Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`
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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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electron microscope<instrument> A microscope (device used to magnify small objects) which beams electrons at and through the object of interest instead of light beams. Instead of a glass lens to bend the light, a powerful magnet is used to bend the electron beam. The microscope can only be operated in a vacuum. This type of microscope provides the greatest reso …
electron microscopy<procedure> Any form of microscopy in which the interactions of electrons with the specimens are used to provide information about the final structure of that specimen. ... In transmission electron microscopy the diffraction and adsorption of electrons as the electron beam passes normally through the specimen is imaged to provide information o …
electron optical axis<physics> The path of an electron through an electron optical system along which it suffers no deflection due to lens fields. This axis does not necessarily coincide with the mechanical axis of the system. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
electron optical system<apparatus> A combination of parts capable of producing and controlling a beam of electrons to produce an image of an object. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
electron optics<study> The science that deals with propagation electrons, as light optics deals with that of light and its phenomena. Eye lens (see lens, eye). ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
electron paramagnetic resonanceSynonym for electron spin resonance ... <physics> A spectrometric method, based on measurement of electron spins and magnetic moments, for detecting and estimating free radicals in reactions and in biological systems. ... Synonym: electron paramagnetic resonance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electron probe<physics> A narrow beam of electrons used to scan or illuminate an object or screen. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
electron probe microanalyser<apparatus> The qualitative and quantitative use of X-rays excited by a microprobe of electrons. Available with scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. ... Acronym: EMA ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
electron probe microanalysisIdentification and measurement of concentration of elements based on the fact that primary-emission X-rays emitted by an element excited by an electron beam have a wavelength characteristic of that element and an intensity related to its concentration. It may be performed by an electron probe microanalyzer, an electron microscope microanalyzer, or …
electron radiography<radiology> Radiographic imaging in which X-radiation incident on the receptor is converted to a latent charge image and subsequently recovered by a special printing process; advantages include wider latitude of exposure and greater sensitivity than conventional film-screen combinations. ... See: xeroradiography, phosphor plate. ... (05 Mar 200 …
electron resonance absorptionSynonym for electron spin resonance ... <physics> A spectrometric method, based on measurement of electron spins and magnetic moments, for detecting and estimating free radicals in reactions and in biological systems. ... Synonym: electron paramagnetic resonance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electron spin resonance<physics> A spectrometric method, based on measurement of electron spins and magnetic moments, for detecting and estimating free radicals in reactions and in biological systems. ... Synonym: electron paramagnetic resonance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electron trajectory<physics> The path of an electron. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
electron transfer flavin<biochemistry> Flavoproteins that participate in the electron transport pathway. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electron transportThe transport of electrons through a number of electron carriers in a set sequence. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
electron transport chain<biochemistry, chemistry> A series of compounds that transfer electrons to an eventual donor with concomitant energy conversion. ... One of the best studied is in the mitochondrial inner membrane, that takes NADH (from the tricarboxylic acid cycle) or FADH and transfers electrons via ubiquinone, cytochromes and various other compounds, to oxyg …
electron transport particles<cell biology> Fragments of mitochondria still capable of transporting electrons. ... One of the units occurring on the matrical surface of mitochondrial cristae; the head of the particle which measures about 9 nm, attaches to the membrane of the crista by a stalk 5 nm in length; the particle may be concerned with the electron transport system …
electron transport phosphorylation<biochemistry> Synthesis of ATP involving a membrane associated electron transport chain and the creation of a proton-motive force. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
electron transport systemSynonym for respiratory chain ... The mitochondrial electron transport chain. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
electron velocity<physics> The rate of motion of an electron. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
electron wavelength<physics> The wavelength necessary to account for the deviation of electron rays in crystals by wave diffraction theory. ... It is numerically equal to the quotient of Planck's constant divided by the electron momentum, mv. = h / mv, where: h = Planck's constant m = mass of electron v = velocity of electron ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
electron-volt<unit> A general unit of energy of moving particles, equal to the kinetic energy acquired by an electron losing one volt of potential, equal to 1.602 x 10-19 J. ... This is the energy an electron (or other particle of charge=1 such as a proton), gains as it is accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt. In plasma physics the electron …
