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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome
<syndrome> Multiple submucosal neuromas or neurofibromas of the tongue, lips, and eyelids in young persons; sometimes associated with tumours of the thyroid or adrenal medulla, or with subcutaneous neurofibromatosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple myeloma
<oncology, tumour> See myeloma cell. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

multiple myelomatosis
Synonym for multiple myeloma ... <oncology, tumour> See myeloma cell. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

multiple myositis
The occurrence of multiple foci of acute inflammation in the muscular tissue and overlying skin in various parts of the body, accompanied by fever and other signs of systemic infection. ... See: dermatomyositis. ... Synonym: acute disseminated myositis, pseudotrichinosis, pseudotrichiniasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple neuritis
Synonym for polyneuropathy ... <neurology> A disease process involving a number of peripheral nerves. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (14 Oct 1997) ...

multiple organ failure
A progressive condition usually characterised by combined failure of the lungs, liver, kidney, and clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multiple parasitism
A condition in which parasites of different species parasitise a single host, in contrast to superparasitism or hyperparasitism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple personality
A dissociative disorder in which two or more distinct conscious personality's alternately prevail in the same person, without any personality being aware of the other. ... See: dual personality. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple personality disorder
A dissociative disorder in which the individual adopts two or more distinct personalities. Each personality is a fully integrated and complex unit with memories, behaviour patterns and social friendships. Transition from one personality to another is sudden. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multiple pregnancy
Condition of bearing two or more foetuses simultaneously. ... Synonym: plural pregnancy, polycyesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple renal cysts
<radiology> Adult (autosomal-dominant) polycystic kidney disease, multiple simple cysts, tuberous sclerosis, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, Meckel-Gruber syndrome ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multiple sclerosis
<neurology> Neurodegenerative disease characterised by the gradual accumulation of focal plaques of demyelination particularly in the periventricular areas of the brain. Peripheral nerves are not affected. Onset usually in 3rd or 4th decade with intermittent progression over an extended period. Cause still uncertain. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

multiple serositis
Synonym for polyserositis ... Chronic inflammation with effusions in several serous cavities resulting in fibrous thickening of the serosa and constrictive pericarditis. ... Synonym: Bamberger's disease, Concato's disease, multiple serositis. ... Origin: poly-+ L. Serum, serum, + G. -itis, inflammation ... Familial paroxysmal polyserositis, transient r …

multiple sleep latency test
A test of the propensity to fall asleep, done by performing polysomnography during multiple brief opportunities to sleep. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple stain
<technique> A mixture of several dyes each having an independent selective action on one or more portions of the tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple sulfatase deficiency
An inherited disorder (autosomal recessive) in which there is a failure to hydrolyze sulfatides and sulfated mucopolysaccharides; this failure leads to their accumulation in neural and extraneural tissues causing demyelination, sulfatiduria, facial and skeletal dysmorphism, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple symmetric lipomatosis
Accumulation and progressive enlargement of collections of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous tissue of the head, neck, upper trunk, and upper portions of the upper extremities; seen primarily in adult males and of unknown cause. ... Synonym: Launois-Bensaude syndrome, Madelung's disease, symmetric adenolipomatosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple system atrophy
A name grouping together the four cerebral degenerative diseases of olivopontocerebellar atrophy, shy-drager syndrome, striatonigral degeneration, and one form of parkinson disease, considering them different forms of the same disease process. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multiple trauma
Physical insults or injuries occurring simultaneously in several parts of the body. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multiple vision
polyopia ...

multiplexing
A sequencing approach that uses several pooled samples simultaneously, greatly increasingsequencing speed. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

multiplication
1. The act or process of multiplying, or of increasing in number; the state of being multiplied; as, the multiplication of the human species by natural generation. 'The increase and multiplication of the world.' (Thackeray) ... 2. <mathematics> The process of repeating, or adding to itself, any given number or quantity a certain number of time …

multiplicative division
Reproduction by simultaneous division of a mother cell into a number of daughter cells. If the process occurs without fertilization of the mother cell, or encystment, the daughter cells are called merozoites; if they develop within a cyst, and usually after fertilization, they are called sporozoites. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiplicative growth
Growth by an increase in the number of cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiplicative model
A model in which the joint effect of two or more causes is the product of their effects if they were acting alone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiplier
1. One who, or that which, multiplies or increases number. ... 2. <mathematics> The number by which another number is multiplied. See the Note under Multiplication. ... 3. <physics> An instrument for multiplying or increasing by repetition or accumulation the intensity of a force or action, as heat or electricity. It is particularly used …

