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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

muricate
Rough on the surface due to minute, short, hard outgrowths of the epidermis (tubercules). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

muriculate
Rough with minute, short, hard points. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

muridae
A family of the order rodentia containing 250 genera including the two genera mus and rattus, from which the laboratory inbred strains are developed. The fifteen subfamilies are hesperomyinae (new world mice and rats), cricetinae, spalacinae, myospalacinae, lophiomyinae, platacanthomyinae, nesomyinae, otomyinae, rhizomyinae, microtinae (arvicolinae …

murine
Pertaining to mice. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

murine hepatitis
Synonym for mouse hepatitis ... A form of hepatitis in mice due to synergism between the mouse hepatitis virus and Eperythrozoon coccoides. ... Synonym: murine hepatitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

murine leprosy
Synonym for rat leprosy ... A slowly but progressively fatal form of leprosy occurring in rats, caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium; it appears in two forms, glandular and musculocutaneous; causes induration, alopecia, and eventually ulceration. ... Synonym: mouse leprosy, murine leprosy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

murine leukaemia
A leukaemic disorder of mice caused by a number of different type C retroviruses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

murine leukaemia virus
<virology> A group of type C retroviruses infecting mice and causing in some strains lymphatic leukaemia after a long latent period. Nearly all are replication competemt and v onc minus. ... See: Abelson leukaemia virus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

murine sarcoma virus
A seemingly defective retrovirus that produces sarcomas in mice when growing in the presence of a 'helper' virus; e.g., mouse leukaemia virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

murine typhus
An acute infectious disease with fever, headache, and rash, all quite similar to, but milder than, epidemic typhus, caused by a related microoganism, rickettsia typhi (mooseri), transmitted to humans by rat fleas (xenopsylla cheopis). The animal reservoir includes rats, mice and other rodents. Murine typhus occurs sporadically worldwide but is more …

murmur
A finding on physical examination of the heart that can, in some cases, indicate the presence of cardiac disease. Murmurs result from vibrations set up in the bloodstream and the surrounding heart and great vessels as the result of turbulent flow. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

muromegalovirus
A genus of the family herpesviridae, subfamily betaherpesvirinae, causing infection involving several organs in mice and other animals. Murid (beta) herpes virus 1 is the type species. Possible other species affected include the pig, horse, rat, and guinea pig. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muromonab-CD3
<chemical> Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody that exerts immunosuppressive effects by inducing peripheral T-cell depletion and modulation of the T-cell receptor complex (CD3/ti). This biochemically purified IgG immunoglobulin is obtained through the fusion of mouse myeloma cells to lymphocytes from immunised animals to produce hybridomas that secr …

Murphy drip
Synonym for proctoclysis ... Slow continuous administration of saline solution by instillation into the rectum and sigmoid colon. ... Synonym: Murphy drip, rectoclysis. ... Origin: procto-+ G. Klysis, a washing out ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Murphy, John
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1857-1916. ... See: Murphy drip, Murphy's button, Murphy's percussion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Murphy's button
An obsolete appliance formerly used for intestinal anastomosis; it consists of two hollow cylinders, one of which is sutured into each open end of the intestine; the two are then joined and fasten automatically, maintaining the two ends of intestine in apposition by their serous surfaces; after firm union has occurred the cylinders slough away and …

Murphy's percussion
Examination for dullness by striking the chest wall directly with the fingertips of one hand successively, beginning with the fifth finger. ... Synonym: piano percussion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Murphy's sign
<clinical sign> Pain on palpation of the right subcostal area during inspiration frequently associated with acute cholecystitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Murray Valley encephalitis
A severe encephalitis with a high mortality rate occurring in the Murray Valley of Australia; the disease is most severe in children and is characterised by headache, fever, malaise, drowsiness or convulsions, and rigidity of the neck; extensive brain damage may result; it is caused by the Murray Valley encephalitis virus (genus Flavivirus). ... Syn …

