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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

multi-colony-stimulating factor
Synonym for interleukin-3 ... <cytokine> Product of mitogen activated T-cells: colony-stimulating factor for bone marrow stem cells and mast cells. ... A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and astrocytes which stimulates clonal proliferation and differentiation of various types of blood and tissue cells. …

multi-CSF
<abbreviation> Multi-colony-stimulating factor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multi-infarct dementia
<neurology> This form of dementia is caused by a number of strokes in the brain. ... These strokes can cause specific symptoms, depending on their severity and location and can cause general symptoms of dementia. MID cannot be treated, once the nerve cells die, they cannot be replaced. However, the underlying condition leading to strokes (for …

multi-infection
Mixed infection with two or more varieties of microorganisms developing simultaneously. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multi-institutional systems
Institutional systems consisting of more than one health facility which have cooperative administrative arrangements through merger, affiliation, shared services, or other collective ventures. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multi-locus probe
A probe that hybridizes to anumber of different sites in the genome of an organism. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

multiarticular
Relating to or involving many joints. ... Synonym: polyarthric, polyarticular. ... Origin: multi-+ L. Articulus, joint ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiaxial classification
A procedure used in DSM-III-R for diagnosing patients on five axes: 1) psychiatric syndrome present; 2) patient's history of personality and developmental disorders; 3) possible nonmental medical disorders; 4) severity of psychosocial stressors; 5) highest level of adaptive functioning in the past year. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiaxial joint
One in which movement occurs in a number of axes. ... See: ball-and-socket joint. ... Synonym: polyaxial joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multibacillary
Made up of, or denoting the presence of, many bacilli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multicenter studies
Controlled studies which are planned and carried out by several cooperating institutions to assess certain variables and outcomes in specific patient populations, for example, a multicenter study of congenital anomalies in children. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multicenter study
A controlled study executed by several cooperating institutions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multicentral
Having many, or several, centers; as, a multicentral cell. ... <biology> Multicental development, growth, or development, from several centers. According as the insubordination to a single center is more or less pronounced, the resultant organism will be more or less irregular in form and may even discontinuous. ... Origin: Multi- + central. …

multicentric
Having many centres. A multicentric cancer consists of a primary tumour with satellites of cancerous growth in surrounding tissues. The basis for adjuvant radiation therapy after, for instance, a lumpectomy is to irradiate the satellite tumours, should any exist. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

multicentric reticulohistiocytosis
<radiology> Females, middle age, deposition arthropathy, bilaterally symmetric involvement of hands, soft-tissue swelling, well-circumscribed marginal bony erosions Differential diagnosis: RA -- juxta-articular osteoporosis, DIPs spared, psoriasis -- asymmetric, ill-defined erosions, new bone, gout -- overhanging edges, asymmetric ... (12 Dec …

Multiceps
A genus of taeniid tapeworms in which the larval forms in herbivores occur in the form of a coenurus (multiple scoleces invaginated within a single cyst). ... Origin: multi-+ L. Caput, head ... Multiceps multiceps, a species the mature form of which occurs in the intestines of dogs; the coenurus develops in the brains of herbivorous animals, especial …

multicollinearity
In multiple regression analysis, a situation in which at least some independent variables in a set are highly correlated with each other. ... Origin: multi-+ L. Col-lineo, to line up together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multicore disease
Nonprogressive congenital myopathy characterised by weakness of proximal muscles, multifocal degeneration of the muscle fibres, and eccentric areas of decreased or absent oxidative enzyme activity in muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multicuspid
Synonym for multicuspidate ... 1. Having more than two cusps. ... 2. A molar tooth with three or more cusps or projections on the crown. ... Synonym: multicuspid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multicuspid tooth
Synonym for molar tooth ... A tooth having a somewhat quadrangular crown with four or five cusps on the grinding surface; the root is bifid in the lower jaw, but there are three conical roots in the upper jaw; there are six molars in each jaw, three on either side behind the premolars in the permanent dentition; in the deciduous dentition there are …

multicuspidate
1. Having more than two cusps. ... 2. A molar tooth with three or more cusps or projections on the crown. ... Synonym: multicuspid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multidisciplinary
Of many disciplines. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

multidose
<pharmacology> Occurring in or using multiple doses. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

multidrug resistance
The insensitivity of various tumours to a variety of chemically related anticancer drugs; mediated by a process of inactivating the drug or removing it from the target tumour cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multidrug transporter
Closely related family (ABC transporters) of integral membrane glycoproteins that export a variety of solutes from the cytoplasm. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