multiply
1. To become greater in number; to become numerous. 'When men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them.' (Gen. Vi. 1) ... 2. To increase in extent and influence; to spread. 'The word of God grew and multiplied.' (Acts xii. 24) ... 3. To increase amount of gold or silver by the arts of alchemy. ... 1. To increase in …

multipolar cell
A nerve cell with a number of dendrites arising from the cell body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multipolar mitosis
A pathologic form in which the spindle has three or more poles, resulting in the formation of a corresponding number of nuclei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multipolar neuron
A neuron with several processes, usually an axon and three or more dendrites. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multipotent cell
Progenitor or precursor cell that can give rise to diverse cell types in response to appropriate environmental cues. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

multirooted
Having more than two roots. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multirotation
Synonym for mutarotation ... <chemistry> Name given to the phenomenon that occurs when glucose is dissolved in water. There is an equilibrium that is formed between the open-chain form and the alpha and beta pyranose forms. The beta is the most stable conformation because it puts the -OH in an equatorial position and thus most of the glucose i …

multistage model
A mathematical model, mainly for carcinogenesis, based on the theory that a specific carcinogen may affect one among a number of stages in the development of cancer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multisubstrate
Referring to an enzyme, receptor, or acceptor protein, which requires two or more substrates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multisynaptic
Synonym for polysynaptic ... Referring to neural pathways formed by a chain of a large number of synaptically connected nerve cells, as distinguished from oligosynaptic conduction systems. ... Synonym: multisynaptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multivalent vaccine
Synonym for polyvalent vaccine ... A vaccine prepared from cultures of two or more strains of the same species or microorganism. ... Synonym: multivalent vaccine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multivalve
<marine biology, zoology> Any mollusk which has a shell composed of more than two pieces. ... Origin: Cf. F. Multivalve. ... (19 Mar 1998) ...

multivariate analysis
A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multivariate studies
The use of statistical techniques for the simultaneous investigations of the influence of several variables. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multivesicular bodies
Membrane-bound body's, 0.5 to 1.0 um wide, that occur in the cytoplasm of cells and contain a number of small vesicles; hydrolases (especially acid phosphatase) occur in the matrix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multivesicular body
Secondary lysosome containing many vesicles of around 50 nm diameter. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mummies
Bodies preserved either by the ancient egyptian technique or due to chance under favourable climatic conditions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mummification
Synonym: dry gangrene. ... 2. Shrivelling of a dead, retained foetus. ... 3. In dentistry, treatment of inflamed dental pulp with fixative drugs (usually formaldehyde derivatives) in order to retain teeth so treated for relatively short periods; generally acceptable only for primary (deciduous) teeth. ... Origin: mummy + L. Facio, to make ... (05 Mar 2 …

mummification necrosis
Synonym for dry gangrene ... A form of gangrene in which the involved part is dry and shriveled. ... Synonym: cold gangrene, mummification necrosis, mummification. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mummified pulp
A misnomer for a pulp treated with a formaldehyde derivative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mummy
Origin: F. Momie; cf. Sp. & Pg. Momia, It. Mummia; all fr. Per. Mmiya, fr. Mm wax. ... 1. A dead body embalmed and dried after the manner of the ancient Egyptians; also, a body preserved, by any means, in a dry state, from the process of putrefaction. ... 2. Dried flesh of a mummy. ... 3. A gummy liquor that exudes from embalmed flesh when heated; …

mumps
An infectious acute viral disease affecting the parotid glands. The gonads, meninges and pancreas can also be affected. The causative agent is a paramyxovirus. Humans are the only natural host for this disease. ... Common symptoms include weakness, fever, sore throat, malaise and puffiness to the cheeks (due to parotid gland swelling). Patients are …

mumps immunization
The standard MMR vaccine is given to prevent measles, mumps and rubella (german measles). The mmr vaccine is now given in two dosages. The first should be given at12-15 months of age. The second vaccination should be given at 4-6 years (or, alternatively, 11-12 years) of age. most colleges require proof of a second measles or mmr vaccination prior …

mumps in pregnancy
It has been stated, we believe erroneously, that mumps is dangerous when contracted during pregnancy. For example, vetter (infect med 14:730-733, 1997), citing a single 1980 article, writes: mumps infection during the first trimester of pregnancy can increase the rate of spontaneous abortion. Congenital anomalies associated with mumps infection dur …

mumps meningoencephalitis
A usually benign nervous system infection arising during the active phase of clinical mumps parotiditis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mumps orchitis
<pathology> A mumps infection that has affected the testicles. Approximately 20-35% of postpubertal males with mumps will develop this complication. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