Murray Valley encephalitis virus
A group B arbovirus of the genus Flavivirus that causes Murray Valley encephalitis; it is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, and also infects birds and horses. ... Synonym: Australian X disease virus, MVE virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Murray Valley rash
Synonym for epidemic polyarthritis ... A mild febrile illness of humans in Australia characterised by polyarthralgia and rash, caused by the Ross River virus, a member of the family Togaviridae, and transmitted by mosquitoes. ... Synonym: epidemic exanthema, Murray Valley rash, Ross River fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

murre
<ornithology> Any one of several species of sea birds of the genus Uria, or Catarractes; a guillemot. ... The murres are allied to the auks, and are abundant on the northern coasts of Europe and America. They often breed in large communities on the projecting ledges of precipituous cliffs, laying one or two large eggs on the bare rocks. ... Sou …

murrhine
Made of the stone or material called by the Romans murrha; applied to certain costly vases of great beauty and delicacy used by the luxurious in Rome as wine cups; as, murrhine vases, cups, vessels. Murrhine glass, glassware made in imitation of murrhine vases and cups. ... Origin: L. Murrhinus, fr. Murrha: cf. F. Murrhin. ... Source: Websters Dictio …

murrina
A disease of horses, mules, and burros in Panama caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma evansi and characterised by emaciation, weakness, anaemia, oedema, ecchymotic conjunctivitis, fever, and paralysis of the hind legs. ... Origin: Fr. Morine; Sp. Morrina, cattle plague, prob. Fr. L. Morior, to die ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Murutucu virus
A C group mosquito-borne virus of the genus Bunyavirus, which has caused undifferentiated type fever in Brazil and French Guiana. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mus musculus
House mouse. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

musa
Origin: NL, fr. Ar. Mauz, mauza, banana. ... <botany> A genus of perennial, herbaceous, endogenous plants of great size, including the banana (Musa sapientum), the plantain (M. Paradisiaca of Linnaeus, but probably not a distinct species), the Abyssinian (M. Ensete), the Philippine Island (M. Textilis, which yields Manila hemp), and about eigh …

musca
Origin: L, a fly. ... 1. <zoology> A genus of dipterous insects, including the common house fly, and numerous allied species. ... Formerly, a large part of the Diptera were included under the genus Musca. ... 2. <astronomy> A small constellation situated between the Southern Cross and the Pole. Muscae volitantes . [L, flying flies. ... < …

muscadine
1. <botany> A name given to several very different kinds of grapes, but in America used chiefly for the scuppernong, or southern fox grape, which is said to be the parent stock of the Catawba. See Grapevine. ... 2. <botany> A fragrant and delicious pear. ... 3. <zoology> See Muscardin. ... <botany> Northern muscadine, a Europea …

muscae volitantes
Floaters;appearance of moving spots before the eyes, arising from remnants of the embryologic hyaloid vascular system in the vitreous humor. ... Origin: L. Pl. Of musca, fly; pres. Ppl. Of volito, to fly to and fro ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscarine
Toxin (alkaloid) from the mushroom Amanita muscaria (Fly Agaric) that binds to (muscarinic) acetylcholine receptors. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

muscarinic
1. Having a muscarine-like action, i.e., producing effects that resemble postganglionic parasympathetic stimulation. ... 2. An agent that stimulates the postganglionic parasympathetic receptor. ... See: muscarine, nicotinic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Distinct from the nicotinic ACh receptor in having no intrinsic ion channel, the receptor is formed from one protein chain with 7 transmembrane regions. The receptors produce their effect via activation of GTP-binding proteins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

muscarinic agonist
Drugs that bind to and activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors (receptors, muscarinic). Muscarinic agonists are most commonly used when it is desirable to increase smooth muscle tone, especially in the GI tract, urinary bladder and the eye. They may also be used to reduce heart rate. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscarinic antagonist
Drugs which bind with muscarinic cholinergic receptors but do not activate them, thus preventing access to acetylcholine; examples include atropine, scopolamine, propantheline, and pirenzepine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscarinic antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors (receptors, muscarinic), thereby blocking the actions of endogenous acetycholine or exogenous agonists. Muscarinic antagonists have widespread effects including actions on the iris and ciliary muscle of the eye, the heart and blood vessels, secretions of the respiratory tract, …

