe syndrome
Synonym for Sulzberger-Garbe disease ... Disease resembling an exudative form of nummular eczema described in Jewish males with oval lesions on the penis, trunk, and face. ... Synonym: exudative discoid and lichenoid dermatitis, Sulzberger-Garbe syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sulzberger, Marion
<person> U.S. Dermatologist, 1895-1983. ... See: Bloch-Sulzberger disease, syndrome, Sulzberger-Garbe disease, Sulzberger-Garbe syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sum
1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added together; as, the sum of 5 and 7 is 12. 'Take ye the sum of all the congregation.' (Num. I. 2) ... Sum is now commonly applied to an aggregate of numbers, and number to an aggregate of persons or thin …

sumach
1. <botany> Any plant of the genus Rhus, shrubs or small trees with usually compound leaves and clusters of small flowers. Some of the species are used in tanning, some in dyeing, and some in medicine. One, the Japanese Rhus vernicifera, yields the celebrated Japan varnish, or lacquer. ... 2. The powdered leaves, peduncles, and young branches …

sumatriptan
<chemical> A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5ht1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of migraines. ... Pharmacological action: serotonin agonists, vasoconstrictor agents. ... Chemical name: 1H-Indole-5-methanesulfonamide, 3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N-methyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

summation beat
Synonym for fusion beat ... A beat triggered by more than a single electrical impulse, when the wave fronts coincide to act together on a single final pathway of activity; in the electrocardiogram, the atrial or ventricular complex when either atria or ventricles are activated jointly by two simultaneous or nearly simultaneous invading impulses. ... …

summation gallop
Gallop rhythm in which the gallop sound is due to superimposition of third and fourth heart sounds; sometimes heard in normal subjects with tachycardia, but usually indicative of myocardial disease. ... Synonym: S7 gallop, S7. ... Systolic gallop, obsolete term for a triple cadence to the heart sounds in which the extra sound occurs during systole, u …

summation of stimuli
Cumulative muscular or neural effects produced by the frequent repetition of stimuli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

summer
The season of the year in which the sun shines most directly upon any region; the warmest period of the year. ... North of the equator summer is popularly taken to include the months of June, July, and August. Astronomically it may be considered, in the northern hemisphere, to begin with the summer solstice, about June 21st, and to end with the autu …

summer asthma
Asthma associated with hay fever or allergy to summer vegetation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

summer diarrhoea
Diarrhoea of infants in hot weather, usually an acute gastroenteritis due to the presence of Shigella or Salmonella. ... Synonym: choleraic diarrhoea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

summer itch
Synonym for pruritus aestivalis ... Pruritus occurring during hot weather; may be associated with prickly heat. ... Synonym: summer itch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

summer prurigo
Synonym for prurigo aestivalis ... A form recurring each summer, becoming very severe as long as the hot weather continues. ... Synonym: actinic prurigo, summer prurigo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

summer rash
Synonym for miliaria rubra ... An eruption of papules and vesicles at the orifices of sweat glands, accompanied by redness and inflammatory reaction of the skin. ... Synonym: heat rash, lichen infantum, lichen strophulosus, prickly heat, strophulus, summer rash, tropical lichen, lichen tropicus, wildfire rash. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

summer sores
Synonym for cutaneous habronaemiasis ... Chronic granulomatous sores on the skin of horses caused by fly-borne larvae of Draschia megastoma (primarily), Habronema muscae, and habronaemiasis majus which are deposited in skin wounds; the lesions are characterised by being pulpy and persistent but usually regress spontaneously in winter. ... Synonym: su …

summer-run fish
<marine biology> Anadromous fish that return to fresh water during June through September, migrate inland toward spawning areas, overwinter in the larger rivers, resume migration in early spring to natal springs and then spawn. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

summit
1. The top; the highest point. 'Fixed on the summit of the highest mount.' (Shak) ... 2. The highest degree; the utmost elevation; the acme; as, the summit of human fame. ... 3. <zoology> The most elevated part of a bivalve shell, or the part in which the hinge is situated. Summit level, the highest level of a canal, a railroad, or the like, in …

summon
1. To call, bid, or cite; to notify to come to appear; often with up. 'Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood.' (Shak) 'Trumpets summon him to war.' (Dryden) ... 2. To give notice to, or command to appear, as in court; to cite by authority; as, to summon witnesses. ... 3. To call upon to surrender, as a fort. ... Synonym: To call, cite, notify, conve …