multienzyme
Referring to several enzymes; e.g., multienzyme complex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multienzyme complex
Cluster of distinct enzymes catalysing consecutive reactions of a metabolic pathway, that remain physically associated through purification procedures. Multifunctional enzymes, found in eukaryotes, are a somewhat different phenomenon, since the several enzymic activities are associated with different domains of a single polypeptide. ... (18 Nov 1997 …

multienzyme complexes
Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates; may involve simply a transfer of water molecules of hydrogen atoms or be associated with large supramolecular structures such as mitochondria or ribosomes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multienzyme system
A group of related enzymes that operate in a particular metabolic pathway. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

multifactorial
Referring to multiple factors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multifactorial inheritance
Type of hereditary pattern seen with a combination of genetic factors, sometimes with environmental influence. Skin colour, for example, is multifactorially determined. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multifarious
1. Having multiplicity; having great diversity or variety; of various kinds; diversified; made up of many differing parts; manifold. 'There is a multifarious artifice in the structure of the meanest animal.' (Dr. H. More) ... 2. <botany> Having parts, as leaves, arranged in many vertical rows. ... Origin: L. Multifarius; multus much, many. Cf. …

multifetation
Synonym for superfetation ... <physiology> The formation of a foetus at the result of an impregnation occurring after another impregnation but before the birth of the offspring produced by it. This is possible only when there is a double uterus, or where menstruation persists up to the time of the second impregnation. 'In then became a superfe …

multifidus
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, from the sacrum, sacroiliac ligament, mamillary processes of the lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, and articular processes of last four cervical vertebrae; insertion, into the spinous processes of all the vertebrae up to and including the axis; action, rotates vertebral column; nerve suppl …

multifocal
Arising from or pertaining to many locations. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

multifocal atrial tachycardia
A rapid heart rate that is generated from multiple locations within the atria. Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) tends to be in the range of 100 to 180 beats per minute. MAT can be seen in association with COPD, pneumonia, CHF, lung cancer, diabetes, pulmonary embolism, theophylline toxicity, coronary artery disease or digoxin toxicity. ... Origin …

multifocal choroiditis
Macular, peripapillary, and peripheral choroiditis, often designated presumed ocular histoplasmosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multifocal lens
A lens with segments providing two or more powers; commonly, a trifocal lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multifocal osteitis fibrosa
Synonym for polyostotic fibrous dysplasia ... The occurrence of lesions of fibrous dysplasia in multiple bones, commonly on one side of the body; may occur with areas of pigmentation and endocrine dysfunction (McCune-Albright syndrome). ... Synonym: multifocal osteitis fibrosa, osteitis fibrosa disseminata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiform
Synonym for polymorphic ... <biology> Occurring in several or many forms, appearing in different forms at different stages of development. ... Origin: Gr. Morph = form ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

multiform layer
Synonym for fusiform layer ... Layer 6 of the cortex cerebri. ... Synonym: multiform layer, polymorphous layer, spindle-celled layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiformat camera
Photographic or laser printer for recording a variable number of video images on a sheet of film, as in computed tomography or ultrasound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multigene family
Synonym for gene family ... <molecular biology> A set of genes coding for diverse proteins which, by virtue of their high degree of sequence similarity, are believed to have evolved from a single ancestral gene. An example is the immunoglobulin family where the characteristic features of the constant domains are found in various cell surface r …

multigeneration study
Toxicity test in which at least 3 generations of the test organisms are exposed to the substance being assessed. Exposure is usually continuous. ... Any medical study which follows a family of people through several generations. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

multigenic
<genetics> An hereditary characteristic that is specified by several genes. ... Origin: Gr. Gennan = to produce ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

multiglandular
Synonym for pluriglandular ... Denoting several glands or their secretions. ... Synonym: multiglandular, polyglandular. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multigravida
A pregnant woman who has been pregnant one or more times previously. ... Origin: multi-+ L. Gravida, pregnant ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multilamellar body
Synonym for cytosome ... <cell biology> A specialised region of various protozoans in which phagocytosis is likely to occur. ... Often there is a clear concentration of microtubules or/and microfilaments in the region of the cytostome. In ciliates there may be a specialised arrangement of cilia around the cytostome. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

