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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

elation
The feeling or expression of excitement or gaiety; if prolonged and inappropriate, a characteristic of mania. ... Origin: L. Elatio, fr. Ef-fero, pp. E-latus, to lift up ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Elaut, Leon
<person> 20th century Belgian pathologist. ... See: Elaut's triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Elaut's triangle
Triangle formed by the iliac arteries and the promontory of the sacrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elbow
1. The joint or bend of the arm; the outer curve in the middle of the arm when bent. 'Her arms to the elbows naked.' (R. Of Gloucester) ... 2. Any turn or bend like that of the elbow, in a wall, building, and the like; a sudden turn in a line of coast or course of a river; also, an angular or jointed part of any structure, as the raised arm of a cha …

elbow bursitis
at the tip of the elbow (the olecranon area), there is a bursa, a fluid-filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction with motion. This bursa is known as the olecranon bursa. Because of its location, the olecranon bursa is subject to trauma, ranging from simple repetitive weight bearing while leaning, to banging in a fall. This …

elbow bursitis, treatment of
If non-infectious, elbow bursitis treatment includes rest, ice, and medications for inflammation and pain. Infectious bursitis is treated with antibiotics, aspiration, and surgery. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

elbow fracture
<radiology> Child: supracondylar fracture of humerus, adult: radial head fracture fat pads, anterior seen normally, displaced proximally by effusion, posterior most likely to be elbow joint effusion radiologic lines, anterior humeral line: should pass through capitellum, radio-capitellar line: should bisect radius and capitellum see also: elb …

elbow jerk
Synonym for triceps reflex ... A sudden contraction of the triceps muscle caused by a smart tap on its tendon when the forearm hangs loosely at a right angle with the arm. ... Synonym: elbow jerk, elbow reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elbow joint
A compound hinge synovial joint between the humerus and the bones of the forearm; it consists of the articulatio humeroradialis and the articulatio humeroulnaris. ... Synonym: articulatio cubiti, cubital joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elbow ossification centres
<radiology> Order of ossification: CRITOE, Capitellum, Radius, Internal (medial) epicondyle, Trochlea, Olecranom, External (lateral) epicondyle ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

elbow pain
The elbow joint is quite complex because it is the area of union of three long bones. Elbow pain has many causes including arthritis and bursitis. Tendinitis can affect the inner or outer elbow; the treatment includes ice, rest, and medication for inflammation. Bacteria can also infect the skin of the scraped (abraded) elbow. The funny bone nerve c …

elbow reflex
Synonym for triceps reflex ... A sudden contraction of the triceps muscle caused by a smart tap on its tendon when the forearm hangs loosely at a right angle with the arm. ... Synonym: elbow jerk, elbow reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elbow, arthritis of the
Inflammation (arthritis) of the elbow joint can be due to many systemic forms of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and Reiter's disease. Generally, they are associated with signs of inflammation of the elbow joint, including heat, warmth, swelling, pain, tenderness, and decrease …

elbow, cellulitis of the
Inflammation of the skin around the elbow due to infection (cellulitis) commonly occurs as a result of abrasions or puncture wounds permitting bacteria on the surface of the skin to invade the deeper layers of the skin. This causes inflamed skin characterised by heat, redness, warmth, and swelling. The most common bacteria that cause cellulitis inc …

elbow, golfer's
The inner portion of the elbow is a bony prominence called the medial epicondyle. Tendons from the muscles attach here and can be injured, causing medial epicondylitis. To those who play the ancient Scottish sport, this is golfer's elbow. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

elbow, tennis
The outer bone of the elbow is the lateral epicondyle and is a part of the humerus bone. Tendons are attach to this area which can be injured, causing inflammation or tendinitis (lateral epicondylitis). This is known to tennis players as tennis elbow. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

elbowed
Angular; kneed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elbowed bougie
A bougie with a sharply angulated bend near its tip. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elbowed catheter
A catheter with an angular bend near the beak; used to rise over prostatic obstruction. ... Synonym: catheter coude, prostatic catheter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elder
<botany> A genus of shrubs (Sambucus) having broad umbels of white flowers, and small black or red berries. ... The common North American species is Sambucus Canadensis; the common European species (S. Nigra) forms a small tree. The red-berried elder is S. Pubens. The berries are diaphoretic and aperient. Box elder. See 1st Box. Dwarf elder. S …

elder abuse
Emotional, nutritional, or physical maltreatment of the older person generally by family members or by institutional personnel. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

