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 Talk Talk - Communication terms
Category: General technical and industrial
Date & country: 28/05/2010, UK
Words: 18630


Liddell Hart, Basil Henry
British military strategist. He was an exponent of mechanized warfare, and his ideas were adopted in Germany in 1935 in creating the 1st Panzer Division, combining motorized infantry and tanks. From 1937 he advised the UK War Office on army reorganization. Knighted in 1966

Liberal Party
British political party, the successor to the Whig Party, with an ideology of liberalism. In the 19th century it represented the interests of commerce and industry. Its outstanding leaders were Palmerston, Gladstone, and Lloyd George. From 1914 it declined, and the rise of the Labour Party pushed the...

liberalism
Political and social theory that supports representative government, freedom of the press, speech, and worship, the abolition of class privileges, the use of state resources to protect the welfare of the individual, and international free trade. It is historically associated with the Liberal Party in the UK and the Democratic Party in the USA. Libe...

lighthouse
Click images to enlargeElevated structure equipped with a powerful flashing light for use as a maritime navigational aid. The light signals to ships that they are approaching land, or dangerous waters. Increasingly lighthouses are automated rather than staffed; later designs also emit radio signals that enable the shi...

light
Electromagnetic waves (made up of electric and magnetic components) in the visible range, having a wavelength from about 400 nanometres in the extreme violet to about 700 nanometres in the extreme red. Light is considered to exhibit particle and wave properties, and the fundamental particle, or quantum, of light is called the photon. A light wave c...

light pen
In computing, a device resembling an ordinary pen, used to indicate locations on a computer screen. With certain computer-aided design (CAD) programs, the light pen can be used to instruct the computer to change the shape, size, position, and colours of sections of a screen image. The pen has a photoreceptor at its tip that emits signals when l...

linear accelerator
In physics, a type of particle accelerator in which the particles move along a straight tube. Particles pass through a linear accelerator only once – unlike those in a cyclotron or synchrotron (ring-shaped accelerators), which make many revolutions, gaining energy each time. The world's longest linac is the Stanford Linear Collider, in...

light bulb
Incandescent filament lamp, first demonstrated by Joseph Swan in the UK in 1878 and Thomas Edison in the USA in 1879. The present-day light bulb is a thin glass bulb filled with an inert mixture of nitrogen and argon gas. It contains a filament made of fine tungsten wire. When electricity is pass...

Linotype
Trademark for a typesetting machine once universally used for newspaper work, which sets complete lines (slugs) of hot-metal type as operators type the copy at a keyboard. It was invented in the USA in 1884 by German-born Ottmar Mergenthaler. It has been replaced by phototypesetting

liquid-crystal display
Display of numbers (for example, in a calculator) or pictures (such as on a pocket television screen) produced by molecules of a substance in a semi-liquid state with some crystalline properties, so that clusters of molecules align in parallel formations. The display is a blank until the applicat...

lightning
Click images to enlargeHigh-voltage electrical discharge between two rainclouds or between a cloud and the Earth, caused by the build-up of electrical charges. Air in the path of lightning ionizes (becomes a conductor), and expands; the accompanying noise is heard as thunder. Currents of 20,000 amperes and tem...

liquid
State of matter between a solid and a gas. A liquid forms a level surface and assumes the shape of its container. The way that liquids behave can be explained by the kinetic theory of matter. Its atoms do not occupy fixed positions as in a crystalline solid, nor do they have total freedom of movement as in a gas. Unlike a gas, a liquid is difficult...

limerick
Five-line humorous verse, often nonsensical, which first appeared in England in about 1820 and was popularized by English writer Edward Lear. An example is: `There was a young lady of Riga, Who rode with a smile on a tiger; They returned from the ride With the lady inside, And the smile on the face of the tiger.`

limits, territorial and fishing
The limits of sea area to which an adjoining coastal state can claim territorial or fishing rights under maritime law

Lille
Industrial city and administrative centre of the Nord département in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France, on the River Deûle; population (1999 est) 182,200, metropolitan area (2002 est) 1,727,500. The world's first entirely automatic underground train system was opened here in 1982. The Eurostar ...

Lilongwe
Capital of Malawi, on the Lilongwe River, lying on a plateau at an altitude of 1,100 m/3,600 ft; population (2001 est) 473,000. It is a commercial and communications centre for a fertile agricultural region, producing ground nuts and tobacco. With hydroelectric power from a dam on the Lilongwe River, it has become a centre for light industr...