mumps sensitivity test
A skin test for sensitivity to mumps, in which inactivated mumps virus is used as antigen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mumps skin test antigen
A sterile suspension of killed mumps virus in isotonic sodium chloride solution, used to determine susceptibility to mumps or to confirm previous exposure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mumps vaccine
A live attenuated virus vaccine of chick embryo origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of adolescents and adults who have not had mumps or been immunised with live mumps vaccine. Children are usually immunised with measles-mumps-rubella combinatiom vaccine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mumps virus
The type species of rubulavirus that causes an acute infectious disease in humans, affecting mainly children. Transmission occurs by droplet infection. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mumps virus vaccine
Vaccine containing live, attenuated mumps virus prepared in chick embryo cell cultures. ... See: measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mumu fever
Samoan term for elephantoid fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

munchausen syndrome
<syndrome> A factitious disorder characterised by habitual presentation for hospital treatment of an apparent acute illness, the patient giving a plausible and dramatic history, all of which is false. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

munchausen syndrome by proxy
A phenomenon in which symptoms of a disease are fabricated by an individual other than the patient causing unnecessary, and often painful, physical examinations and treatments. This syndrome is considered a form of child abuse, since another individual, usually a parent, is the source of the fabrication of symptoms and presents the child for medica …

munchhausen syndrome
<syndrome> Recurrent feigning of catastrophic illnesses. Named for the fictitious baron who told tales that were whopping lies. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Munchhausen, Baron Karl F.H. von
<person> German nobleman, soldier, and raconteur, 1720-1797. ... See: Munchausen syndrome, Munchausen syndrome by proxy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mung bean nuclease
Endonuclease S1 (Aspergillus). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

municipal
1. Of or pertaining to a city or a corporation having the right of administering local government; as, municipal rights; municipal officers. ... 2. Of or pertaining to a state, kingdom, or nation. 'Municipal law is properly defined to be a rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a state.' (Blackstone) ... Origin: L. Municipalis, fr. …

municipal government
Urban governmental functions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

municipal hospital
A government hospital administered by city officials. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

municipal solid waste
Garbage. Refuse offering the potential for energy recovery; includes residential, commercial, and institutional wastes. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

munition
1. Fortification; stronghold. 'His place of defense shall be the munitions of rocks.' (Is. Xxxiii. 16) ... 2. Whatever materials are used in war for drfense or for annoying an enemy; ammunition; also, stores and provisions; military stores of all kinds. 'The bodies of men, munition, and money, may justly be called the sinews of war.' (Sir W. Raleigh …

Munro, John
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1858-1910. ... See: Munro's point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Munro, William
<person> 19th century Australian dermatologist. ... See: Munro's abscess, Munro's microabscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Munro's abscess
Synonym for Munro's microabscess ... A microscopic collection of polymorphonuclear leukocytes found in the stratum corneum in psoriasis. ... Synonym: Munro's abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Munro's microabscess
A microscopic collection of polymorphonuclear leukocytes found in the stratum corneum in psoriasis. ... Synonym: Munro's abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Munro's point
A point at the right edge of the rectus abdominis muscle, between the umbilicus and the anterior superior spine of the ilium, where pressure elicits tenderness in appendicitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Munsell, Albert
<person> U.S. Artist, 1858-1918. ... See: Farnsworth-Munsell colour test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Munsell, Hazel
<person> U.S. Chemist, *1891. ... See: Sherman-Munsell unit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Munson's sign
<clinical sign> In keratoconus, the extra bowing of the lower eyelid caused by the misshapen cornea as the eye rotates downward. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muntjacs
A genus, muntiacus, of the deer family (cervidae) comprising six species living in china, tibet, nepal, india, the malay peninsula, and neighboring island countries. They are usually found in forests and areas of dense vegetation, usually not far from water. They emit a deep barklike sound which gives them the name 'barking deer.' if they sense a p …

Munzer, Egmont
<person> Austrian physician, 1865-1924. ... See: tract of Munzer and Wiener. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mupirocin
<chemical> A topically used antibiotic from a strain of pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics. ... Chemi …

mural
1. Of or pertaining to a wall; being on, or in, a wall; growing on, or against, a wall; as, a mural quadrant. 'Mural breach.' . 'Mural fruit.' . ... 2. Resembling a wall; perpendicular or steep; as, a mural precipice. ... <astronomy> Mural circle, a golden crown, or circle of gold indented so as to resemble a battlement, bestowed on him who fir …