muscarinic receptor kinase
<enzyme> Phosphorylates muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and beta-adrenergic receptors ... Registry number: EC 2.7.- ... Synonym: muscarinic acetylcholine receptor kinase, machr kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

muscarinic receptors
Membrane-bound proteins whose extracellular domain contains a recognition site for acetylcholine (ACh); combination of Ach with the receptor initiates a physiologic change (slowing of heart rate, increased glandular secretory activity and stimulation of smooth muscle contractions); changes are observed after treatment with the mushroom alkaloid, mu …

muscarinism
Synonym for mycetism ... Mushroom poisoning, characterised by gastrointestinal upset, liver andkidney damage, central nervous system effects and damage, and possiblydeath. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

muscicide
An agent destructive to flies. ... Origin: L. Musca, fly, + caedo, to kill ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscidae
A family of the order diptera with over 700 species. The genera are musca domesticus (houseflies), musca autumnalis (face fly), stomoxys (stable fly), haematobia (horn fly), glossina spp. (tsetse flies), and fannia. Both sexes of the stable fly, horn fly and tsetse fly bite. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscimol
<chemical> 5-(aminomethyl)-3-isoxazolol. Neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from amanita muscaria and a. Phalloides and also obtained by decarboxylation of ibotenic acid. It is a potent agonist at gaba-a receptors and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies. ... Pharmacological action: gaba agonists. ... Chemical name: 3( …

muscle
<anatomy> Tissue specialised for contraction. See twitch muscle, catch muscle: Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is a striated but involuntary muscle responsible for the pumping activity of the vertebrate heart. The individual muscle cells are joined through a junctional complex known as the intercalated disc and are not fused together into multi …

muscle biopsy
Synonym for biopsy, muscle ... <investigation, procedure, surgery> A procedure which involves the removal of a small specimen of muscle tissue for microscopic analysis. ... A muscle biopsy is used to distinguish between neurological and myopathic (muscle disease) disorders, identify muscular dystrophy, diagnose muscle infections and identify co …

muscle bundle
A group of muscle fibres ensheathed by connective tissue (perimysium). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle cell
<cell biology, pathology> Cell of muscle tissue, in striated (skeletal) muscle it comprises a syncytium formed by the fusion of embryonic myoblasts, in cardiac muscle a cell linked to the others by specialise d junctional complexes (intercalated discs), in smooth muscle a single cell with large amounts of actin and myosin capable of contracti …

muscle contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscle curve
Synonym for myogram ... <investigation, physiology> A test which measures muscle response to nerve stimulation. ... Used to evaluate muscle weakness and to determine if the weakness is related to the muscles themselves or a problem with the nerves that supply the muscles. ... Abnormal results may be seen in myasthenia gravis, polymyositis, carpa …

muscle denervation
The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscle epithelium
Synonym for myoepithelium ... Spindle-shaped, contractile, smooth muscle-like cells of epithelial origin that are arranged longitudinally or obliquely around sweat glands and the secretory alveoli of the mammary gland; stellate myoepithelial cells occur around lacrimal and some salivary gland secretory units. ... Synonym: muscle epithelium. ... Origin …

muscle fascicle
A bundle of muscle fibres surrounded by perimysium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle fatigue
<physiology> A condition resulting from prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle. ... Studies during prolonged submaximal exercise have shown that muscle fatigue increases in a near direct proportion to the rate of muscle glycogen depletion. Muscle fatigue in short-term maximal exercise is associated with oxygen deprivation and an increase …

muscle fibre
<pathology> Component of a skeletal muscle comprising a single syncytial cell that contains myofibrils. ... Any of the cells of skeletal or cardiac muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle fibres are cylindrical multinucleate cells containing contracting myofibrils, across which run transverse striations, enclosed in a sarcolemma. Cardiac muscle fibres …