Lima
(Peru) Capital and largest city of Peru, on the River Rímac, 13 km/8 mi from its Pacific port of Callao; population (2005) 7,553,400; urban agglomeration 7,819,400. A rapidly growing metropolitcan area, it comprises about one-third of the country's total population and...

Limoges
Administrative centre of the département of Haute-Vienne and of the Limousin region, central France, situated on the River Vienne, 175 km/109 mi northeast of Bordeaux; population (1990) 136,400. It is the centre of the modern French porcelain industry; other industries include shoes, textiles, electrical equi...

Limpopo
River in southeast Africa, rising in the Magaliesberg to the west of Pretoria in Gauteng Province, South Africa, and flowing through Mozambique and into the Mozambique Channel at Delagoa Bay; length 1,600 km/1,000 mi. It is also known as Crocodile River. The Limpopo flows in a semicircular course, forming the boundary between Northern Provi...

Lincoln
(UK) Industrial and cathedral city, administrative headquarters of Lincolnshire, England, situated on the River Witham, 210 km/130 mi north of London; population (2001) 85,600. Products include bricks, excavators, cranes, gas turbines, radios, vehicle components, cattle feed, matting, ...

Lincoln, Abraham
Click images to enlarge16th president of the USA 1861–65, a Republican. During the American Civil War, his chief concern was the preservation of the Union from which the Confederate (southern) slave states had seceded on his election. Lincoln strove to reunite the nation, preserve the federal government, and end slav...

linguistics
Scientific study of language. Linguistics has many branches, such as origins (historical linguistics), the changing way language is pronounced (phonetics), derivation of words through various languages (etymology), development of meanings (semantics), and the arrangement and modifications of words to convey a message (grammar). Applied linguistics ...

Lin Piao
Alternative transliteration of Lin Biao

Linz
Capital and industrial river port of Upper Austria, in northern Austria, on the River Danube; population (2001) 270,800. Iron and steel production is a major industry powered by locally sourced hydroelectricity. Other activities include metalworking, furniture-making, and the manufacture of electrochemicals and clothing

Lipari Islands
Volcanic group of seven islands off northeastern Sicily, including Lipari (on which is the capital of the same name), Stromboli (active volcano 926 m/3,038 ft high), and Vulcano (also with an active volcano); area 114 sq km/44 sq mi. In Greek mythology, the god Aeolus kept the winds imprisoned in a cave on the Lipari Islands

Lipchitz, Jacques
Lithuanian-born sculptor. He was active in Paris from 1909 and emigrated to the USA in 1941. He was one of the first cubist sculptors, his best-known piece being Man with a Guitar (1916; Museum of Modern Art, New York). In the 1920s he experimented with small open forms he called `transparents`. His later wo...

Lisboa
Portuguese form of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal

Lisbon
Capital of Portugal, and of the Lisboa district, in the southwest of the country, situated on a tidal lake and estuary formed by the River Tagus; population (2003 est) 559,400, urban agglomeration 2,618,100. It is a major commercial and industrial centre, and industries include steel, textiles, chemicals, pottery, shipbuilding, oil refining, fo...

literacy
Ability to read and write. The level at which functional literacy is set rises as society becomes more complex, and it becomes increasingly difficult for an illiterate person to find work and cope with the other demands of everyday life. Nearly 1 billion adults in the world, most of them women, are unable to read or write. Africa has the world'...

Lippi, Filippino
Florentine painter. He was trained by his father Filippo Lippi and Botticelli. His most important works are frescoes in the Strozzi Chapel of Sta Maria Novella in Florence, painted in a graceful but also dramatic and at times bizarre style. He painted many altarpieces and frescoes, most of which show the grace and delicacy he derived from Botticell...

Livingstone, Ken(neth)
British Labour politician, mayor of London from 2000. The leader of the Greater London Council (GLC) 1981–86 and member of Parliament for Brent East 1987–2001, he ran as an independent in the London mayoral election in 2000, opposing Frank Dobson, the Labour Party's official candidate. This led to his expulsion from the Labour Party f...

Liu Shaoqi
Chinese communist politician, president 1960–65 and the most prominent victim of the 1966–69 leftist Cultural Revolution. A Moscow-trained labour organizer, he was a firm proponent of the Soviet style of government based around disciplined one-party control, the use of incentive gradings, and priority for industry over agriculture...

