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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

dysraphism
Dysraphia ... Defective fusion, especially of the neural folds, resulting in status dysraphicus. ... Origin: dys-+ G. Rhaphe, suture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dysrhythmia
Defective rhythm. See also entries under rhythm. ... Compare: arrhythmia. ... Origin: dys-+ G. Rhythmos, rhythm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dyssebacia
Synonym: seborrheic dermatitis. ... Origin: dys-+ L. Sebum, grease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dyssomnia
Disturbance of normal sleep or rhythm pattern. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dysspermatogenic sterility
Male sterility due to some abnormality in production of spermatozoa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dysspondylism
An abnormality of development of the spine or vertebral column. ... Origin: dys-+ G. Spondylos, vertebra ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dysstasia
Difficulty in standing. ... Synonym: dystasia. ... Origin: dys-+ G. Stasis, standing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dysstatic
Marked by difficulty in standing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dyssyllabia
Synonym: syllable-stumbling. ... Origin: dys-+ G. Syllabe, syllable ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dyssynergia
An aspect of ataxia, in which an act is not performed smoothly or accurately because of lack of harmonious association of its various components; usually used to describe abnormalities of movement caused by cerebellar disorders. ... Origin: dys-+ G. Syn, with, + ergon, work ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica
A familial disorder beginning in late childhood, characterised by progressive cerebellar ataxia, action myoclonus and preserved intellect. Probably due to multiple causes, mitochondrial abnormalities being one. ... Synonym: dentatorubral cerebellar atrophy with polymyoclonus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dystasia
Synonym: dysstasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dysteleology
<biology> The doctrine of purposelessness; a term applied by Haeckel to that branch of physiology which treats of rudimentary organs, in view of their being useless to the life of the organism. 'To the doctrine of dysteleology, or the denial of final causes, a proof of the real existence of such a thing as instinct must necessarily be fatal.' …

dystelephalangy
Bowing of the distal phalanx of the little finger. ... Origin: dys-+ G. Telos, end, + phalanx ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dysthymia
A type of depression involving long- term, chronic symptoms that do not disable you, but keep you from functioning at full steam or from feeling good. Dysthymia is a less severe type of depression than what is considered a major depression. However, people with dysthymia may also sometimes experience major depressive episodes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dysthymic
Relating to dysthymia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dysthymic disorder
Chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years. The required minimum duration in children to make this diagnosis is 1 year. During periods of depressed mood, at least 2 of the following additional symptoms are present: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, lo …

dysthyroidal infantilism
Stunted body growth and mental development appearing in the first years of life resulting the inappropriate development of the thymus gland or inadequate maternal intake of iodine during gestation. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

dystocia, cervical
Dystocia caused by mechanical obstruction at the cervix. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dystocia, foetal
Dystocia caused by the foetus due to its size (too big), shape or position in the uterus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dystocia, placental
Trouble delivering the placenta (the afterbirth). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dystonia
<clinical sign, neurology> Disordered tonicity of muscle. ... Origin: Gr. Tonos ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dystonia lenticularis
Dystonia resulting from a lesion of the lenticulate nucleus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dystonia musculorum deformans
A genetic, environmental, or idiopathic disorder, usually beginning in childhood or adolescence, marked by muscular contractions that distort the spine, limbs, hips, and sometimes the cranial-innervated muscles. The abnormal movements are increased by excitement and, at least initially, abolished by sleep. The musculature is hypertonic when in acti …

dystonia, cranial
A term used to describe dystonia that affects the muscles of the head, face, and neck. Oromandibular dystonia affects the muscles of the jaw, lips, and tongue. The jaw may be pulled either open or shut, and speech and swallowing can be difficult. Spasmodic dysphonia involves the muscles of the throat that control speech. Also called spastic dysphon …

dystonia, dopa-responsive
A condition successfully treated with drugs. Typically, DRD begins in childhood or adolescence with progressive difficulty in walking and, in some cases, spasticity. Segawa's dystonia is an important variant of DRD. In Segawa's dystonia, the symptoms fluctuate during the day from relative mobility in the morning to increasingly worse disability in …

dystonia, focal, due to torticollis
Spasmodic torticollis, or torticollis, is the most common of the focal dystonias. In torticollis, the muscles in the neck that control the position of the head are affected, causing the head to twist and turn to one side. In addition, the head may be pulled forward or backward. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dystonia, idiopathic torsion
A form of dystonia known as early-onset torsion dystonia (also called generalised torsion dystonia) begins in childhood around the age of 12. Symptoms typically start in one part of the body, usually in an arm or leg, and eventually spread to the rest of the body within about 5 years. Early-onset torsion dystonia is not fatal, but it can be severel …