Sumner, F
<person> 20th century British surgeon. ... See: Sumner's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sumner's sign
<clinical sign> A slight increase in tonus of the abdominal muscles, an early indication of inflammation of the appendix, stone in the kidney or ureter, or a twisted pedicle of an ovarian cyst; it is detected by exceedingly gentle palpation of the right or left iliac fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sump
1. <chemistry> A round pit of stone, lined with clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion. ... 2. The cistern or reservoir made at the lowest point of a mine, from which is pumped the water which accumulates there. ... 3. A pond of water for salt works. ... 4. A puddle or dirty pool. Sump fuse, a fuse used in blasting under water. ... < …

sump drain
A drain consisting of an outer tube with a smaller tube within it which is attached to a suction pump; the outer tube has multiple perforations that allow fluid and air to pass into its interior and be carried away through the suction tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sump syndrome
<syndrome> A complication of side-to-side choledochoduodenostomy in which the lower end of the common bile duct at times acts as a diverticulum, resulting in stasis, trapping of food particles, and infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sun
<botany> See Sunn. ... 1. The luminous orb, the light of which constitutes day, and its absence night; the central body round which the earth and planets revolve, by which they are held in their orbits, and from which they receive light and heat. Its mean distance from the earth is about 92,500,000 miles, and its diameter about 860,000. ... Its …

sun protection factor
A number on a scale (from 2 upwards) for rating sunscreens. Sunscreens with an spt of 15 or higher provide the best protection from the sun's harmful rays. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sundowning
The onset or exacerbation of delirium during the evening or night with improvement or disappearance during the day; most often seen in mid and later stages of dementing disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sunfish
<zoology> A very large oceanic plectognath fish (Mola mola, Mola rotunda, or Orthagoriscus mola) having a broad body and a truncated tail. ... Any one of numerous species of perch-like North American fresh water fishes of the family Centrachidae. They have a broad, compressed body, and strong dorsal spines. Among the common species of the East …

sunflower cataract
chalcosis lentis ...

sunflower seed oil
Oil from the seeds of Helianthus annuus (family Compositae); the glycerides consist mainly of the mixed triglycerides, each containing one or two linoleic acid radicals; used as a food, and in dietary supplements. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sunk cost
A cost already incurred and therefore not considered in making a current investment decision. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

sunscreen
A substance that blocks the effect of the sun's harmful rays. Using lotions that contain sunscreens can reduce the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sunscreening agents
Chemical or physical agents that protect the skin from sunburn and erythema by absorbing or blocking ultraviolet radiation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sunsetting
1. The descent of the sun below the horizon; also, the time when the sun sets; evening. Also used figuratively. ''T is the sunset of life gives me mystical lore.' (Campbell) ... 2. Hence, the region where the sun sets; the west. ... <zoology> Sunset shell, a West Indian marine bivalve (Tellina radiata) having a smooth shell marked with radiatin …

sunshine
1. The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give. 'But all sunshine, as when his beams at noon Culminate from the equator.' (Milton) ... 2. Anything which has a warming and cheering influence like that of the rays of the sun; warmth; illumination; br …

super-
1. <prefix> A prefix signifying above, over, beyond, and hence often denoting in a superior position, in excess, over and above, in addition, exceedingly; as in superimpose, supersede, supernatural, superabundance. ... 2. <chemistry> A prefix formerly much used to denote that the ingredient to the name of which it was prefixed was presen …

superabduction
Abduction of a limb beyond the normal limit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superacidity
An excess of acid; excessive acidity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superacromial
Above the acromion process. ... Synonym: supra-acromial. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superactivity
Abnormally great activity. ... Synonym: hyperactivity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superacute
Extremely acute; marked by extreme severity of symptoms and rapid progress, as of the course of a disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superadd
To add over and above; to add to what has been added; to annex, as something extrinsic. 'The strength of any living creature, in those external motion, is something distinct from, and superadded unto, its natural gravity.' (Bp. Wilkins) 'The peacock laid it extremely to heart that he had not the nightingale's voice superadded to the beauty of his p …

superalimentation
Synonym for hyperalimentation ... <gastroenterology, pharmacology> Intravenous feeding that provides patients with all essential nutrients when they are unable to feed themselves. ... Synonym: total parenteral nutrition. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

superanal
Synonym for supra-anal ... Above the anus. ... Synonym: superanal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superantigen
<immunology> Antigens, mostly from bacterial toxins, that interact with a set of T lymphocytes bearing a set of products of the V_T receptor genes, as a consequence superantigens activate large numbers of T-cells. ... Staphylococcal enterotoxins are the best known superantigens and stimulate CD4 T-cells in humans. The Mls gene product in mice …

superantigens
Microbial antigens that have in common an extremely potent activating effect on T-cells that bear a specific variable region. Superantigens cross-link the variable region with class II MHC proteins regardless of the peptide binding in the T-cell receptor's pocket. The result is a transient expansion and subsequent death and anergy of the T-cells wi …