electronarcosisProfound stupor produced by passing an electric current through the brain. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
electronegative<chemistry, physics> Relating to or charged with negative electricity. ... Normally refers to an element whose uncharged atoms have a tendency to ionise by adding electrons, thus becoming anions (e.g., oxygen, fluorine, chlorine). ... It has the property of being attracted by an electropositive body, or a tendency to pass to the positive pole d …
electronegative elementAn element whose atoms have a tendency to accept electrons and form negative ions (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, chlorine, etc.). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electronegativityThe likelihood that an atom or molecule will attract electrons, the strength of the attraction. ... The tendency of an atom or molecule to become negatively charged. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
electroneurographySynonym for electrodiagnosis ... Diagnosis of disease states by recording the spontaneous electrical activity of tissues or organs or by the response to stimulation of electrically excitable tissue. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
electroneurolysisDestruction of nerve tissue by electricity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electroneuromyographyA method of measuring changes in a peripheral nerve by combining electromyography of a muscle with electrical stimulation of the nerve trunk carrying fibres to and from the muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electronic1. Pertaining to electrons. ... 2. Denoting devices or systems utilizing the flow of electrons in a vacuum, gas, or semiconductor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electronic cell counter<apparatus, haematology> An automatic blood cell counter in which cells passing through an aperture alter resistance and are counted as voltage pulses, or in which cells passing through a flow cell deflect light. ... Some types of counter are capable of multiple simultaneous measurements on each blood sample; e.g., leukocyte count, red cell co …
electronic number<chemistry> The number of electrons in the outermost orbit (valence shell) of an element. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electronic pacemakerSynonym for electric cardiac pacemaker ... An electric device that can substitute for the normal cardiac pacemaker, controlling the heart's rhythm by artificial electric discharges. ... Synonym: electronic pacemaker. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electronic pacemaker loadThe impedance to the output, the standard load being 500 ohms resistance ± 1%. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electronic potential<chemistry, physiology> The measure (in volts) of electron pressure. A measure of the difference in electron concentrations between two compartments, such as either side of a cell membrane. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
electronsStable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called cathode rays or beta rays, the …
electronystagmogram<investigation> A test which involves the graphic recording of eye movements usually used to confirm the presence of nystagmus. ... This test is useful in the evaluation of dizziness (vertigo) and can help determine if there is damage to the vestibular portion of the acoustic nerve. It may be performed in situations of suspected acoustic neuro …
electronystagmography<investigation> A neurologic test which measures fine motor movements of the eye muscles, used to confirm the presence of nystagmus. ... Small metal electrodes are placed above, below and to the sides of each eye. A graphical recording of eye movements is then generated. This test is used to evaluate dizziness, vertigo and the function of the …
electroparacentesis<procedure> Removal of fluid, as from the eye, with an electrically activated instrument. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electropathologyThe study of pathologic conditions in their relation to electrical reactions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electropherogram<chemistry> The densitometric or colourimetric pattern obtained from filter paper or similar porous strips on which substances have been separated by electrophoresis; may also refer to the strips themselves. ... Synonym: electrophoretogram, ionogram, ionopherogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrophil1. The electron-attracting atom or agent in an organic reaction. ... Compare: nucleophil. ... 2. Relating to an electrophil. ... Synonym: electrophilic. ... Origin: electro-+ G. Philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrophileA molecule or group that does not have enough electrons and will tend totake them from a molecule or group with an excess of elecrons (nucleophile). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
electrophilicSynonym for electrophil ... 1. The electron-attracting atom or agent in an organic reaction. ... Compare: nucleophil. ... 2. Relating to an electrophil. ... Synonym: electrophilic. ... Origin: electro-+ G. Philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrophobia<psychology> Morbid fear of electricity. ... Origin: electro-+ G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrophonic effectThe sensation of hearing produced when an alternating current of suitable frequency and magnitude is passed from an external source through a person. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrophoresis<technique> Separation of ionic molecules, (principally proteins) by the differential migration through a gel according to the size and ionic charge of the molecules in an electrical field. High resolution techniques normally use a gel support for the fluid phase. ... Examples of gels used are starch, acrylamide, agarose or mixtures of acrylam …
electrophoresis, agar gelElectrophoresis in which agar or agarose gel is used as the diffusion medium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