elecampane
1. <botany> A large, coarse herb (Inula Helenium), with composite yellow flowers. The root, which has a pungent taste, is used as a tonic, and was formerly of much repute as a stomachic. ... 2. A sweetmeat made from the root of the plant. ... Origin: F. Enulecampane, NL. Inula campana; L. Inula elecampane + LL. Campana a bell; cf. G. Glockenwur …

elect
1. Chosen; taken by preference from among two or more. 'Colours quaint elect.' ... 2. Chosen as the object of mercy or divine favor; set apart to eternal life. 'The elect angels.' ... 3. Chosen to an office, but not yet actually inducted into it; as, bishop elect; governor or mayor elect. ... Origin: L. Electus, p. P. Of eligere to elect; e out + lege …

election
1. The act of choosing; choice; selection. ... 2. The act of choosing a person to fill an office, or to membership in a society, as by ballot, uplifted hands, or viva voce; as, the election of a president or a mayor. 'Corruption in elections is the great enemy of freedom.' (J. Adams) ... 3. Power of choosing; free will; liberty to choose or act. 'By …

elective
Subject to the choice or decision of the patient or physician, applied to procedures that are advantageous to the patient but not urgent. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

elective abortion
The planned termination of a pregnancy. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

elective culture
A method of isolating microorganisms capable of utilizing a specific substrate by incubating an inoculum in a medium containing the substrate; the medium usually contains substances or has characteristics that inhibit the growth of unwanted microorganisms. ... Synonym: enrichment culture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elective mutism
Mutism due to psychogenic causes. ... Synonym: voluntary mutism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elective surgery
Surgery which is not needed immediately, i.e., one for a non-life-threatening disorder. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Electra complex
Female counterpart of the Oedipus complex in the male; a term used to describe unresolved conflicts during childhood development toward the father which subsequently influence a woman's relationships with men. ... Synonym: father complex. ... Origin: Electra, daughter of Agamemnon ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electric anaesthesia
Anaesthesia, usually general anaesthesia, produced by application of an electrical current. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electric bath
A bath in which the medium is charged with electricity. ... Synonym: hydroelectric bath. ... Therapeutic application of static electricity, with the patient placed on an insulated platform. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electric cardiac pacemaker
An electric device that can substitute for the normal cardiac pacemaker, controlling the heart's rhythm by artificial electric discharges. ... Synonym: electronic pacemaker. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electric cataract
A cataract caused by contact with a high-power electric current, or a lightning bolt. ... Synonym: cataracta electrica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electric cautery
Synonym for electrocautery ... <procedure> The cauterisation of tissue using electric current to generate heat. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

electric chorea
Progressively fatal spasmodic disorder, possibly of malarial origin, occurring chiefly in Italy, a severe form of Sydenham's chorea, in which the spasms are rapid and of a specially jerky character. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electric conductivity
The capacity to conduct an electric current. Conductivity is the reciprocal of resistance. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

electric countershock
An electric shock applied to the heart to terminate a disturbance of its rhythm. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

electric dermatome
See: electrodermatome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electric field
<radiobiology> A property of a patch of space which causes the acceleration of electric charges located at that patch of space. ... The acceleration is given by a = qE/m, where q is the charge, E the electric field vector, and m the mass of the particle. Electric fields are generated by the presence of charges and/or the time variation of magn …

electric fish
Fishes which generate an electric discharge. The voltage of the discharge varies from weak to strong in various groups of fish. Electric organ and electroplax are of prime interest in this group. They occur in more than one family. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

electric impedance
The opposition to the flow of an alternating current, which is the vector sum of ohmic resistance plus additional resistance, if any, due to induction, to capacity, or to both. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

electric injuries
Injuries caused by electric currents. The concept excludes electric burns (burns, electric), but includes accidental electrocution and electric shock. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

electric organ
In about 250 species of electric fishes, modified muscle fibres forming disklike multinucleate plates arranged in stacks like batteries in series and embedded in a gelatinous matrix. A large torpedo ray may have half a million plates. Muscles in different parts of the body may be modified, i.e., the trunk and tail in the electric eel, the hyobranch …

electric retinopathy
Synonym for photoretinopathy ... A macular burn from excessive exposure to sunlight or other intense light (e.g., the flash of a short circuit); characterised subjectively by reduced visual acuity. ... See: solar maculopathy. ... Synonym: electric retinopathy, solar retinopathy. ... Origin: photo-+ retina, + G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electric shock
A sudden violent impression caused by the passage of a current of electricity through any portion of the body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electric sleep
A condition of convulsions and unconsciousness induced by the passage of an electric current through the brain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electric stimulation therapy
Application of electric current in treatment without the generation of perceptible heat. It includes electric stimulation of nerves or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of low intensity to raise the threshold of the skin to pain. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