superb
1. Grand; magnificent; august; stately; as, a superb edifice; a superb colonnade. ... 2. Rich; elegant; as, superb furniture or decorations. ... 3. Showy; excellent; grand; as, a superb exhibition. Superb paradise bird See Blue wren, under Wren. Superb'ly, Superb'ness. ... Origin: F. Superbe, L. Superbus, fr. Super over. See Super-. ... Source: Webster …

superciliary arch
A fullness extending laterally from the glabella on either side, above the orbital margin of the frontal bone. ... Synonym: arcus superciliaris, superciliary ridge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superciliary ridge
Synonym for superciliary arch ... A fullness extending laterally from the glabella on either side, above the orbital margin of the frontal bone. ... Synonym: arcus superciliaris, superciliary ridge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

supercoiled plasmid
<molecular biology> The predominant in vivo form of plasmids, in which the plasmid is coiled around histone-like proteins. ... Supporting proteins are stripped away during extraction from the bacterial cell, causing the plasmid molecule to supercoil around itself in vitro. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

supercoiling
<molecular biology> In circular DNA or closed loops of DNA, twisting of the DNA about its own axis changes the number of turns of the double helix. ... If twisting is in the opposite direction to the turns of the double helix, i.e. Anticlockwise, the DNA strands will either have to unwind or the whole structure will twist or supercoil termed n …

superconducting magnet
A magnet whose coils are cooled, usually with liquid helium, to a temperature at which the metal becomes superconducting, effectively removing all electrical resistance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superconductor
<physics> A type of electrical conductor that permits a current to flow with zero resistance. ... Without superconducting coils, a toroidal magnetic-confinement fusion reactor would not be possible, because too much energy would be required to maintain the magnetic fields against resistive energy losses in the coil conductors. ... (19 Jan 1998) …

superdistention
Synonym for hyperdistention ... Extreme distention. ... Synonym: superdistention. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superduct
To elevate or draw upward. ... Origin: L. Super-duco, pp. -ductus, to lead over ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superego
The component of the personality associated with ethics, standards, and self-criticism - the 'conscience'. It is derived mainly from identification with parents and parent substitutes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

supereruption
Movement of a tooth beyond the normal plane of occlusion due to the loss of its antagonist(s). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superexcitation
1. The act of exciting or stimulating unduly. ... 2. A condition of extreme excitement or stimulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superextension
Synonym for hyperextension ... Extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit. ... Synonym: overextension, superextension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superfatted
With additional fat added, as in the case of soap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superfatted soap
A soap containing an excess (3 to 5%) of fat above that necessary to completely neutralise all the alkali; used in the manufacture of medicated soap, and in the treatment of skin diseases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superfetation
<physiology> The formation of a foetus at the result of an impregnation occurring after another impregnation but before the birth of the offspring produced by it. This is possible only when there is a double uterus, or where menstruation persists up to the time of the second impregnation. 'In then became a superfetation upon, and not an ingre …

superficial
1. Cursory; not thorough. ... 2. Pertaining to or situated near the surface. ... Synonym: superficialis. ... Origin: L. Superficialis, fr. Superficies, surface ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial angioma
Synonym for capillary haemangioma ... <dermatology> Red or purple-coloured vascular skin markings that develop shortly after birth. Most are usually painless and benign and sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually located on the head and neck, and grow rapidly. ... It is caused by proliferation of immature capillary vessels in active s …