mural aneurysm
Synonym for cardiac aneurysm ... Thinning, stretching, and bulging of a weakened ventricular wall, usually as a result of myocardial infarction; rarely postinflammatory or congenital. ... Synonym: mural aneurysm, ventricular aneurysm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mural cell
A nonendothelial cell enclosed within the basement membrane of retinal capillaries. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mural endocarditis
Inflammation of the endocardium involving the walls of the chambers of the heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mural pregnancy
Pregnancy in uterine muscular wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mural thrombosis
The formation of a thrombus in contact with the endocardial lining of a cardiac chamber, or a large blood vessel, if not occlusive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mural thrombus
A thrombus formed on and attached to a diseased patch of endocardium, not on a valve or on one side of a large blood vessel. ... See: parietal thrombus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muramic acid
2-Amino-3-O-(1-carboxyethyl)-2-deoxy-d-glucose;d-Glucosamine and lactate in ether linkage between the 3 and 2 positions, respectively; a constituent of the mureins in bacterial cell walls. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

muramic acids
Compounds consisting of glucosamine and lactate joined by an ether linkage. They occur naturally as n-acetyl derivatives in peptidoglycan, the characteristic polysaccharide composing bacterial cell walls. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

muramidase
Synonym for lysozyme ... <cell biology, enzyme> Glycosidase that hydrolyses the bond between N acetyl muramic acid and N acetyl glucosamine, thus cleaving an important polymer of the cell wall of many bacteria. Present in tears, saliva and in the lysomes of phagocytic cells, it is an important antibacterial defence, particularly against gram-p …

muramyl dipeptide
<protein> Fragment of peptidoglycan from cell wall of mycobacteria that is used as an adjuvant. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

murder
1. To kill with premediated malice; to kill (a human being) willfully, deliberately, and unlawfully. See Murder. ... 2. To destroy; to put an end to. '[Canst thou] murder thy breath in middle of a word?' (Shak) ... 3. To mutilate, spoil, or deform, as if with malice or cruelty; to mangle; as, to murder the king's English. ... Synonym: To kill, assassi …

murderous
Of or pertaining to murder; characterised by, or causing, murder or bloodshed; having the purpose or quality of murder; bloody; sanguinary; as, the murderous king; murderous rapine; murderous intent; a murderous assault. 'Murderous coward.' . Mur'derously. ... Synonym: Bloody, sanguinary, bloodguilty, bloodthirsty, fell, savage, cruel. ... Source: We …

murein
<protein> Cross linked peptidoglycan complex from the inner cell wall of all Eubacteria. Constitutes 50% of the cell wall in gram-negative and 10% in gram-positive organisms and comprises _(1-4) linked N acetyl glucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid extensively cross linked by peptides. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

murein transglycosylase
<enzyme> Converts glycosidic bond between n-acetylmuramic acid and n-acetylglucosamine into an internal 1-6 anhydro n-acetylmuramyl (hemiacetal) bond in an intramolecular transglycosylation reaction ... Registry number: EC 2.4.99.- ... Synonym: murein-murein-6-muramyltransferase (internal cyclizing), soluble lytic transglycosylase, mlt transgly …

mureins
Peptidoglycans composing the sacculus or cell casing of bacteria, consisting of linear polysaccharides of alternating N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid units, to the lactate side chains of which are linked oligopeptides; independent chains are cross-linked in three dimensions via the peptides or the 6-OH groups (the latter may be link …

Muret, Paul-Louis
<person> French physician, *1878. ... See: Quenu-Muret sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

murexide
<chemistry> A crystalline nitrogenous substance having a splendid dichroism, being green by reflected light and garnet-red by transmitted light. It was formerly used in dyeing calico, and was obtained in a large quantities from guano. Formerly ... Synonym: ammonium purpurate. ... Origin: L. Murex the purple fish, purple. ... Source: Websters Dic …

muriate
<chemistry> A salt of muriatic hydrochloric acid; a chloride; as, muriate of ammonia. ... This term, as also the word muriatic, was formerly applied to the chlorides before their true composition was understood, and while they were erroneously supposed to be compounds of an acid with an oxide. Muriate and muriatic are still occasionally used a …

muriatic
<chemistry> Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sea salt, or from chlorine, one of the constituents of sea salt; hydrochloric. Muriatic acid, hydrochloric acid, HCl; formerly called also marine acid, and spirit of salt. See hydrochloric, and the Note under Muriate. ... Origin: L. Muriaticus pickled, from muria brine: cf. F. Muriatique. ... Sou …

muriatic acid
Synonym for hydrochloric acid ... <chemical> Hydrochloric acid. Solutions of hydrogen chloride gas in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is present endogenously as the acid component of gastric juice (hydrochloric acid, gastric see gastric acid). ... Chemical name: Hydrochloric acid …