Li Xiannian
Chinese communist politician, member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Politburo from 1956, and state president 1983–88. He fell from favour during the 1966–69 Cultural Revolution, but was rehabilitated as finance minister in 1973, by Zhou Enlai, and proceeded to implement cautious economic reform. During the 1950s and early 1960s Li w...

libretto
The text of an opera or other dramatic vocal work, or the scenario of a ballet

lied
Musical dramatization of a poem, usually for solo voice and piano; referring especially to the Romantic songs of Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms, and Hugo Wolf

liability
In accounting, a financial obligation. Liabilities are placed alongside assets on a balance sheet to show the wealth of the individual or company concerned at a given date. Business organizations often distinguish between current liabilities such as overdrafts, trade credit, and provisions, and long-term liabilities such as debentures, mortgage...

liquidity
In economics, the state of possessing sufficient money and/or assets to be able to pay off all liabilities. Liquid assets are those such as shares that may be converted quickly into cash, as opposed to property

liquidation
In economics, the winding up of a company by converting all its assets into money to pay off its liabilities

literature
Words set apart in some way from ordinary everyday communication. In the ancient oral traditions, before stories and poems were written down, literature had a mainly public function – mythic and religious. As literary works came to be preserved in writing, and, eventually, printed, their role became more private, serving as a vehicle for the e...

litre
Metric unit of volume, equal to one cubic decimetre (1.76 imperial pints/2.11 US pints). It was formerly defined as the volume occupied by one kilogram of pure water at 4°C at standard pressure, but this is slightly larger than one cubic decimetre

Likud
Alliance of right-wing Israeli political parties, formed in 1973 by Menachem Begin, uniting Herut (`freedom`), the Liberal Party of Israel, Laam (`for the nation`), and Ahdut. It defeated the Labour Party coalition in the May 1977 election, bringing Begin to power. Under the leadership of Yitzhak Shamir 1983–93, Likud b...

lilac
Any of a group of flowering Old World shrubs, with clusters (panicles) of small, sweetly scented, white or purple flowers on the main stems. The common lilac (S. vulgaris) is a popular garden ornamental. (Genus Syringa, family Oleaceae.)

Liberia
Country in West Africa, bounded north by Guinea, east by Côte d'Ivoire, south and southwest by the Atlantic Ocean, and northwest by Sierra Leone. Government Liberia has a multiparty presidential political system based on the USA model. The 1986 constitution, as amended, provides for a two-chamber national assembly comprising a 26-m...

Libya
Country in North Africa, bounded north by the Mediterranean Sea, east by Egypt, southeast by Sudan, south by Chad and Niger, and west by Algeria and Tunisia. Government Libya has a unique political system which seeks to combine socialism, Islam, and the revolutionary philosophy of the country's ruler, Col, Moamer al-Kaddhafi. The 1977 const...

Liechtenstein
Landlocked country in west-central Europe, bounded east by Austria and west by Switzerland. Government The 1921 constitution established a hereditary principality with a single-chamber parliament, the Landtag. The prince is formal and constitutional head of state with powers to nominate the g...

Livonia
One of the former Baltic States, divided in 1918 between the modern states of Estonia and Latvia. Livonia belonged to the Teutonic Knights from the 13th to 16th centuries, to Poland from 1561, Sweden from 1629, and Russia from 1721

Limerick
(county) County of the Republic of Ireland, in the province of Munster; county town Limerick; area 2,690 sq km/1,038 sq mi; population (2002) 175,200. The principal river is the Shannon, and towns include Abbeyfeale, Kilmallock, Newcastle West, and Rathkeale. Limerick is hilly ...

Lin Biao
Chinese communist soldier and politician, deputy leader of the Chinese Communist Party 1969–71. He joined the communists in 1927, became a commander of Mao Zedong's Red Army, and led the Northeast People's Liberation Army after 1945 during the Chinese revolution (1927–49). He became defence minister in 1959, and as vice chair of t...

life sciences
Scientific study of the living world as a whole, a new synthesis of several traditional scientific disciplines including biology, zoology, and botany, and newer, more specialized areas of study such as biophysics and sociobiology. This approach has led to many new ideas and discoveries as well as to an emphasis on ecology, the study of living organ...

limbo
(religion) In Christian theology, a region for the souls of those who were not admitted to the divine vision. Limbus infantum was a place where unbaptized infants enjoyed inferior blessedness, and limbus patrum was where the prophets of the Old Testament d...