dystonia, oromandibular
Oromandibular dystonia affects the muscles of the jaw, lips, and tongue. The jaw may be pulled either open or shut, and speech and swallowing can be difficult. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dystonia, segawa's
An important variant of dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD), a condition successfully treated with drugs. Typically, DRD begins in childhood or adolescence with progressive difficulty in walking and, in some cases, spasticity. In Segawa's dystonia, the symptoms fluctuate during the day from relative mobility in the morning to increasingly worse disabili …

dystonia, torsion
A form of dystonia known as early-onset torsion dystonia (also called idiopathic or generalised torsion dystonia) begins in childhood around the age of 12. Symptoms typically start in one part of the body, usually in an arm or leg, and eventually spread to the rest of the body within about 5 years. Early-onset torsion dystonia is not fatal, but it …

dystonia, writer's cramp
A dystonia that affects the muscles of the hand and sometimes the forearm and only occurs during handwriting. Similar focal dystonias have also been called typist's cramp, pianist's cramp, musician's cramp, and golfer's cramp. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dystonic
Pertaining to dystonia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dystonic reaction
<pharmacology> Prolonged muscle contractions that may cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal posture. May occur in the form of rhythmic jerks. Can be seen as a side effect from antipsychotic medications and drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

dystonic torticollis
Synonym for spasmodic torticollis ... A disorder of unknown cause, manifested as a restricted dystonia, localised to some of the neck muscles, especially the sternomastoid and trapezius; occurs in adults and tends to progress slowly; the head movements increase with standing and walking and decrease with contractual stimuli, e.g., touching the chin …

dystopia
Faulty or abnormal position of a part or organ. ... Synonym: allotopia, malposition. ... Origin: dys-+ G. Topos, place ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dystopic
Pertaining to, or characterised by, dystopia. ... See: ectopic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dystroglycan
<protein> Complex composed of two proteins and dystroglycans (formerly known as 156DAG and 43DAG / A3a respectively) derived from a single precursor by proteolytic cleavage. Dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein that associates with dystrophin in the cytoplasm and dystroglycan, an extracellular glycoprotein, on the exterior face. Dystroglyc …

dystrophia
Synonym for dystrophy ... <pathology> Any disorder arising from defective or faulty nutrition, especially the muscular dystrophies. ... Origin: L. Dystrophia, Gr. Trephein = to nourish ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dystrophia adiposogenitalis
A disorder characterised primarily by obesity and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in adolescent boys; dwarfism is rare, and when present is thought to reflect hypothyroidism. Visual loss, behavioural abnormalities, and diabetes insipidus may occur. Frohlich's syndrome often is used synonymously for this disorder, although the original case involved …

dystrophia brevicollis
A condition marked by symptoms of dystrophia adiposogenitalis together with a deforming shortness of the neck, but without synostosis of the cervical vertebrae seen in Klippel-Feil syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dystrophia myotonica
Synonym for myotonic dystrophy ... <neurology> An inherited human neuromuscular disease classed as an autosomal dominant disease in which there is progressive muscle weakening and wasting. ... A triplet repeat syndromes (like fragile X syndrome), this most common adult form of muscular dystrophy is caused by expansion of the unstable trinucleot …

dystrophia unguium
Dystrophy of the nails. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dystrophia ungulae
Synonym for seedy toe ... A condition of the hoof wall in the toe region of horses, characterised by loss of substance and change in character of the horn, most often as a sequela of mild chronic laminitis. ... Synonym: dystrophia ungulae, hollow wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dystrophic
Relating to dystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dystrophic calcification
Calcification occurring in degenerated or necrotic tissue, as in hyalinised scars, degenerated foci in leiomyomas, and caseous nodules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dystrophic calcinosis
Synonym for calcinosis cutis ... A deposit of calcium in the skin; usually occurs secondary to a preexisting inflammatory, degenerative, or neoplastic dermatosis, and is frequently seen in scleroderma. ... Synonym: dystrophic calcinosis, skin stones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dystrophin
<protein> Protein (400 kD) from skeletal muscle that is missing in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Its exact role is not yet clear, though it seems to be associated with the cytoplasmic face of the sarcolemma and T tubules and may form part of the membrane cytoskeleton. There are sequence homologies with nonmuscle _ actinin and with spectrin. …

dystrophy
<pathology> Any disorder arising from defective or faulty nutrition, especially the muscular dystrophies. ... Origin: L. Dystrophia, Gr. Trephein = to nourish ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dystrophy, myotonic
Inherited disease with myotonia (irritability and prolonged contraction of muscles), mask-like face, premature balding, cataracts, and cardiac disease. Due to a trinucleotide repeat (a stuttering sequence of three bases) in the DNA. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dystropy
Abnormal or eccentric behaviour. ... Origin: dys-+ G. Tropos, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dysuria
<symptom> Painful or difficult urination. ... Origin: Gr. Ouron = urine ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dysuric
Relating to or suffering from dysuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dysversion
A turning in any direction, less than inversion; particularly dysversion of the optic nerve head (situs inversus of the optic disk). ... Origin: dys-+ L. Verto, to turn ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