electrophoresis, capillaryA highly-sensitive (in the picomolar range, which is 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional electrophoresis) and efficient technique that allows separation of proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
electrophoresis, cellulose acetateElectrophoresis in which cellulose acetate is the diffusion medium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
electrophoresis, discElectrophoresis in which discontinuities in both the voltage and pH gradients are introduced by using buffers of different composition and pH in the different parts of the gel column. The term 'disc' was originally used as an abbreviation for 'discontinuous' referring to the buffers employed, and does not have anything to do with the shape of the s …
electrophoresis, gel, pulsed-fieldElectrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up …
electrophoresis, paperElectrophoresis in which paper is used as the diffusion medium. This technique is confined almost entirely to separations of small molecules such as amino acids, peptides, and nucleotides, and relatively high voltages are nearly always used. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gelElectrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
electrophoresis, starch gelElectrophoresis in which a starch gel (a mixture of amylose and amylopectin) is used as the diffusion medium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
electrophoreticRelating to electrophoresis, as an electrophoretic separation. ... Synonym: ionophoretic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrophoretogramSynonym for electropherogram ... <chemistry> The densitometric or colourimetric pattern obtained from filter paper or similar porous strips on which substances have been separated by electrophoresis; may also refer to the strips themselves. ... Synonym: electrophoretogram, ionogram, ionopherogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrophorus<physics> An instrument for exciting electricity, and repeating the charge indefinitely by induction, consisting of a flat cake of resin, shelllac, or ebonite, upon which is placed a plate of metal. ... Origin: NL, fr. Combining form electro- + Gr. To bear. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...
electrophototherapyPhototherapy in which the source of the rays is the electric light. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrophrenicDenoting electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve usually at its motor point in the neck. ... See: electrophrenic respiration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrophrenic respirationThe rhythmical electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve by an electrode applied to the skin at the motor points of the phrenic nerve; it is used in paralysis of the respiratory centre resulting from acute bulbar poliomyelitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrophysiologic audiometryMeasurement of a patient's response to a sound stimulus by using various types of objective audiometric equipment or techniques without necessarily having the patient's conscious cooperation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrophysiological<physiology> Pertaining to electrophysiology, the electrical results produced through physiological agencies, or by change of action in a living organism. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...
electrophysiological studies<investigation> A special study that involves the placement of electrodes inside the heart to map the electrical characteristics of the heart. ... This study is carried out in a specially equipped lab and is similar to a cardiac catheterisation procedure. Electrodes are placed inside the heart via a catheter placed into a vein. The electrodes …
electrophysiology<physiology, study> That branch of physiology that is concerned with the electric phenomena associated with living bodies and involved in their functional activity. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...
electroplate<chemistry> To plate or cover with a coating of metal, usually silver, nickel, or gold, by means of electrolysis. ... Origin: Electroplating. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...
electroplaxA stack of specialised muscle fibres found in electric eels, arranged in series. The fibres have lost the ability to contract, instead they generate extremely high voltages (ca 500 V) in response to nervous stimulation. They contain asymmetrically distributed sodium potassium ATPases, acetylcholine receptors and sodium gates at extraordinarily high …
electropneumographAn obsolete electric apparatus used for recording breathing. ... See: pneumograph. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electroporationMethod for temporarily permeabilising cell membranes so as to facilitate the entry of large or hydrophilic molecules as in transfection). A brief (ca 1msec) electric pulse is given with potential gradients of about 700V/cm. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
electropositive1. <chemistry, physics> Of such a nature relatively to some other associated body or bodies, as to tend to the negative pole of a voltaic battery, in electrolysis, while the associated body tends to the positive pole. ... The converse or correlative of electronegative. Usually refers to an element whose atoms tend to lose electrons; e.g., sodi …
electropositive element<chemistry> An element whose atoms have a tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions (e.g., sodium). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electropuncture<surgery, technique> An operation that consists of inserting needle electrodes into the affected tissue and passing an electrical current through the electrodes piercing the tissues. ... (21 Jun 2000) ...
electropuncturingSynonym for electropuncture ... <surgery, technique> An operation that consists of inserting needle electrodes into the affected tissue and passing an electrical current through the electrodes piercing the tissues. ... (21 Jun 2000) ...