Lincs
Abbreviation for Lincolnshire, an English county

LIBOR
Rate of interest at which major banks lend money to each other in the London money market. Banks link their lending to LIBOR as an alternative to the base lending rate when setting the rate for a fixed term, after which the rate may be adjusted. The LIBOR rate is the main benchmark for much of the Eurodollar loan market

limited company
Company for whose debts the ordinary shareholders have liability limited to the nominal value of their shares. The capital of a limited company is divided into small units, and profits are distributed according to shareholding

liege
In the feudal system, the allegiance owed by a vassal to his or her lord (the liege lord)

Limbourg brothers
Franco-Flemish painters, Paul (Pol), Herman, and Jan (Hennequin, Janneken), active in the late 14th and early 15th centuries, first in Paris, then at the ducal court of Burgundy. They produced richly detailed manuscript illuminations, including two Books of Hours. Patronized by Jean de France, duc de Berry, from about 1404, they illustrated two...

Li Peng
Chinese communist politician, a member of the Politburo from 1985, and prime minister 1987–98. A conservative hardliner, during the pro-democracy demonstrations of 1989 he supported the massacre of students by Chinese troops and the subsequent execution of others. He sought improved relations with the USSR and favoured maintaining firm cen...

Liberal Democrats
UK political party of the centre, led since 2007 by Nick Clegg, successor to Menzies Campbell. The UK's third main party, the Liberal Democrats are successors to the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party, which merged in 1998 to form the Social and Liberal Democrats (SLD). The name Libera...

LIFFE
Exchange in London for trading international derivatives, opened in 1982. It merged in 1996 with the London Commodity Exchange and in 1997 joined with the Chicago Board of Trade. In 2001 it was acquired by the pan-European stock exchange Euronext and changed its name to Euronext.liffe. In 2007 Euronext merged with the New York Stock Exchange

library
Collection of information held for common use. The earliest was in Nineveh in Babylonian times. The first public library was opened in Athens in 330 BC. All ancient libraries were reference libraries: books could be consulted but not borrowed. Lending or circulating libraries did not become popul...

listeriosis
Disease of animals that may occasionally infect humans, caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. The bacteria multiply at temperatures close to 0°C/32°F, which means they may flourish in precooked frozen meals if the cooking has not been thorough. Listeriosis causes flulike symptoms and inflammation of the br...

Limousin
Modern administrative region and former province of central France; area 16,942 sq km/6,541 sq mi; population (1999 est) 711,000. The modern region consists of the départements of Corrèze, Creuse, and Haute-Vienne. The administrative centre is the historic capital, Limoges, famous for its porcelain; ...

Limburg
Southernmost province of the Netherlands, bounded by Germany to the east, Belgium to the west and south, and North Brabant to the north; area 2,170 sq km/838 sq mi; population (1997) 1,136,200. The capital is Maastricht, and Kerkrade, Heerlen, and Roermond are other towns. The province includes the Maas (Meuse) and Roer rivers, and feat...

liquefied petroleum gas
Liquid form of butane, propane, or pentane, produced by the distillation of petroleum during oil refining. At room temperature these substances are gases, although they can be easily liquefied and stored under pressure in metal containers. They are used for heating and cooking where other fuels are not available: camping stoves and cigarette li...

Liguria
Click images to enlargeRegion of northwest Italy, lying between the western Alps and the Gulf of Genoa in the Mediterranean, comprising the provinces of Genova, Imperia, La Spezia, and Savona; area 5,421 sq km/2,093 sq mi; population (2001 est) 1,560,800. It is a generally mountainous region, with a steep, nar...

light watt
Unit of radiant power (brightness of light). One light watt is the power required to produce a perceived brightness equal to that of light at a wavelength of 550 nanometres and 680 lumens

listed building
In Britain, a building officially recognized as having historical or architectural interest and therefore legally protected from alteration or demolition. In England the listing is drawn up by the secretary of state for the environment under the advice of the English Heritage organization, which provides various resources for architectural conserva...

life expectancy
Average lifespan that can be presumed of a person at birth. It depends on nutrition, disease control, environmental contaminants, war, stress, and living standards in general. There is a marked difference between industrialized countries, which generally have an ageing population, and the poorest countries, where life expectancy is much shorter. In...

liquefaction
(chemistry) Process of converting a gas to a liquid, normally associated with low temperatures and high pressures (see condensation)

Lindow Man
Remains of an Iron Age man discovered in a peat bog at Lindow Marsh, Cheshire, UK, in 1984. The chemicals in the bog had kept the body in an excellent state of preservation. `Pete Marsh`, as the archaeologists nicknamed him, had been knocked unconscious, strangled, and then had his throat cut before being thrown into the bog. He may have ...