multilingualism
The ability to speak, read, or write several languages or many languages with some facility. Bilingualism is the most common form. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multilobar
Multilobatemultilobed ... Having several lobes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multilobular
Having many lobules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multilocal
Denoting traits with an aetiology comprising effects of multiple genetic loci operating together and simultaneously. ... Compare: galtonian. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multilocal genetics
Synonym for Galtonian-Fisher genetics ... The genetics of measurable traits determined by multiple loci which make contributions that are independent, additive, and approximately equal. ... Synonym: multilocal genetics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multilocular
Many-celled; having many compartments or loculi. ... Synonym: plurilocular. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multilocular adipose tissue
Synonym for brown fat ... A thermogenic type of adipose tissue containing a dark pigment, and arising during embryonic life in certain specific areas in many mammals, including man. It is prominent in the newborn of all species in which it occurs and remains a distinct and conspicuous tissue in the adults of certain species, especially those that hi …

multilocular cyst
A cyst containing several compartments formed by membranous septa. ... Synonym: compound cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multilocular cystic nephroma
<radiology> Cystic hamartoma, cystadenoma, congenital, usually benign, multiple small, noncommunicating cysts in single renal mass, usually large (mean 10 cm), with or without calcification, 50% detected in childhood, remainder in older adults, kids: M more than F, adults: F more than M ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multilocular fat
Synonym for brown fat ... A thermogenic type of adipose tissue containing a dark pigment, and arising during embryonic life in certain specific areas in many mammals, including man. It is prominent in the newborn of all species in which it occurs and remains a distinct and conspicuous tissue in the adults of certain species, especially those that hi …

multilocular hydatid cyst
Synonym for alveolar hydatid cyst ... A hydatid cyst of a multiloculate type, usually in the liver, caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, adults of which are in foxes; larvae (alveolar hydatid) are found chiefly in microtine rodents, but also among humans such as trappers and others handling pelts of infected foxes and other carnivores; growth is b …

multimammae
Synonym: polymastia. ... Origin: multi-+ L. Mamma, breast ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multimammate mouse
An African rodent, Praomys natalensis, widely used in cancer research. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multimedia
Materials, frequently computer applications, that combine some or all of text, sound, graphics, animation, and video into integrated packages. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multinodal
Having many nodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multinodular
Multinodulate ... Having many nodules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multinodular goiter
<radiology> Middle-aged females, enlarged thyroid, multiple cold, warm and hot areas, may be mimicked by thyroiditis ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multinomial distribution
Probability distribution associated with the classification of each of a sample of individuals into one of several mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multinuclear leukocyte
Synonym for polymorphonuclear leukocyte ... Small, actively motile white blood cells containing many lysosomes and specialising in phagocytosis. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

multinucleosis
Synonym for polynucleosis ... The presence of numbers of polynuclear, or multinuclear, cells in the peripheral blood. ... Synonym: multinucleosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multipain
<protein> ATP dependent protease (500 kD) isolated from the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle. May form a complex with the 20S proteasome to form a 26S like particle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

multipara
A woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies resulting in potentially viable offspring. A woman who is para III has had 3 such pregnancies. A woman who is para vi or more is called a grand multipara. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multiparity
Condition of being a multipara. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiparous
1. <obstetrics> Having had two or more pregnancies which resulted in viable foetuses. ... 2. Producing several ova or offspring at one time. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

multipartial
Polyvalent, with respect to an antiserum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multipennate muscle
<anatomy> A muscle with several central tendons toward which the muscle fibres converge like the barbs of feathers. ... Synonym: musculus multipennatus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiphasic screening
The simultaneous use of multiple laboratory procedures for the detection of various diseases. These are usually performed on groups of people. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multiple
Manifold, occurring in or affecting various parts of the body at once. ... Origin: L. Multiplex ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

multiple alcohol
An alcohol containing more than one OH group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple amputation
Amputation of two or more limbs or parts of limbs performed at the same operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple anchorage
Anchorage in which more than one type of resistance unit is utilised. ... Synonym: reinforced anchorage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple birth offspring
The offspring in multiple pregnancies (pregnancy, multiple): twins, triplets, quadruplets, quintuplets, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multiple carboxylase deficiency
Abnormalities in carbohydrate and branched-chain amino acid catabolism that are responsive to biotin therapy. It may be due to deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, biotinidase, or propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and pyruvate carboxylase. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multiple cloning site
Synonym for polycloning site ... Region of a phage or plasmid vector that has been engineered to contain a series of restriction sites that are usually unique within the entire vector. This makes it particularly easy to insert or excise (subclone) DNA fragments. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

multiple ego states
Various psychological organizational state's reflecting different personas or life experiences. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple embolism
Embolism caused by the arrest of a number of small emboli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple endocrine adenomatosis
Synonym for familial multiple endocrine adenomatosis ... The presence of functioning tumours in more than one endocrine gland, commonly the pancreatic islets and parathyroid glands, which may be associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; dominant inheritance. ... Synonym: multiple endocrine adenomatosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple endocrine neoplasia
(type I) This is a hereditary disorder in which two or more of the following glands: parathyroid, pancreas, pituitary, adrenals or thyroid develop hyperplasia or a tumour. ... (type II) This is a hereditary disorder in which two or more of the following glands: thyroid, adrenal or parathyroid, develop overgrowth (hyperplasia) or malignant cells (can …