electric wiring
An arrangement of wires distributing electricity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

electrical
1. Pertaining to electricity; consisting of, containing, derived from, or produced by, electricity; as, electric power or virtue; an electric jar; electric effects; an electric spark. ... 2. Capable of occasioning the phenomena of electricity; as, an electric or electrical machine or substance. ... 3. Electrifying; thrilling; magnetic. 'Electric Pind …

electrical alternans
Electrical alternation of the heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrical alternation of heart
A disorder in which the ventricular or atrial complexes or both are regular in time but of alternating pattern; detected by electrocardiography. The P, QRS, T, QRS-T, or P-QRST alternate singly or in combination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrical axis
The net direction of the electromotive forces developed in the heart during its activation, usually represented in the frontal plane. ... See: triaxial reference system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrical conductivity
<radiobiology> Degree to which a substance conducts electric current. Can be defined by: ... (current density) = (conductivity) (applied electric field) ... Electrons and ions both contribute to current in proportion to their mobility in the system. In a plasma with a magnetic field, there is no longer a one-to-one correspondence between curren …

electrical coupling
<physiology> General term for an intimate cytoplasmic contact, mediated by gap junctions, between touching cells, such that electrical current injected into either cell changes the membrane potential of both. ... In neurons, arrays of gap junctions form electrical synapses, that allow action potentials to pass directly between cells. However, …

electrical diastole
Period from end of T wave to beginning of next Q wave. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrical failure
Failure in which the cardiac inadequacy is secondary to disturbance of the electrical impulse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrical formula
A graphic representation by means of symbols of the reaction of a muscle to an electrical stimulus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrical heart position
A description of the heart's assumed electrical habitus based upon the form of the QRS complexes in leads aVL, aVF, V1, and V6. Sometimes loosely (and inaccurately) used to describe the frontal plane electric axis. ... Synonym: heart position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrical synapse
<physiology> A connection between two electrically excitable cells, such as neurons or muscle cells, via arrays of gap junctions. ... This allows the cells to be electrically coupled and so an action potential in one cell moves directly into the other, without the 1 ms delay inherent in chemical synapses. ... Electrical synapses do not allow mo …

electrical systole
The duration of the QRS-T complex (i.e., from the earliest Q-wave to the end of the latest T wave on the ECG). ... Electromechanical systole, the period from the beginning of the QRS complex to the first (aortic) vibration of the second heart sound. ... Synonym: Q-S2 interval. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electricity
Origin: Cf. F. Electricite. See Electric. ... 1. A power in nature, a manifestation of energy, exhibiting itself when in disturbed equilibrium or in activity by a circuit movement, the fact of direction in which involves polarity, or opposition of properties in opposite directions; also, by attraction for many substances, by a law involving attracti …

electrify
1. To communicate electricity to; to charge with electricity; as, to electrify a jar. ... 2. To cause electricity to pass through; to affect by electricity; to give an electric shock to; as, to electrify a limb, or the body. ... 3. To excite suddenly and violently, especially. By something highly delightful or inspiriting; to thrill; as, this patriot …

electro-
<physics, prefix> A prefix or combining form signifying pertaining to electricity, produced by electricity, producing or employing electricity, etc.; as, electronegative; electro-dynamic; electromagnet. ... Origin: L. Electrum amber. See Electric. ... An electrotype. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

electro-biology
1. <biology> That branch of biology which treats of the electrical phenomena of living organisms. ... 2. <physics> That phase of mesmerism or animal magnetism, the phenomena of which are supposed to be produced by a form of electricity. ... (03 Mar 1998) ...

electro-capillary
<physics> Pertaining to, or caused by, electro-capillarity. ... (03 Mar 1998) ...

electro-gilt
<chemistry> Gilded by means of voltaic electricity. ... (03 Mar 1998) ...

electro-oculogram
A record of electric currents in electro-oculography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electro-oculography
<investigation> Recording of the average amplitude of the resting potential arising between the cornea and the retina in light and dark adaptation as the eyes turn a standard distance to the right and the left. ... The increase in potential with light adaptation is used to evaluate the condition of the retinal pigment epithelium. ... Electrodes …

electro-olfactogram
<investigation> An electronegative wave of potential occurring on the surface of the olfactory epithelium in response to stimulation by an odour. ... Synonym: osmogram, Ottoson potential. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electro-osmosis
<chemistry> The diffusion of a substance through a membrane in an electric field. ... Compare: electrodialysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electro-puncturation
electro-puncturing ...