Little Bighorn, Battle of the
Engagement on a tributary of the Bighorn River in Montana, USA, on 25 June 1876, in which Lt-Col George Custer suffered a crushing defeat by Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians, under chiefs Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, and Gall. The battle was the greatest defeat inflicted on the US Army in the Plains Wars. Custer had been sent with the US 7th ...

Lincoln
(USA) Industrial city and capital of Nebraska, 80 km/50 mi southwest of Omaha in the southeastern part of the state; seat of Lancaster County; population (2000 est) 225,600. It is the centre of a rich agricultural area; industries include processed food, railway rolling stock, ...

Little Rock
Largest city and capital of Arkansas, USA, a port of entry on the Arkansas River, 215 km/133 mi west of Memphis, Tennessee; seat of Pulaski County; population (2000 est) 181,100. It is the centre of a rich agricultural, mining, timber, natural gas, and oil region; products include metal goods, oilfield and electronic equipment, valv...

light-dependent resistor
Component of electronic circuits whose resistance varies with the level of illumination on its surface. Usually resistance decreases as illumination increases, as the nature of the material is altered by the presence of light. LDRs are used in light-measuring or light-sensing instruments where light intensity is converted to a digital signa...

lightning conductor
Device that protects a tall building from lightning strike, by providing an easier path for current to flow to earth than through the building. It consists of a thick copper strip of very low resistance connected to the ground below. A good connection to the ground is essential and is made by burying a large metal plate deep in the damp earth. In t...

life
Ability to grow, reproduce, and respond to such stimuli as light, heat, and sound. Life on Earth may have begun about 4 billion years ago when a chemical reaction produced the first organic substance. Over time, life has evolved from primitive single-celled organisms to complex multicellular ones. There are now some 10 million different species...

Little Richard
US rock singer and pianist. He was one of the creators of rock and roll with his wildly uninhibited renditions of `Tutti Frutti` (1956), `Long Tall Sally` (1956), and `Good Golly Miss Molly` (1957). His subsequent career in soul and rhythm and blues was interrupted by periods as a Seventh-Day Adventist cleric

lipid
Any of a large number of esters of fatty acids, commonly formed by the reaction of a fatty acid with glycerol (see glyceride). They are soluble in alcohol but not in water. Lipids are the chief constituents of plant and animal waxes, fats, and oils. Phospholipids are lipids that also contain a phosphate group, usually linked to an organic base;...

linoleum
Floor covering made from linseed oil, tall oil, rosin, cork, woodflour, chalk, clay, and pigments, pressed into sheets with a jute backing. Oxidation of the oil is accelerated by heating, so that the oil mixture solidifies into a tough, resilient material. Linoleum tiles have a backing made of polyester and glass. Linoleum was invented in England i...

libido
In Freudian psychology, the energy of the sex instinct, which is to be found even in a newborn child. The libido develops through a number of phases, described by Sigmund Freud in his theory of infantile sexuality. The source of the libido is the id. The phases of the libido are identified by Freud as the oral stage, when a child tests everything b...

liquefaction
(earth science) In earth science, the conversion of a soft deposit, such as clay, to a jellylike state by severe shaking. During an earthquake buildings and lines of communication built on materials prone to liquefaction will sink and topple. In the Alaskan earthquake of 1964 liquefaction led ...

limiting factor
In biology, any factor affecting the rate of a metabolic reaction. Levels of light or of carbon dioxide are limiting factors in photosynthesis because both are necessary for the production of carbohydrates. In experiments, photosynthesis is observed to slow down and eventually stop as the levels of light decrease. It is believed that the concentrat...

line of best fit
On a scatter diagram, line drawn as near as possible to the various points so as to best represent the trend being graphed. The sums of the displacements of the points on either side of the line should be equal

Lineker, Gary Winston
English footballer and television presenter. He scored over 250 goals in 550 games for Leicester, Everton, Barcelona, and Tottenham. With 48 goals in 80 internationals he failed by one goal to equal Bobby Charlton's record of 49 goals for England. Lineker was voted the Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year in 1986 and 1992, a...

limited liability
Legal safeguard that allows shareholders to be liable for their company's debts only up to and including the value of their shareholding. For example, if a limited liability company goes bankrupt with debts of £1 million, the shareholders are not liable for any of that debt, although the value of their shares in the company would be worthl...

