Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

education, special
Education of the individual who markedly deviates intellectually, physically, socially, or emotionally from those considered to be normal, thus requiring special instruction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

education, veterinary
Use for general articles concerning veterinary medical education. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

educational measurement
The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

educational psychology
The application of psychology to education, especially to problems of teaching and learning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

educational status
Educational attainment or level of education of individuals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

educational technology
Systematic identification, development, organization, or utilization of educational resources and the management of these processes. It is occasionally used also in a more limited sense to describe the use of equipment-oriented techniques or audiovisual aids in educational settings. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

edulcorate
1. To render sweet; to sweeten; to free from acidity. 'Succory . . . Edulcorated with sugar and vinegar.' (Evelyn) ... 2. <chemistry> To free from acids, salts, or other soluble substances, by washing; to purify. ... Origin: L. E ou + dulcoratus, p. P. Of dulcorare to sweeten, fr. Dulcor sweetness, fr. Dulcis sweet: cf. F. Edulcorer. ... Source: …

Edward Jenner
Synonym for Jenner, Edward ... <person> Jenner was the typical country practitioner, who wanted to better himself by furthering his education. He enrolled as an anatomy house pupil of John Hunter. ... Although his city colleagues stamped him as a lazy and rather dull person, he actually was a highly intelligent country physician. He became cogn …

Edward's syndrome
<paediatrics, syndrome> A congenital disorder caused by a baby having an extra copy of chromosome 18 (three instead of the normal two). Characteristics of the disorder include a large number of different malformed organs and malformed physical features of the face and skeletal structure. In most cases, the child dies before it is born, 90% of …

edwards syndrome
<syndrome> This is trisomy 18 syndrome. There are three instead of the normal two chromosomes 18. Children with this condition have multiple malformations and mental retardation due to the extra chromosome 18. The children characteristically have low birth weight, small head (microcephaly), small jaw (micrognathia), malformations of the heart …

Edwards, James Hilton
<person> English physician and medical geneticist, *1928. ... See: Edwards' syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Edwards, M
<person> U.S. Physician, *1906. ... See: Carpentier-Edwards valve, Starr-Edwards valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Edwards' syndrome
Synonym for trisomy 18 syndrome ... <syndrome> There are three instead of the normal two chromosomes 18. Children with this condition have multiple malformations and mental retardation due to the extra chromosome 18. The children characteristically have low birth weight, small head (microcephaly), small jaw (micrognathia), malformations of the …

Edwardsiella
A genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria (family Enterobacteriaceae) containing motile, peritrichous, nonencapsulated rods. The type species is Edwardsiella tarda, which is occasionally isolated from the stools of healthy humans and those with diarrhoea, from the blood of humans and other animals, and from human urine. Edwardsiell …

EEE
<abbreviation> Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

EEE virus
Synonym for eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus ... A virus of the genus Alphavirus (formerly group A arbovirus), in the family Togaviridae, occurring in the eastern United States; it is normally present in certain wild birds as an inapparent infection, but is capable of causing eastern equine encephalomyelitis in horses and humans following tran …

EEG
Synonym for electroencephalogram ... <investigation> A diagnostic test which measures the electrical activity of the brain (brain waves) using high sensitive recording equipment attached to the scalp by fine electrodes. ... Commonly employed in the evaluation of neurological disease (for example seizures, epilepsy, etc.). ... Acronym: EEG ... (13 …

EEG activation
The low voltage, fast pattern of attentive wakefulness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

eel
<zoology> An elongated fish of many genera and species. The common eels of Europe and America belong to the genus Anguilla. The electrical eel is a species of Gymnotus. The so called vinegar eel is a minute nematode worm. See Conger eel, Electric eel, and Gymnotus. ... Origin: AS. L; akin to D, G, & Dan. Aal, Icel. All, Sw. Al. ... Source: …

eelpout
<zoology> A European fish (Zoarces viviparus), remarkable for producing living young; called also greenbone, guffer, bard, and Maroona eel. Also, an American species (Z. Anguillaris), called also mutton fish, and, erroneously, congo eel, ling, and lamper eel. Both are edible, but of little value. ... A fresh water fish, the burbot. ... Origin: …

EENT
<abbreviation> Eye, ear, nose, and throat. See also ENT. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