muscle haemoglobin
Synonym for myoglobin ... <physiology> Protein (17.5 kD) found in red skeletal muscle. It was the first protein for which the tertiary structure was determined by X-ray diffraction, by J.C.Kendrew's group working on sperm whale myoglobin. ... It is a single polypeptide chain of 153 amino acids, containing a haem group bonded via its ferric iron …

muscle hypertonia
<neurology, physiology> Abnormal increase in muscle tone. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscle hypotonia
<neurology, physiology> A diminution of the skeletal muscle tone with a diminished resistance to passive stretching. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscle of antitragus
Synonym for antitragicus muscle ... <anatomy> A band of transverse muscular fibres on the outer surface of the antitragus, arising from the border of the intertragic notch and inserted into the anthelix and cauda helicis. ... Synonym: musculus antitragicus, muscle of antitragus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle of heart
Synonym for cardiac muscle ... muscle ...

muscle of notch of helix
An occasional muscle on the cranial surface of the auricle spanning the antitragohelicine fissure. ... Synonym: musculus incisurae helicis, musculus intertragicus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle of tragus
Synonym for tragicus muscle ... <anatomy> A band of vertical muscular fibres on the outer surface of the tragus of the ear. ... Synonym: musculus tragicus, muscle of tragus, Valsalva's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle of uvula
Synonym for uvulae ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, posterior nasal spine; insertion, forms chief bulk of the uvula; action, raises the uvula; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus. ... Synonym: musculus uvulae, muscle of uvula, musculus azygos uvulae, palatouvularis muscle, uvularis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle phosphorylase deficiency
Type V glycogen storage disease, affecting muscle, caused by deficiency of muscle phosphorylase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle plasma
An alkaline fluid in muscle that is spontaneously coagulable, separating into myosin and muscle serum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle plate
Synonym for myotome ... <anatomy> A muscular segment; one of the zones into which the muscles of the trunk, especially in fishes, are divided; a myocomma. ... One of the embryonic muscular segments arising from the protovertebrae; also, one of the protovertebrae themselves. ... The muscular system of one metamere of an articulate. ... See: Myotom …

muscle proteins
The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being actins and myosin. More than a dozen accessary proteins exist including troponin, tropomyosin, and dystrophin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscle relaxant
<pharmacology> An agent that specifically AIDS in reducing muscle tension, as those acting at the polysynaptic neurons of motor nerves (for example meprobamate) or at the myoneural junction (curare and related compounds). ... Origin: L. Relaxare = to loosen ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

muscle relaxants, central
A heterogeneous group of drugs used to produce muscle relaxation, excepting the neuromuscular blocking agents. They have their primary clinical and therapeutic uses in the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. They have been used also for th …

muscle relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscle repositioning
The surgical replacement of a muscle attachment into a more functional position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle resection
Shortening of the tendon of the ocular muscle in strabismus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle rigidity
Continuous tonic contraction of skeletal muscle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscle serum
The fluid remaining after the coagulation of muscle plasma and the separation of myosin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle sound
A fine murmur heard on auscultation over the belly of a contracting muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle spasm
<physiology> Painful involuntary muscle contractions. Often seen in skeletal muscle after acute injury (muscle strain). ... (07 Apr 1998) ...

muscle spasticity
A combination of the symptoms of increased resistance to lengthening, hyperactive tendon reflexes, and clonus. Muscle spasticity occurs in hemiplegia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscle spindle
A specialised muscle fibre found in tetrapod vertebrates. A bundle of muscle fibres is innervated by sensory neurons. Stretching the muscle causes the neurons to fire, the muscle spindle thus functions as a stretch receptor. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

muscle spindles
Mechanoreceptors found between skeletal muscle fibres. Muscle spindles are arranged in parallel with muscle fibres and respond to the passive stretch of the muscle, but cease to discharge if the muscle contracts isotonically, thus signaling muscle length. The muscle spindles are the receptors responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (reflex, …