E classification
<biochemistry> Classification of enzymes based on the recommendations of the Committee on Enzyme Nomenclature of the International Union of Biochemistry. ... The first number indicates the broad type of enzyme (1 = oxidoreductase, 2 = transferase, 3 = hydrolase, 4 = lyase, 5 = isomerase, 6 = ligase (synthetase)). ... The second and third number …

E face
In freeze fracture the plasma membrane cleaves between the acyl tails of membrane phospholipids, leaving a monolayer on each half of the specimen. The E face is the inner face of the outer lipid monolayer. From within the cell this is the view that you would have of the outer half of the plasma membrane if the inner layer could be removed. The comp …

E rosette
The adherence of erythrocytes to cells. Sheep erythrocytes will adhere spontaneously to human T-cells, forming rosettes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

E rosettes
<haematology> The clustering of sheep erythrocytes around a leucocyte or other cell. E rosette formation is used as a marker for T lymphocytes of humans and most mammals, in this case erythrocytes are untreated, compared with other rosette tests such as EA where erythrocytes have antibody bound to their surface. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

E-cadherin
Synonym for uvomorulin ... <protein> Glycoprotein (120 kD) originally defined as the antigen responsible for eliciting antibodies capable of blocking compaction in early mouse embryos (at the morula stage) and inhibiting calcium dependent aggregation of mouse teratocarcinoma cells. May be the mouse equivalent of LCAM, the chick cell adhesion m …

e-coil
<radiobiology> The plasma current driving (Ohmic Heating) coil in a Doublet device. Ideally the E-coil makes no magnetic field in the confinement system. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

E-LAM
<abbreviation> Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

e-layer
<radiobiology> Cylinder of relativistic electrons gyrating in a magnetic field, which produces a self-field strong enough to dominate the externally applied field and produce a field-reversal (where the B field changes sign) in the system. ... See: Field-Reversed Configuration, Field-Reversed Pinch. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

E-M syndrome
Synonym for eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome ... <syndrome> A complex systemic syndrome with inflammatory and autoimmune components that affect the skin, fascia, muscle, nerve, blood vessels, lung, and heart. The varied symptoms include severe muscle pain and abnormally high numbers of eosinophils. This disease has presented itself only in people …

E-rosette test
A test to identify T lymphocytes by mixing purified blood lymphocytes with serum and sheep erythrocytes; rosettes of erythrocytes form around human T lymphocytes on incubation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

e-selectin
Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates neutrophil, monocyte, and memory T-cell adhesion to cytokine-activated endothelial cells. E-selectin recognises sialylated carbohydrate groups related to the lewis x or lewis a family. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

E. Coli
Synonym for Escherichia coli ... <bacteria> The archetypal bacterium for biochemists, used very extensively in experimental work. A rod shaped gram-negative bacillus (0.5 x 3-5 m) abundant in the large intestine (colon) of mammals. ... Abbreviation: E. Coli ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

E. Coli enteritis
<gastroenterology, pathology> A form of gastroenteritis that is through travel to developing countries. most often caused by a toxigenic E. Coli bacteria. Other causative agents include: Shigella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Rotavirus, Giardia and amoebas. ... Symptoms include diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain and anorexia. ... (10 Nov 1998) ...

E1
Symbol for estrone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

e1a
An early gene (a gene of a virus which is expressed early in the viral life cycle) found in adenoviruses associated with cancer which is responsible for their cancer-causing aspects. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

E1E2 ATPase
Synonym for ATPase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP into ADP and phosphate. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

E2
Symbol for estradiol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

EA rosette
A test for the presence of Fc receptors. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

EAC rosette
<haematology> Rosettes formed from erythrocytes (E) coated with antibody (A) and complement (C). ... A test for C3b or C3bi receptors (CR1 or CR3). The rosettes form more easily then E or EA rosettes. ... See: E rosettes. ... (16 Mar 2000) ...

EAC rosette assay
Synonym for EAC rosette ... <haematology> Rosettes formed from erythrocytes (E) coated with antibody (A) and complement (C). ... A test for C3b or C3bi receptors (CR1 or CR3). The rosettes form more easily then E or EA rosettes. ... See: E rosettes. ... (16 Mar 2000) ...