electro-tint
A style of engraving in relief by means of voltaic electricity. A picture is drawn on a metallic plate with some material which resists the fluids of a battery; so that, in electro-typing, the parts not covered by the varnish, etc, receive a deposition of metal, and produce the required copy in intaglio. A cast of this is then the plate for printin …

electroacupuncture
A form of acupuncture using low frequency electrically stimulated needles to produce analgesia and anaesthesia and to treat disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

electroanalgesia
Analgesia induced by the passage of an electric current. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electroanalysis
Quantitative analysis of metals by electrolysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electroanesthesia
Anaesthesia produced by an electric current. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electroaxonography
Synonym for axonography ... The recording of electrical changes in axons. ... Synonym: electroaxonography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electroballistics
<study> The art or science of measuring the force or velocity of projectiles by means of electricity. ... (03 Mar 1998) ...

electrobasograph
An apparatus for recording gait. ... Origin: electro-+ G. Basis, walking, + grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrobasography
The graphic process by which an electrobasograph is made; used for gait analysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrobioscopy
<biology> A rare method of determining the presence or absence of life in an animal organism with a current of electricity. ... Electricity is applied and the response noted, looking for the presence or absence of muscular contraction. ... Origin: electro-+ G. Bios, life, + skopeo, to examine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electroblotting
<molecular biology, technique> The use of an electric field to transfer proteins or nucleic acids from the electrophoresis gel to the blotting membrane as a part of Southern blotting, Northern blotting, or Western blotting. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

electrocardiogram
<cardiology, investigation> An recording of the electrical activity of the heart on a moving strip of paper. The electrocardiogram detects and records the electrical potential of the heart during contraction. ... Acronym: ECG ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

electrocardiograph
<apparatus> An instrument for recording the potential of the electrical currents that traverse the heart and initiate its contraction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrocardiographic complex
<cardiology, physiology> A deflection or group of deflections in the electrocardiogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrocardiographic wave
<cardiology, physiology> A deflection of special shape and extent in the electrocardiogram representing the electric activity of a portion of the heart muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrocardiography
<procedure> The making of graphic records of the variations in electrical potential caused by electrical activity of the heart muscle and detected at the body surface, as a method for studying the action of the heart muscle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

electrocardiophonogram
The record obtained by electrocardiophonography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrocardiophonography
Method of electrically recording the heart sounds. ... Origin: electro-+ G. Kardia, heart, + phone, sound, + grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrocauterization
Cauterization by passage of high frequency current through tissue or by metal that has been electrically heated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrocautery
<procedure> The cauterisation of tissue using electric current to generate heat. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

electrocerebral inactivity
Synonym for electrocerebral silence ... Flat or isoelectric encephalogram; an electroencephalogram with absence of cerebral activity over 2 uv from symmetrically placed electrode pairs 10 or more centimeters apart, and with interelectrode resistance between 100 and 10,000 ohms; if such a record is present for 30 minutes in a clinically brain dead ad …

electrocerebral silence
Flat or isoelectric encephalogram; an electroencephalogram with absence of cerebral activity over 2 uv from symmetrically placed electrode pairs 10 or more centimeters apart, and with interelectrode resistance between 100 and 10,000 ohms; if such a record is present for 30 minutes in a clinically brain dead adult and if drug intoxication, hypotherm …

electrochemical gradient
A measure of the tendency of an ion to move passively from one point to another, taking into consideration the differences in its concentration and in the electrical potentials between the two points; commonly expressed as the additional voltage needed to achieve equilibrium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrochemical potential
<chemistry> Defined as the work done in bringing 1 mole of an ion from a standard state (infinitely separated) to a specified concentration and electrical potential. ... Measured in joules/mole. More commonly used to measure the electrochemical potential difference between two points (e.g. Either side of a cell membrane), thus sidestepping the …

electrochemical sensor
<equipment> A type of biosensor, in which a biological process is harnessed to and measured by an electrical sensor system. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

electrochemistry
<study> The study of the interchange of chemical and electrical energy and the relation of electricity to chemical changes. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

electrocholecystectomy
<procedure> Rarely used term for removal of the gallbladder by electrosurgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrocholecystocausis
Rarely used term for cauterization of gallbladder mucosa by electrosurgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...