electroradiology<radiology> Archaic term for the use of electricity and X-ray in treatment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electroradiometer<apparatus> A modified electroscope designed for the differentiation of radiant energy. ... Origin: electro-+ L. Radius, ray, + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electroretinography<investigation> In this test an electrode is placed on the cornea of the eye to measure the electrical response of the rods and cones in the retina. It is useful in the evaluation of hereditary and acquired disorders of the retina. A normal test will show the appropriate pattern responses during moments of increased light intensity. Abnormal …
electroscissionDivision of tissues by means of an electrocautery knife. ... Origin: electro-+ L. Scissio, a splitting, fr. Scindo, to split ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electroscope<instrument, physics> An instrument for detecting the presence of electricity, or changes in the electric state of bodies, or the species of electricity present, as by means of pith balls, and the like. ... <physics> Condensing electroscope, a form of electroscope in which an increase of sensibility is obtained by the use of a condenser. …
electroshockInduction of a stress reaction in experimental subjects by means of an electrical shock; applies to either convulsive or non-convulsive states. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
electroshock therapyA form of treatment of mental disorders in which convulsions are produced by the passage of an electric current through the brain. ... Synonym: convulsive therapy, electroconvulsive therapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrosolSynonym for colloidal metal ... A colloidal solution of a metal obtained by passing electric sparks between terminals of the metal in distilled water. ... Synonym: electrosol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrospectrographyThe recording, study, and interpretation of electroencephalographic wave patterns. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrospinogramThe record obtained by electrospinography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrospinographyThe recording of spontaneous electrical activity of the spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrostatic analyser<radiobiology> A device which filters an electron beam (band-pass), permitting only electrons within a narrow energy (velocity) range to pass. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
electrostatic bondBond between atoms or groups carrying opposite charges (or, in some cases, partial charges). ... Synonym: heteropolar bond, salt bridge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrostatic confinement<radiobiology> An approach to fusion based on confining charged particles by means of electric fields, rather than the magnetic fields used in magnetic confinement. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
electrostatic field<radiobiology> The region surrounding an electric charge in which another charge experiences a force. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...
electrostatic force<radiobiology> Like charges in close proximity produce forces of repulsion between them. Consequently if two surfaces bear appreciable and approximately equal densities of charged groups on their surfaces appreciable forces of repulsion may occur between them. The range of these forces is determined in the main by the ionic strength of the in …
electrostatic lens<physics> A lens employing a permanent magnet to produce a potential field capable of deflecting electron rays to form an image of an object. (cf. Electromagnetic lens). ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
electrostatic unitThe unit in an absolute system (CGS) of unit's utilizing static electricity; e.g., statampere, statcoulomb, statfarad, stathenry, statvolt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrostatic wave<radiobiology> Longitudinal oscillations appearing in a plasma due to a perturbation of electric neutrality. For a cold unmagnetised plasma, or at large wavelengths, the frequency of these waves is by definition the plasma frequency. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
electrostenolysisThe precipitation of metals in membrane pores in the course of electrolysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrostereotypeSynonym for electrotype ... A facsimile plate made by electrotypy for use in printing; also, an impression or print from such plate. Also used adjectively. ... The face of an electrotype consists of a shell of copper, silver, or the like, produced by the action of an electrical current upon a plate of metal and a wax mold suspended in an acid bath an …
electrostethographElectrical instrument that amplifies or records the respiratory and cardiac sounds of the chest. ... Origin: electro-+ G. Stethos, chest, + grapho, to record ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrostrictionThe contraction in volume in a protein solution during proteolysis due to the formation of new charged groups. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrosurgeryDivision of tissues by a high-frequency current applied locally with a metal instrument or needle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
electrotaxisReaction of plant or animal protoplasm to either an anode or a cathode. ... See: tropism. ... Synonym: electrotropism, galvanotaxis, galvanotropism. ... Origin: electro-+ G. Taxis, orderly arrangement ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrothanasiaAn alternative term for electrocution. ... Origin: electro-+ G. Thanatos, death ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
electrotherapeutic sleep therapyTreatment by inducing sleep by means of nonconvulsive electric stimulation of the brain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
