Hypogæic Hyp`o·gæ"ic adjective [ Prefix hypo- + Greek gai^a , gh^ , earth.] (Chemistry) Pertaining to, or obtained from, the peanut, or earthnut ( Arachis hypogæa ).

Hypogæic acid (Chemistry) , an acid in the oil of the earthnut, in which it exists as a glyceride, and from which it is extracted as a white, crystalline substance.

Hypohyal Hy`po·hy"al adjective [ Prefix hypo- + Greek letter ....] (Anat.) Pertaining to one or more small elements in the hyoidean arch of fishes, between the caratohyal and urohyal. -- noun One of the hypohyal bones or cartilages.

Hyponastic Hy`po·nas"tic adjective [ Prefix hypo- + Greek ... pressed close.] (Botany) Exhibiting a downward convexity caused by unequal growth. Confer Epinastic .

Hyponasty Hy`po·nas"ty noun (Botany) Downward convexity, or convexity of the inferior surface.

Hyponitrite Hy`po·ni"trite noun (Chemistry) A salt of hyponitrous acid.

Hyponitrous Hy`po·ni"trous adjective [ Prefix hypo- + nitrous .] (Chemistry) Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence than in nitrous compounds.

Hyponitrous acid (Chemistry) , an unstable nitrogen acid, NOH, whose salts are produced by reduction of the nitrates, although the acid itself is not isolated in the free state except as a solution in water; -- called also nitrosylic acid .

Hypopharynx Hy`po·phar"ynx noun [ New Latin See Hypo- , and Pharynx .] (Zoology) An appendage or fold on the lower side of the pharynx, in certain insects.

Hypophosphate Hy`po·phos"phate noun (Chemistry) A salt of hypophosphoric acid.

Hypophosphite Hy`po·phos"phite noun (Chemistry) A salt of hypophosphorous acid.

Hypophosphoric Hy`po·phos·phor"ic adjective [ Prefix hypo- + phosphoric .] (Chemistry) Pertaining to, or derived from, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphoric acid.

Hypophosphoric acid (Chemistry) , an acid, P ₂ H ₄ O ₆ , produced by the slow oxidation of moist phosphorus, and isolated only as a solution in water. It is regarded as a condensation product of one molecule of phosphoric acid with one of phosphorous acid, by partial dehydration.

Hypophosphorous Hy`po·phos"phor·ous adjective [ Prefix hypo- + phosphorous .] (Chemistry) Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphorous acid.

Hypophosphorous acid (Chemistry) , an acid, H ₃ PO ₂ , whose salts are produced by the action of barium hygrate on phosphorus. It may be obtained from its water solution, by exaporation and freezing, as a white crystalline substance. It is a powerful reducing agent.

Hypophyllous Hy·poph"yl·lous adjective [ Prefix hypo- + Greek ... leaf.] (Botany) Being or growing on the under side of a leaf, as the fruit dots of ferns.

Hypophysial Hy`po·phys"i·al adjective (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hypophysis; pituitary.

Hypophysis Hy·poph"y·sis noun [ New Latin , from Greek ... under + ... nature, origin.] 1. (Anat.) See Pituitary body , under Pituitary .

2. (Medicine) Cataract.

Hypoplastron Hy`po·plas"tron noun ; plural Hypoplastra . [ Prefix hypo- + plastron .] (Anat.) The third lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyposternum .

Hypoptilum Hy·pop"ti·lum noun ; plural Latin Hypoptila , English Hypoptilums . [ New Latin , from Greek "ypo` beneath + ... down.] (Zoology) An accessory plume arising from the posterior side of the stem of the contour feathers of many birds; -- called also aftershaft . See Illust. of Feather .

Hyporadius Hy`po·ra"di·us noun ; plural Hyporadii . [ Prefix hypo- + radius .] (Zoology) One of the barbs of the hypoptilum, or aftershaft of a feather. See Feather .

Hyporhachis Hy`po·rha"chis noun ; plural Hyporhachides . [ New Latin , from Greek "ypo` beneath + ... spine.] (Zoology) The stem of an aftershaft or hypoptilum. [ Written also hyporachis .]

Hyposkeletal Hy`po·skel"e·tal adjective [ Prefix hypo- + skeletal .] (Anat.) Beneath the endoskeleton; hypaxial; as, the hyposkeletal muscles; -- opposed to episkeletal .

Hypospadias Hy`po·spa"di·as noun [ New Latin , from Greek "ypo` beneath + spa`n to draw, tear.] (Medicine) A deformity of the penis, in which the urethra opens upon its under surface.