EF hand
A very common calcium binding motif. A 12 amino acid loop with a 12 amino acid _ helix at either end, providing octahedral co-ordination for the calcium ion. ... Members of the family include: aequorin, _ actinin, calbindin, calcineurin, calcyphosin, calmodulin, calpain, calcyclin, iacylglycerol kinase, fimbrin, myosin regulatory light chains, oncom …

effacement
The thinning of the cervix which occurs before and while it dilates. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

effect
The result produced by an action. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

effect modifier
A factor that modifies the effect of a putative causal factor under study; e.g., age is an effect modifier for many conditions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effect modifiers
<epidemiology> Factors that modify the effect of the putative causal factor(s) under study. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

effect, founder
A population group with an unusual frequency of a gene due to there having been only a small number of original members ( founders ) one or more of whom had that gene. For example, the gene for Huntington disease was introduced into the Lake Maracaibo region of Venezuela early in the 19th century, so there are now over a hundred persons with Huntin …

effective
Producing the intended result. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

effective collision radius
<radiobiology> Effective size of a particle equal to the square root of (cross-section/pi). Determines the effective range of interaction of the particle. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

effective conjugate
The internal conjugate measured from the nearest lumbar vertebra to the symphysis, in spondylolisthesis. ... Synonym: false conjugate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effective dose
The dose that produces the desired effect; when followed by a subscript (generally 'ED50'), it denotes the dose having such an effect on a certain percentage (e.g., 50%) of the test animals; ED50 is the median effective dose, in radiation protection, the sum of the equivalent doses in all tissues and organs of the body weighted for tissue effects o …

effective half-life
<radiobiology> Time required for a radioactive substance contained in a biological system (such as a person or an animal) to reduce its radioactivity by half, as a combination result of radioactive decay and biological elimination from the system. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

effective osmotic pressure
That part of the total osmotic pressure of a solution that governs the tendency of its solvent to pass across a boundary, usually a semipermeable membrane; it is commonly represented by the product of the total osmotic pressure of the solution and the ratio (corrected for activities) of the number of dissolved particles that do not permeate the bou …

effective refractory period
The period during which impulses may appear but are too weak to be conducted; the longest interval between adequate stimuli, falling just short of the time necessary to allow a propagated response to be evoked in a tissue by the second stimulus; it differs from the functional refractory period in that it is a measure of stimulus interval rather tha …

effective renal blood flow
The amount of blood flowing to the parts of the kidney that are involved with production of constituents of urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effective renal plasma flow
<physiology> The amount of plasma flowing to the parts of the kidney that have a function in the production of constituents of urine; the clearance of substances such as iodopyracet and p-aminohippuric acid, assuming that the extraction ratio in the peritubular capillaries is 100%. ... It is the amount of plasma perfusing the kidney tubules pe …

effective temperature
A comfort index or scale which takes into account the temperature of air, its moisture content, and movement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effective temperature index
A composite index of environmental comfort which is compared after exposure to different combinations of air temperature, humidity, and movement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effectively drained
<ecology> A condition where ground or surface water has been removed by artificial means to the point that an area no longer meets the wetland hydrology criterion. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

effectiveness
1. A measure of the accuracy or success of a diagnostic or therapeutic technique when carried out in an average clinical environment.; Cf. ... See: efficacy. ... 2. The extent to which a treatment achieves its intended purpose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effector
A molecule, chemical, or structure that regulates a pathway by increasing or decreasing the pathway's reaction rate. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

effector cell
A terminally differentiated leukocyte that performs one or more specific functions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effectual
Producing, or having adequate power or force to produce, an intended effect; adequate; efficient; operative; decisive. 'Effectual steps for the suppression of the rebellion.' (Macaulay) Effectual calling, a doctrine concerning the work of the Holy Spirit in producing conviction of sin and acceptance of salvation by Christ, one of the five points of …

effeminate
1. Having some characteristic of a woman, as delicacy, luxuriousness, etc.; soft or delicate to an unmanly degree; womanish; weak. 'The king, by his voluptuous life and mean marriage, became effeminate, and less sensible of honor.' (Bacon) 'An effeminate and unmanly foppery.' (Bp. Hurd) ... 2. Womanlike; womanly; tender; in a good sense. 'Gentle, ki …

efferent
Moving or carrying outward or away from a central part. Refers to vessels, nerves, etc. For example: blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart or nerves carrying signals from the brain. ... Compare: afferent. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

efferent duct
Synonym for efferent ductules of testis ... One of 12 to 14 small seminal ducts leading from the testis to the head of the epididymis. ... Synonym: ductulus efferens testis, vas efferens, efferent duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

efferent ductules of testis
One of 12 to 14 small seminal ducts leading from the testis to the head of the epididymis. ... Synonym: ductulus efferens testis, vas efferens, efferent duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

efferent fibres
Those fibres conveying impulses to effector tissues (muscle: smooth, cardiac or striated; or glands) in the periphery; those fibres exiting a specific cell group (i.e., efferent fibres of the basilar pons), used in reference to a cell group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

efferent glomerular arteriole
The vessel that carries blood from the glomerular capillary network to the capillary bed of the proximal convoluted tubule; collectively, these vessels constitute the renal portal system. ... Synonym: arteriola glomerularis efferens, vas efferens, efferent vessel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