Eadie-Hofstee plot
<biochemistry> A graphical representation of enzyme kinetic data in which the velocity of the reaction is plotted on the vertical axis as a function of the v/S ratio on the horizontal axis, with S being the initial substrate concentration. ... The intercept on the ordiate is Vmax, the slope is Km. Preferable to the Lineweaver Burke plot. ... Sy …

eager
1. Sharp; sour; acid. 'Like eager droppings into milk.' ... 2. Sharp; keen; bitter; severe. 'A nipping and an eager air.' 'Eager words.' ... 3. Excited by desire in the pursuit of any object; ardent to pursue, perform, or obtain; keenly desirous; hotly longing; earnest; zealous; impetuous; vehement; as, the hounds were eager in the chase. 'And gazed …

eagle
1. <zoology> Any large, rapacious bird of the Falcon family, especially. Of the genera Aquila and Haliaeetus. The eagle is remarkable for strength, size, graceful figure, keenness of vision, and extraordinary flight. The most noted species are the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetus); the imperial eagle of Europe (A. Mogilnik or imperialis); the …

Eagle syndrome
<syndrome> Facial pain due to an elongated styloid process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Eagle-Barrett syndrome
Synonym for prune belly syndrome ... <radiology> Absent abdominal musculature, undescended testes, dilated ureters and calyces, clubbed feet, heart and lung abnormalities, predominantly in males ... Synonym: Eagle-Barrett syndrome ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Eagle, Harry
<person> U.S. Physician and cell biologist, 1905-1992. ... See: Eagle's basal medium, Eagle's minimum essential medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Eagle, W
<person> 20th century U.S. Otolaryngologist. ... See: Eagle syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Eagle's basal medium
A solution of various salts containing 13 naturally occurring amino acids, several vitamins, two antibiotics, and phenol red; used as a tissue culture medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Eagle's minimum essential medium
A tissue culture medium similar to Eagle's basal medium but with different amounts and a few exclusions (e.g., antibiotics and phenol red). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

EAHF complex
A combination of allergies consisting of eczema, asthma and hay fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Eales, Henry
<person> English ophthalmologist, 1852-1913. ... See: Eales' disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Eales' disease
Peripheral retinal periphlebitis causing recurrent retinal or intravitreous haemorrhages in young adults. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ear
1. The organ of hearing; the external ear. ... In man and the higher vertebrates, the organ of hearing is very complicated, and is divisible into three parts: the external ear, which includes the pinna or auricle and meatus or external opening; the middle ear, drum, or tympanum; and the internal ear, or labyrinth. The middle ear is a cavity connecte …

ear bones
Synonym for auditory ossicles ... The small bones of the middle ear; they are articulated to form a chain for the transmission of sound from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. ... Synonym: ossicula auditus, ear bones, ossicular chain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ear canal, self-cleaning
most of the time the ear canals are self-cleaning, that is, there is a slow and orderly migration of ear canal skin from the eardrum to the outer opening. Old earwax is constantly being transported from the deeper areas of the ear canal to the opening where it usually dries, flakes, and falls out. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ear cartilages
Cartilages of the auricle (pinna) and the external acoustic meatus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ear cleaning
When so much wax accumulates that it blocks the ear canal (and hearing), your physician may have to wash it out, vacuum it, or remove it with special instruments. Alternatively, your physician may prescribe ear drops what are designed to soften the wax (such as Cerumenex). ... Never put anything smaller than your elbow in your ear! Wax is not formed …

ear crystals
Synonym for statoliths ... Crystalline particles of calcium carbonate and a protein adhering to the gelatinous membrane of the maculae of the utricle and saccule. ... Synonym: statoconia, ear crystals, otoconia, otoliths, otolites, sagitta. ... Origin: G. Statos, standing, + lithos, stone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ear cyst
A sebaceous cyst that occurs most commonly in the ear canal. They are bulging sac-like collections of dead skin cells and fluid. These cysts can be quite painful and may block the canal causing hearing loss. Treatment may include warm wet compresses, antibiotics (if infected) and surgical removal in some cases. Most resolve spontaneously. ... (27 Se …

ear deformities, acquired
Distortion or disfigurement of the ear caused by disease or injury after birth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ear diseases
Diseases of the ear, general or unspecified. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ear lobe
The lowest part of the auricle; it consists of fat and fibrous tissue not reinforced by the auricular cartilage. ... Synonym: lobulus auriculae, lobule of auricle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ear lobe crease
A diagonal crease found on one or both earlobes with a possible connection to coronary heart disease in males. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ear mange
Synonym for otodectic mange ... Disease resulting from heavy infestation with the mite Otodectes cynotis in the ears of dogs, cats, foxes, and other carnivores and manifested by head shaking, continual ear scratching, and ear droop; observed in severe cases are torticollis, circling, epileptoid fits with purulent inflammation and discharge of the ex …

ear neoplasms
Neoplasms of the internal, external, or middle ear. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ear pit
Tiny pit in front of the ear: preauricular pit. A minor anomaly of no great consequence in itself. More common in blacks than whites and in females than males. Can recur in families. The presence of 2 or more minor anomalies in a child increases the probability that the child has a major malformation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...