Hypostasis Hy·pos"ta·sis noun ; plural Hypostases . [ Latin , from Greek ... subsistence, substance, from ... to stand under; ... under + ... to stand, middle voice of ... to cause to stand. See Hypo- , and Stand .] 1. That which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a concept or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing being or thing.

2. (Theol.) Substance; subsistence; essence; person; personality; -- used by the early theologians to denote any one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

» The Council of Alexandria ( a.d. 362) defined hypostasis as synonymous with person . Schaff- Herzog.

3. Principle; an element; -- used by the alchemists in speaking of salt, sulphur, and mercury, which they considered as the three principles of all material bodies.

4. (Medicine) That which is deposited at the bottom of a fluid; sediment.

Hypostasize Hy·pos"ta·size transitive verb To make into a distinct substance; to conceive or treat as an existing being; to hypostatize. [ R.]

The pressed Newtonians . . . refused to hypostasize the law of gravitation into an ether.

Coleridge.

Hypostatic, Hypostatical Hy`po·stat"ic, Hy`po·stat"ic·al adjective [ Greek ...: confer French hypostatique .] 1. Relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence, constitutive, or elementary.

The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three hypostatical principles.

Boyle.

2. Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to the divine hypostases, or substances. Bp. Pearson.

3. (Medicine) Depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting; as, hypostatic cognestion, cognestion due to setting of blood by gravitation.

Hypostatic union (Theol.) , the union of the divine with the human nature of Christ. Tillotson.

Hypostatically Hy`po·stat"ic·al·ly adverb In a hypostatic manner.

Hypostatize Hy·pos"ta·tize transitive verb 1. To make into, or regarded as, a separate and distinct substance.

Looked upon both species and genera as hypostatized universals.

Pop. Sci. Monthly.

2. To attribute actual or personal existence to. Sir W. Hamilton.

Hyposternum Hy`po·ster"num noun ; plural Latin Hyposterna , English Hyposternums . [ Prefix hypo- + sternum .] (Anat.) See Hypoplastron .

Hypostome Hy"po·stome Hy*pos"to*ma noun [ New Latin hypostoma , from Greek "ypo` beneath + ... mouth.] (Zoology) The lower lip of trilobites, crustaceans, etc.

Hypostrophe Hy·pos"tro·phe noun [ New Latin , from Greek ..., from ... to turn round or back; ... under + ... to turn.] (Medicine) (a) The act of a patient turning himself. (b) A relapse, or return of a disease.

Hypostyle Hy"po·style adjective [ Greek ... resting on pillars; ... under + ... a pillar.] (Architecture) Resting upon columns; constructed by means of columns; -- especially applied to the great hall at Karnak.

Hyposulphate Hy`po·sul"phate noun (Chemistry) A salt of hyposulphuric acid.

Hyposulphite Hy`po·sul"phite noun (Chemistry) (a) A salt of what was formerly called hyposulphurous acid; a thiosulphate. [ Obsolete] (b) A salt of hyposulphurous acid proper.

Hyposulphuric Hy`po·sul·phur"ic adjective [ Prefix hypo- + sulphuric .] (Chemistry) Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds; as, hyposulphuric acid.

Hyposulphuric acid , an acid, H ₂ S ₂ O ₆ , obtained by the action of manganese dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known only in a watery solution and in its salts; -- called also dithionic acid . See Dithionic .

Hyposulphurous Hy`po·sul"phur·ous adjective [ Prefix hypo- + sulphurous .] (Chemistry) Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a low state of oxidation.

Hyposulphurous acid . (a) Thiosulphuric acid. [ Obsolete] (b) An acid, H ₂ SO ₂ , obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing and bleaching agent. Called also hydrosulphurous acid .

Hypotarsus Hy`po·tar"sus noun ; plural Hypotarsi . [ New Latin See Hypo- , and Tarsus .] (Anat.) A process on the posterior side of the tarsometatarsus of many birds; the calcaneal process. -- Hy`po*tar"sal adjective

Hypotenuse, Hypothenuse Hy·pot"e·nuse, Hy·poth"e·nuse noun [ Latin hypotenusa , Greek ..., probably , subtending (sc. ...), from ... to stretch under, subtend; ... under + ... to stretch. See Subtend .] (Geom.) The side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite to the right angle.

Hypothec Hy·poth"ec noun [ French hypothèque . See Hypotheca .] (Scot. Law) A landlord's right, independently of stipulation, over the stocking (cattle, implements, etc.), and crops of his tenant, as security for payment of rent.

Hypotheca Hy`po·the"ca noun [ Latin , from Greek ... a thing subject to some obligation, from ... to put under, put down, pledge. See Hypothesis .] (Rom. Law) An obligation by which property of a debtor was made over to his creditor in security of his debt.