efferent lymphatic
Synonym for vas efferens ... A vein carrying blood away from a part. ... Synonym: efferent lymphatic. ... Synonym: efferent glomerular arteriole. ... Synonym: efferent ductules of testis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

efferent nerve
<anatomy, nerve> A nerve which transmits impulses from the brain and spinal cord to a muscle or organ. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

efferent pathways
Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve centre toward a peripheral site. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

efferent vessel
A vessel carrying blood away from the heart. An artery or arteriole. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

effervesce
To boil up or form bubbles rising to the surface of a fluid in large numbers, as in the evolution of CO2 from aqueous solution when the pressure is reduced. ... Origin: L. Ef-fervesco, to boil up, from ferveo, to boil ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effervescent
1. Boiling; bubbling; effervescing. ... 2. Causing to effervesce, as an effervescent powder. ... 3. Tending to effervesce when freed from pressure, as an effervescent solution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effervescent lithium citrate
A preparation containing lithium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, tartaric acid, and citric acid; same use as potassium or sodium citrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effervescent magnesium citrate
Magnesium carbonate, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, and sugar, moistened with alcohol, passed through a sieve, and dried to a coarse granular powder; used as a laxative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effervescent magnesium sulfate
Effervescent Epsom salt; magnesium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, tartaric acid, and citric acid, moistened, passed through a sieve, and dried to a coarse granular powder; a purgative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effervescent potassium citrate
A mixture of potassium citrate, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, and tartaric acid; used as a gastric antacid and urinary alkaliser. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effervescent salts
Preparations made by adding sodium bicarbonate and tartaric and citric acids to the active salt; when thrown into water the acids break up the sodium bicarbonate, setting free the carbonic acid gas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effervescent sodium phosphate
Exsiccated sodium phosphate 200, sodium bicarbonate 477, tartaric acid 252, and citric acid 162, mixed and passed through a sieve to make a granular salt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effete
No longer capable of producing young, as an animal, or fruit, as the earth; hence, worn out with age; exhausted of energy; incapable of efficient action; no longer productive; barren; sterile. 'Effete results from virile efforts.' (Mrs. Browning) 'If they find the old governments effete, worn out, . . . They may seek new ones.' (Burke) ... Origin: L …

efficacy
Strength, effectiveness. The ability of a drug to control or cure an illness. Efficacy should be distinguished from activity (see), which is limited to a drug's immediate effects on the microbe triggering the disease. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

efficiency
1. The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or effects; efficient power; effectual agency. 'The manner of this divine efficiency being far above us.' (Hooker) ... 2. <mechanics> The ratio of useful work to energy expended. Efficiency of a heat engine, the ratio of the work done an engine, to the work due to the heat supplied to it …

efficiency, organizational
The capacity of an organization, institution, or business to produce desired results with a minimum expenditure of energy, time, money, personnel, materiel, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

efficient
Serving as or characteristic of an immediate agent in the production of an event, causally productive. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

effleurage
A stroking movement in massage. ... Origin: Fr. Effleurer, to touch lightly ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effloresce
1. To blossom forth. ... 2. <chemistry> To change on the surface, or throughout, to a whitish, mealy, or crystalline powder, from a gradual decomposition, especially. From the loss of water, on simple exposure to the air; as, Glauber's salts, and many others, effloresce. ... 3. To become covered with a whitish crust or light crystallization, fr …

efflorescence
1. <botany> Flowering, or state of flowering; the blooming of flowers; blowth. ... 2. <medicine> A redness of the skin; eruption, as in rash, measles, smallpox, scarlatina, etc. ... 3. <chemistry> The formation of the whitish powder or crust on the surface of efflorescing bodies, as salts, etc. The powder or crust thus formed. ... Or …

efflorescent
Denoting a crystalline body that gradually changes to a powder by losing its water of crystallization on exposure to a dry atmosphere. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effluence
1. A flowing out, or emanation. ... 2. That which flows or issues from any body or substance; issue; efflux. 'Bright effluence of bright essence increate!' (Milton) 'And, as if the gloom of the earth and sky had been but the effluence of these two mortal hearts, it vanished with their sorrow.' (Hawthorne) ... Origin: Cf. F. Effluence. ... Source: Webs …

effluent
Liquid waste from sewage treatment or industrial processes, especiallysuch liquid waste that is released into a river or other waterway. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

effort
1. An exertion of strength or power, whether physical or mental, in performing an act or aiming at an object; more or less strenuous endeavor; struggle directed to the accomplishment of an object; as, an effort to scale a wall. 'We prize the stronger effort of his power.' (Pope) ... 2. <mechanics> A force acting on a body in the direction of i …

effort syndrome
Synonym for neurocirculatory asthenia ... A clinical syndrome characterised by palpitation, shortness of breath, labored breathing, subjective complaints of effort and discomfort, all following slight exertion. Other symptoms may be dizziness, tremulousness, sweating, and insomnia. Neurocirculatory asthenia is most typically seen as a form of anxiet …