muscle strain
An acute tearing injury to muscle. Usually associated with a small amount of bleeding (haematoma) into the injured muscle tissue. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

muscle tension headache
A benign form of headache that results from the painful spasm (muscle tightness) and inflammation of muscles of the head and neck. Tension headache is one of the most common forms of headache. Spasm and contraction of the head and neck muscles may occur in response to fatigue, overuse, eye strain, excessive smoking, stress, anxiety or depression. S …

muscle tonus
The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch. In skeletal muscle, tonus is dependent upon efferent innervation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscle weakness
A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterised as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscle-bound
Denoting a condition in which individual muscles are overdeveloped but dyssynergic in concerted action. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle-tendon attachment
The union of a muscle and tendon fibre in which sarcolemma intervenes between the two; the end of the muscle fibre may be rounded, conical, or tapered. ... Synonym: muscle-tendon junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle-tendon junction
Synonym for muscle-tendon attachment ... The union of a muscle and tendon fibre in which sarcolemma intervenes between the two; the end of the muscle fibre may be rounded, conical, or tapered. ... Synonym: muscle-tendon junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle-trimming
Synonym for border molding ... The shaping of an impression material by the manipulation or action of the tissues adjacent to the borders of an impression. ... Synonym: muscle-trimming, tissue molding, tissue-trimming. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscle, adductor
Any muscle that pulls inward toward the midline of the body. For example, the adductor muscles of the leg serve to pull the legs together. The opposite of adductor is abductor. To keep these similar sounding terms straight, medical students learn to speak of a b ductors versus a d ductors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscle, central core disease of
One of the conditions that produces 'floppy baby' syndrome. Ccd causes hypotonia (inadequately toned muscles characterised by floppiness) in the newborn baby, slowly progressive muscle weakness, and muscle cramps after exercise. Muscle biopsy shows a key diagnostic finding (absent mitochondria in the centre of many type i muscle fibres). Ccd is inh …

muscle, skeletal
Striated muscles having fibres connected at either or both extremities with the bony framework of the body. These are found in appendicular and axial muscles. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscle, smooth
Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibres are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibres and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. ... (12 Dec 1 …

muscle, smooth, vascular
The nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muscles of abdomen
Muscles forming the wall of the abdomen including rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. ... Synonym: musculi abdominis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscles of auditory ossicles
The musculus stapedius and musculus tensor tympani. ... Synonym: musculi ossiculorum auditus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscles of coccyx
The muscles of the coccyx considered as a group, including the musculus coccygeus and the inconstant ventral and dorsal sacrococcygeal muscles. ... Synonym: musculi coccygei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscles of eyeball
Synonym for extraocular muscles ... The voluntary muscles which control eye movement ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

muscles of facial expression
The numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. Nomina Anatomica also includes the buccinator muscle in this group; even though it functions primarily in mastication. ... Synonym: musculi faciales, facial muscles, mimetic muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscles of head
The muscles of expression, of mastication, and the suboccipital muscles in general. ... Synonym: musculi capitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscles of larynx
The intrinsic muscles that regulate the length, position and tension of the vocal cords and adjust the size of the openings between the aryepiglottic folds, the ventricular folds and the vocal folds. ... Synonym: musculi laryngis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscles of mastication
Muscles derived from the first (mandibular) arch used in chewing; all receive innervation from the motor root of the trigeminal nerve via its mandibular division. ... See: masseter muscle, temporalis muscle, lateral pterygoid muscle, medial pterygoid muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscles of neck
The anterolateral muscles of the neck including the platysma, sternocleidomastoid, suprahyoid muscles, infrahyoid muscles, longus colli and scalene muscles. ... Synonym: musculi colli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muscles of the back
The muscles of the back in general, including those attaching the shoulder girdle to the trunk posteriorly, the posterior serratus muscles, and the erector spinae. ... Synonym: musculi dorsi, dorsal muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...