multiple endocrine neoplasia 1
<radiology> Multiple endrocrine neoplasia syndrome three P's. ... Pituitary adenoma, 65% can develop Cushing's, acromegaly, prolactinoma, parathyroid hyperplasia / adenoma, 88% can develop hyper-PTH ... pancreatic isleT-cell tumour, gastrinoma (Z-E) most common, 50% of Z-E can develop MEN-1, inconstant features: bronchial/intestinal carcinoid, …

multiple endocrine neoplasia 2
<radiology> Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, medullary thyroid carcinoma, usually multifocal; metastasis to local nodes, lung, liver, usually calcify in liver, pheochromocytoma, almost always bilateral, parathyroid hyperplasia, may be secondary to calcitonin secreted by medullary thyroid carcinoma inconstant feature: adrenal cortical hy …

multiple endocrine neoplasia 3
<radiology> Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (type 2B, type 3), medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, marfanoid habitus (Cf: Marfan syndrome), mucosal neuromas, neurofibromas, ganglioneuromatosis coli More info: MEN syndrome 2B ... Synonym: Schimke, marfanoid syndrome ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
A rare syndrome characterised by hyperplasia and/or neoplasms of the pituitary, parathyroid glands, and pancreatic islets. Hyperparathyroidism occurs in 90% of the cases and is usually the first manifestation of the syndrome. The most frequent pancreatic manifestation is gastrinoma typically leading to zollinger-ellison syndrome. The appearance of …

multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
Synonym for Sipple's syndrome ... <syndrome> This is a hereditary disorder in which two or more of the following glands: thyroid, adrenal or parathyroid, develop overgrowth (hyperplasia) or malignant cells (cancer). The underlying cause is genetic and a positive family history for this illness is a risk factor. ... Incidence: approximately 3 in …

multiple epiphysial dysplasia
A dominantly inherited abnormality of epiphyses characterised by difficulty in walking, pain and stiffness of joints, stubby fingers, and often dwarfism of short-limb type; on X-ray examination, the epiphyses are mottled and irregular; ossification centres are late in appearance and may be multiple, but the vertebrae are normal. There is also an au …

multiple exostosis
Synonym for hereditary multiple exostoses ... A disturbance of enchondral bone growth in which multiple, generally benign osteochondromas of long bones appear during childhood, commonly with shortening of the radius and fibula; the ill-effects are usually mechanical but malignant change is rare; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Synonym: diaphysial …

multiple fission
Division of the nucleus, simultaneously or successively, into a number of daughter nuclei, followed by division of the cell body into an equal number of parts, each containing a nucleus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple fracture
Fracture at two or more places in a bone. ... See: segmental fracture. ... Fracture of several bones occurring simultaneously. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple gestation
<radiology> Incidence: 1% of all births, twins in 1:85; triplets in 1:85x85; etc, uterus large for dates, may have elevated hCG, hPL, and aFP, at risk for IUGR: monochorionic-monoamniotic more than , monochorionic-diamniotic more than , dichorionic-diamniotic findings: 2 placentas indicate dichorionic-diamniotic, 1 placenta indicates monochor …

multiple hamartoma syndrome
Synonym for Cowden's disease ... Hypertrichosis and gingival fibromatosis from infancy, accompanied by postpubertal fibroadenomatous breast enlargement; papules of the face are characteristic of multiple trichilemmomas. ... Synonym: multiple hamartoma syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

multiple infection
<epidemiology> An infection in which an individual is infected by parasites of more than one species. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

multiple intestinal polyposis
Begins usually in late childhood; polyps increase in numbers, causing symptoms of chronic colitis, and carcinoma of the colon almost invariably develops in untreated cases; autosomal dominant inheritance. In the Gardner syndrome there are extracolonic changes (desmoid tumours, etc.). ... Synonym: polyposis coli. ... Hamartomatous polyposis of the sma …

multiple lentigines syndrome
<syndrome> An autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterised by freckle-like spots (lentigines) on the trunk. Other findings may include wide set eyes, sternum abnormalities, prominent ears, deafness, cafe-au-lait spots, pulmonary stenosis, cryptorchidism, delayed puberty or hypogonadism. There is no treatment available only underlying m …