effort-induced thrombosis
Synonym for Paget-von Schrotter syndrome ... <syndrome> Stress thrombosis or spontaneous thrombosis of the subclavian or axillary vein; a thoracic-outlet syndrome. ... Synonym: effort-induced thrombosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

effuse
Effusion; loss. 'Much effuse of blood.' ... To pour out like a stream or freely; to cause to exude; to shed. 'With gushing blood effused.' (Milton) ... Origin: Effused; Effusing. ... 1. Poured out freely; profuse. 'So should our joy be very effuse.' (Barrow) ... 2. Disposed to pour out freely; prodigal. ... 3. <botany> Spreading loosely, especiall …

effusion
The escape of fluid into a part or tissue, as an exudation or a transudation. ... Origin: L. Effusio = a pouring out ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

eflornithine
<chemical> 2-(difluoromethyl)-dl-ornithine. An inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. As a result of this inhibition of polyamine synthesis, the compound is effective in preventing cancer formation in many organ systems, inhibiting cancer growth, and reducing tumour size. It also …

eflornithine hydrochloride
2-(Difluoromethyl)-dl-ornithine monohydrochloride, monohydrate;an antineoplastic and antiprotozoal orphan drug used in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS and of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

EGD
<abbreviation> Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

egersis
Extremely alert wakefulness. ... Origin: G. A waking ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

EGF
Synonym for epidermal growth factor ... <growth factor> A mitogenic polypeptide initially isolated from male mouse submaxillary gland. ... The name refers to the early bioassay, but epidermal growth factor is active on a variety of cell types, especially but not exclusively epithelial. Human equivalent originally named urogastrone owing to its …

EGF like domain
Region of 30-40 amino acids containing 6 cysteines found originally in EGF and also in a range of proteins involved in cell signalling. ... Examples: TGF _, amphiregulin, urokinase, tissue plasminogen activator, complement C6 C9, fibronectin, laminin (each subunit at least 13 times), nidogen, selectins. It is also found in the Drosophila gene produc …

egg
A structure which the females of certain animal species lay as a means of reproduction, it contains a fertilized zygote and nutrition in the form of yolk for the developing offspring, sometimes contains other substances (e.g., the white of a hen's egg), sometimes surrounded by a protective outer shell. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

egg albumin
Synonym for ovalbumin ... <protein> A major protein constituent of egg white. A phosphoprotein of 386 amino acids (44 kD) with one N linked oligosaccharide chain. Synthesis is stimulated by oestrogen. ... The gene, of which there is only one in the chicken genome, has eight exons and is of 7.8 kbase, it was one of the first genes to be studied …

egg cell
The unfertilised ovum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

egg cluster
One of the clumps of cells resulting from the breaking up of the gonadal cords in the ovarian cortex; these clumps later develop into primary ovarian follicles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

egg coat
A layer of glycoproteins and other stuff which surrounds an egg (ovum), just outside of the egg's cell membrane. The coat protects the egg, and for organisms which practice external fertilization (fertilization outside of the parents' bodies) it can help prevent the sperm of other species from entering the egg. For the eggs of mammals, the egg coat …

egg donation
Donation of an ovum by one woman to another who attempts to become pregnant by in vitro fertilization. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

egg drop syndrome
<syndrome> A disease of chickens caused by an adenovirus and characterised by production of soft-shelled and shell-less eggs in apparently healthy birds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

egg membrane
The investing envelope of the ovum; a primary egg membrane is produced from ovarian cytoplasm (e.g., a vitelline membrane); a secondary egg membrane is the product of the ovarian follicle (e.g., the zona pellucida); a tertiary egg membrane is secreted by the lining of the oviduct (e.g., a shell). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

egg polarity gene
A gene whose product distribution in the egg determines the anterior posterior axis of subsequent development. Best characterised in Drosophila: ... See: bicoid, maternal effect gene. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

egg proteins
Proteins which are found in eggs or ova from any species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

egg proteins, dietary
Proteins found in eggs which are consumed as a food. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

egg shell nail
Synonym for hapalonychia ... Thinning of nails resulting in bending and breaking of the free edge, with longitudinal fissures. ... Synonym: egg shell nail. ... Origin: hapalo-+ G. Onyx (onych-), nail ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

egg white
The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

egg yolk
The stored nutrient of the egg and the yellow portion of the egg of a bird. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

egg-on-its-side heart
<radiology> Marked cardiomegaly, typical of transposition of the great vessels (TGV), also called apple on a string ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Egger, Fritz
<person> Swiss internist, 1863-1938. ... See: Egger's line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Egger's line
Seldom-used term for the circular line of adhesion between the vitreous and posterior lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...