Liao dynasty
Family that ruled part of northeastern China and Manchuria 945–1125 during the Song era. It was founded by cavalry-based Qidan (Khidan) people, Mongolian-speakers who gradually became Sinicized. They were later defeated by the nomadic Juchen (Jurchen) who founded the Jin dynasty. The dynasty had five capitals, and cabinets for the nort...

litotes
The use of understatement for effect (`He is no Einstein` = `He is a bit dim`). It is the opposite of hyperbole

lipase
Enzyme responsible for breaking down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. It is produced by the pancreas and requires a slightly alkaline environment. The products of fat digestion are absorbed by the intestinal wall

Lively, Penelope Margaret
English writer. She has written many novels for children (A Stitch in Time (1976) won the Whitbread Literary Award) and, from 1977, for adults (Moon Tiger (1987) won the Booker Prize). Her fiction is characterized by an absorption in the influence of the past on the present. Born in Cairo, Egypt, Lively was sen...

licensing laws
Legislation governing the sale of alcoholic drinks. In the UK, sales can only be made by pubs, restaurants, shops, and clubs which hold licences obtained from licensing justices. The hours during which alcoholic drinks can be sold are restricted: licensed premises can sell alcohol between 11 a.m. and 11 p.m. Monday to Saturday, and 12 noon to 1...

Liège
(province) Province of eastern Belgium, including the French- and German-speaking communities of the Walloon region, bordered by Germany to the east, the Netherlands to the north, and the provinces of Limbourg, Flemish and Walloon Brabant, Namur, and Luxembourg to the west; area 3,...

Limnos
Greek name for Lemnos

listening
Communication skill that involves hearing and interpreting received verbal information. Skilled listeners can pay attention to what others say and respond appropriately. A good listener will concentrate on what the speaker is saying and show interest by making eye contact, by nodding or shaking the head, and by verbal encouragement. Other listening...

line
In mathematics, a figure produced by joining two or more points in order. The mid-point of any line may be found by construction of a perpendicular bisector or by measurement

Little Karoo
Smaller and more southerly of two areas of the Karoo, a semi-desert region in South Africa

liturgical worship
In the Christian religion, acts of public worship set out in an authorized liturgy, or pattern of service. Liturgies are often very formal, elaborate, and colourful, and include many rituals. The same prayers will be said on each occasion, although there may be time set aside for free or private prayer. Worshippers become familiar with the services...

linear function
In its simplest context, a transformation such as y = mx that may be depicted as a line through the origin. More generally, a transformation T defined on a vector space with the property that: T(αx + βy) = ^...

Ljubljana
Capital and industrial city of Slovenia, near the confluence of the rivers Ljubljanica and Sava; population (2002) 275,300. Products include textiles, chemicals, paper, and leather goods. It has a nuclear research centre and is linked with southern Austria by the Karawanken road tunnel under the Alps (1979–83). History Founded by the Roman...

llama
Click images to enlargeSouth American even-toed hoofed mammal belonging to the camel family, about 1.2 m/4 ft high at the shoulder. Llamas can be white, brown, or dark, sometimes with spots or patches. They are very hardy, and require little food or water. They spit when annoyed. (Species Lama glama
Llewelyn I
Prince of Wales from 1194. He extended his rule to all Wales not in Norman hands, driving the English from northern Wales in 1212, and taking Shrewsbury in 1215. During the early part of Henry III's reign, he was several times attacked by English armies. He was married to Joanna, the illegitimate...

Lloyd, Harold
(Clayton) US film comedian. One of the most popular actors of the 1920s, he performed daring stunts in cliffhanger serials. He appeared from 1913 in silent and talking films. His silent films include Grandma's Boy (1922), Safety Last (1923), and