superficial brachial artery
<anatomy, artery> An occasional variation in which the brachial artery lies superficial to the median nerve in the arm. ... Synonym: arteria brachialis superficialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial branch
Branch which passes above or closer to surface; usually in contrast to a deep branch. ... Synonym: ramus superficialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial burn
Synonym for first degree burn ... A burn involving only the epidermis and causing erythema and oedema without vesiculation. ... Synonym: superficial burn. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial cardiac plexus
The superficial and smaller subdivision of the cardiac plexus, formed by the left superior cardiac nerves from the left vagus and cervical sympathetic trunk; it is found beneath the aortic arch, between the arch and the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk. ... Synonym: plexus cardiacus superficialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial cerebral veins
The veins on the superficial surface of the cerebral hemispheres; they comprise three groups: superior, middle, and inferior. ... Synonym: venae cerebri superficiales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial cervical artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, branch of thyrocervical trunk, running with spinal accessory nerve deep to trapezius muscle. ... See: superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery. ... Synonym: arteria cervicalis superficialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial cervical nerve
Synonym for transverse cervical nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A branch of the cervical plexus that supplies the skin over the anterior triangle of the neck. ... Synonym: nervus transversus colli, cutaneous cervical nerve, nervus cervicalis superficialis, superficial cervical nerve, transverse nerve of neck. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial circumflex iliac artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, femoral; distribution, inguinal lymph nodes and integument of that region; sartorius, and tensor fasciae latae muscles; anastomoses, deep circumflex iliac. ... Synonym: arteria circumflexa iliaca superficialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial circumflex iliac vein
<anatomy, vein> Corresponding to the artery of the same name, emptying usually into the great saphenous vein, or sometimes into the femoral vein. ... Synonym: vena circumflexa iliaca superficialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial cleavage
Meroblastic cleavage with the divisions limited to the peripheral (surface) cytoplasm of a centrolecithal egg. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial dorsal veins of penis
A pair of veins on the dorsum of the penis superficial to the fascia penis; they are tributaries of the external pudendal veins on each side. ... Synonym: venae dorsales penis superficiales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial ectoderm
Synonym for epithelial ectoderm ... That part of the ectoderm separating from the neuroectoderm at about the fourth week of embryonic life; the epidermis and its specialised derivatives develop from it. ... Synonym: superficial ectoderm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial epigastric artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, femoral; distribution, inguinal nodes and integument of lower abdomen; anastomoses, inferior epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac and external pudendal. ... Synonym: arteria epigastrica superficialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial epigastric vein
<anatomy, vein> Drains the lower and medial part of the anterior abdominal wall and empties into the great saphenous vein. ... Synonym: vena epigastrica superficialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial fascia
A loose fibrous envelope beneath the skin, containing fat in its meshes (panniculus adiposus) or fasciculi of muscular tissue (panniculus carnosus); it contains the cutaneous vessels and nerves and is in relation by its undersurface with the deep fascia. ... Synonym: fascia superficialis, tela subcutanea, hypoderm, hypodermis, stratum subcutaneum, s …

superficial fascia of penis
A superficial layer continuous with fascia perinei superficialis. ... Synonym: fascia penis superficialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial fascia of perineum
The membranous layer of the subcutaneous tissue in the urogenital region attaching posteriorly to the border of the urogenital diaphragm, at the sides to the ischiopubic rami, and continuing anteriorly onto the abdominal wall. ... Synonym: fascia perinei superficialis, Colles' fascia, Cruveilhier's fascia, membranous layer of superficial fascia. ... …

superficial fibular nerve
Synonym for superficial peroneal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A branch of the common peroneal nerve which passes downward in the lateral compartment of the leg to supply the peroneus longus and brevis muscles and terminate as the intermediate and medial dorsal cutaneous nerves supplying the skin of the dorsum of the foot and toes (except for adj …

superficial implantation
Synonym for central implantation ... <obstetrics> Implantation in which the blastocyst remains in the uterine cavity, as in carnivores, rhesus monkeys, and rabbits. ... Synonym: circumferential implantation, superficial implantation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial inguinal lymph nodes
A group of 12 to 20 nodes that lie in the subcutaneous tissue below the inguinal ligament and along the terminal part of the great saphenous vein; they drain the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower abdominal wall, perineum, buttock, external genitalia, and lower limb; they are subdivided into three groups: inferior (vertical) group of superfi …

superficial inguinal pouch
Synonym for Denis Browne's pouch ... A pocket formed between Scarpa's and external oblique fascia adjacent to external inguinal ring; a common lodging site for undescended testes (as in cryptorchism). ... Synonym: superficial inguinal pouch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial inguinal ring
The slit-like opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdominal wall through which the spermatic cord (round ligament in the female) and inguinal hernias emerge from the inguinal canal. ... See: aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle. ... Synonym: annulus inguinalis superficialis, external inguinal ring, subcutaneou …

superficial lamina
Synonym for superficial layer ... In a stratified structure, the outermost or topmost of the strata; the stratum nearest the surface. ... See: superficial layer of deep cervical fascia, superficial layer of the levator {palpebrae superioris muscle}, superficial layer of temporalis fascia. ... Synonym: lamina superficialis, superficial lamina. ... (05 M …

superficial layer
In a stratified structure, the outermost or topmost of the strata; the stratum nearest the surface. ... See: superficial layer of deep cervical fascia, superficial layer of the levator {palpebrae superioris muscle}, superficial layer of temporalis fascia. ... Synonym: lamina superficialis, superficial lamina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial linear keratitis
Spontaneous, painful keratitis with epithelial erosion and folds in Bowman's membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

superficial lingual muscle
Synonym for superior longitudinal muscle of tongue ... An intrinsic muscle of the tongue, running from base to tip on the dorsum just beneath the mucous membrane; action, shortens the upper part of the tongue; nerve supply, motor by hypoglossal, sensory by lingual. ... Synonym: musculus longitudinalis superior, superficial lingual muscle. ... (05 Mar …

superficial lymphatic vessel
One of the lymphatic vessels that lie in the skin and subcutaneous tissues; they join the deep lymphatic vessels. ... Synonym: vas lymphaticum superficiale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...