» It differed from pledge in regard to possession of the property subject to the obligation; pledge requiring, simple hypotheca not requiring, possession of it by the creditor. The modern mortgage corresponds very closely with it. Kent.

Hypothecate Hy·poth"e·cate transitive verb [ imperfect & past participle Hypothecated ; present participle & verbal noun Hypothecating .] [ Late Latin hypothecatus , past participle of hypothecare to pledge, from Latin hypotheca pledge, security. See Hypotheca .] (Law) To subject, as property, to liability for a debt or engagement without delivery of possession or transfer of title; to pledge without delivery of possession; to mortgage, as ships, or other personal property; to make a contract by bottomry. See Hypothecation , Bottomry .

He had found the treasury empty and the pay of the navy in arrear. He had no power to hypothecate any part of the public revenue. Those who lent him money lent it on no security but his bare word.

Macaulay.

Hypothecation Hy·poth`e·ca"tion noun [ Late Latin hypothecatio .] 1. (Civ. Law) The act or contract by which property is hypothecated; a right which a creditor has in or to the property of his debtor, in virtue of which he may cause it to be sold and the price appropriated in payment of his debt. This is a right in the thing, or jus in re . Pothier. B. R. Curtis.

There are but few cases, if any, in our law, where an hypothecation , in the strict sense of the Roman law, exists; that is a pledge without possession by the pledgee.

Story.

» In the modern civil law, this contract has no application to movable property, not even to ships, to which and their cargoes it is most frequently applied in England and America. See Hypothecate . B. R. Curtis. Domat.

2. (Law of Shipping) A contract whereby, in consideration of money advanced for the necessities of the ship, the vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable for its repayment, provided the ship arrives in safety. It is usually effected by a bottomry bond. See Bottomry .

» This term is often applied to mortgages of ships.

Hypothecator Hy·poth"e·ca`tor noun (Law) One who hypothecates or pledges anything as security for the repayment of money borrowed.

Hypothenal, Hypothenar Hy·poth"e·nal, Hy·poth"e·nar adjective [ Prefix hypo- + thenar .] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prominent part of the palm of the hand above the base of the little finger, or a corresponding part in the forefoot of an animal; as, the hypothenar eminence.

Hypothenar Hy·poth"e·nar noun (Anat.) The hypothenar eminence.

Hypothenusal Hy·poth`e·nu"sal adjective Of or pertaining to hypothenuse. [ R.]

Hypothenuse Hy·poth"e·nuse noun Same as Hypotenuse .

Hypothesis Hy·poth"e·sis noun ; plural Hypotheses . [ New Latin , from Greek ... foundation, supposition, from ... to place under, ... under + ... to put. See Hypo- , Thesis .] 1. A supposition; a proposition or principle which is supposed or taken for granted, in order to draw a conclusion or inference for proof of the point in question; something not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument, or to account for a fact or an occurrence; as, the hypothesis that head winds detain an overdue steamer.

An hypothesis being a mere supposition, there are no other limits to hypotheses than those of the human imagination.

J. S. Mill.

2. (Natural Science) A tentative theory or supposition provisionally adopted to explain certain facts, and to guide in the investigation of others; hence, frequently called a working hypothesis .

Syn. -- Supposition; assumption. See Theory .

Nebular hypothesis . See under Nebular .

Hypothetic, Hypothetical Hy`po·thet"ic, Hy`po·thet"ic·al adjective [ Latin hypotheticus , Greek ...: confer French hypothétique .] Characterized by, or of the nature of, an hypothesis; conditional; assumed without proof, for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof, or of accounting for some fact or phenomenon.

Causes hypothetical at least, if not real, for the various phenomena of the existence of which our experience informs us.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Hypothetical baptism (Ch. of Eng.) , baptism administered to persons in respect to whom it is doubtful whether they have or have not been baptized before. Hook.

-- Hy`po*thet"ic*al*ly , adverb South.

Hypothetist Hy·poth"e·tist noun One who proposes or supports an hypothesis. [ R.]

Hypotrachelium Hy`po·tra·che"li·um noun [ Latin , from Greek ...; ... under + ... neck.] (Architecture) Same as Gorgerin .

Hypotricha Hy·pot"ri·cha noun plural [ New Latin , from Greek "ypo` beneath + ..., ..., a hair.] (Zoology) A division of ciliated Infusoria in which the cilia cover only the under side of the body.

Hypotrochoid Hy`po·tro"choid noun [ Prefix hypo- + trochoid .] (Geom.) A curve, traced by a point in the radius, or radius produced, of a circle which rolls upon the concave side of a fixed circle. See Hypocycloid , Epicycloid , and Trochoid .

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