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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

electrotherapeutics
The use of electricity in the treatment of disease. ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

electrotherapy
Synonym for electrotherapeutics ... The use of electricity in the treatment of disease. ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

electrotherm
A flexible sheet of resistance coils used for applying heat to the surface of the body. ... Origin: electro-+ G. Therme, heat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrotome
An electric scalpel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrotomy
Synonym for electrosurgery ... Division of tissues by a high-frequency current applied locally with a metal instrument or needle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

electrotonic
1. <physics> Of or pertaining to electrical tension; said of a supposed peculiar condition of a conducting circuit during its exposure to the action of another conducting circuit traversed by a uniform electric current when both circuits remain stationary. ... 2. <physiology> Relating to electrotonus; as, the electrotonic condition of a …

electrotonic junction
Synonym for gap junction ... <cell biology> A junction between two cells consisting of many pores that allow the passage of molecules up to about 900D. ... Each pore is formed by an hexagonal array (connexon) of six transmembrane proteins (connexins) in each plasma membrane: when mated together the pores open, allowing communication and the int …

electrotonic synapse
Synonym for gap junction ... <cell biology> A junction between two cells consisting of many pores that allow the passage of molecules up to about 900D. ... Each pore is formed by an hexagonal array (connexon) of six transmembrane proteins (connexins) in each plasma membrane: when mated together the pores open, allowing communication and the int …

electrotonous
Synonym for electrotonic ... 1. <physics> Of or pertaining to electrical tension; said of a supposed peculiar condition of a conducting circuit during its exposure to the action of another conducting circuit traversed by a uniform electric current when both circuits remain stationary. ... 2. <physiology> Relating to electrotonus; as, the …

electrotropism
Synonym: electrotaxis. ... Origin: electro-+ G. Trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

electrotype
A facsimile plate made by electrotypy for use in printing; also, an impression or print from such plate. Also used adjectively. ... The face of an electrotype consists of a shell of copper, silver, or the like, produced by the action of an electrical current upon a plate of metal and a wax mold suspended in an acid bath and connected with opposite p …

electuary
Origin: OE. Letuaire, OF. Lettuaire, electuaire, F. Electuaire, L. Electuarium, electarium. Prob. Fr. Gr, a medicine that is licked away, fr. Gr. To lick up; out + to lick. See Lick, and cf. Eclegm. ... <medicine> A medicine composed of powders, or other ingredients, incorporated with some convserve, honey, or sirup; a confection. See the note …

eledoisin
<chemical> A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (eledone spp., mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of substance p; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. ... Chemical name: Eledoisin ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

elegancy
1. The state or quality of being elegant; beauty as resulting from choice qualities and the complete absence of what deforms or impresses unpleasantly; grace given by art or practice; fine polish; refinement; said of manners, language, style, form, architecture, etc. 'That grace that elegance affords.' (Drayton) 'The endearing elegance of female fr …

elegantin
<protein> See disintegrin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

element
<chemistry> One of the 103 known chemical substances that cannot be divided into simpler substances by chemical means. A substance whose atoms all have the same atomic number. ... Examples: hydrogen, lead, uranium.(See atom, matter, nuclide.) ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

elementary bodies
Old term for virions, especially the largest virus particles, visible by light microscopy when stained. ... Synonym: platelet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elementary granule
A particle of blood dust, or haemoconia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elementary particle interactions
The interactions of particles responsible for their scattering and transformations (decays and reactions). Because of interactions, an isolated particle may decay into other particles. Two particles passing near each other may transform, perhaps into the same particles but with changed momenta (elastic scattering) or into other particles (inelastic …

elementary particles
<radiobiology> ... at a nuclear-energy level: electron & positron - seem to be stable, proton - thought to be stable, life greater than 10^30 sec, neutron - decays in ?6 min unless its in a nucleus, which often extends its life. ... Other particles important for nuclear energy: Muon, neutrino (m, e, tau), photon, Muonic atoms, Pi-meson anti …

elementary step
<chemistry> Reaction mechanisms are broken down into elementary steps. For each step the the reactants are directly involved in forming the transition state. Therefore a rate law can be written from an elementary step but not from an overall reaction. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

elements
Simple substances which cannot be decomposed by chemical means. They are made up of atoms which are alike in their peripheral electronic configurations, their chemical properties, and in the number of protons in their nuclei. They may differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

elements, radioactive
Chemical elements which spontaneously transmute into another element with corpuscular or electromagnetic radiation. The natural radioactive elements are all those with an atomic number above 83, and some other elements, such as potassium (atomic number 19) and rubidium (atomic number 7), which are very weakly radioactive. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

eleo-
Oil. ... See: oleo-. ... Origin: G. Elaion, olive oil ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

eleoma
Synonym: lipogranuloma. ... Origin: G. Elaion, oil, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

eleometer
Synonym: oleometer. ... Origin: G. Elaion, oil, + metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

eleopathy
A rare condition in which there is boggy swelling of the joints, said to be due to a fatty deposit following contusion; or possibly a condition resulting from the injection of paraffin oil as a form of malingering. ... Synonym: elaiopathia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

eleostearic acid
An 18-carbon fatty acid with three double bonds (at carbons 9, 11, and 13); isomeric with linolenic acid; found in plant fats. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

eleotherapy
Synonym: oleotherapy. ... Origin: G. Elaion, oil ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elephant
1. <zoology> A mammal of the order Proboscidia, of which two living species, Elephas Indicus and E. Africanus, and several fossil species, are known. They have a proboscis or trunk, and two large ivory tusks proceeding from the extremity of the upper jaw, and curving upwards. The molar teeth are large and have transverse folds. Elephants are …

elephant man's disease
Synonym for proteus syndrome ... <syndrome> A disturbance of cell growth including benign tumours under the skin, overgrowth of the body, often more on one side than the other (hemihypertrophy), and overgrowth of fingers (macrodactyly). The syndrome is named after the greek god proteus the polymorphous who could change his appearance. The elep …

elephantiasis neuromatosa
Enlargement of a limb due to diffuse neurofibromatosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elephantiasis scroti
Brawny swelling of the scrotum as a result of chronic lymphatic obstruction. ... Synonym: chyloderma, lymph scrotum, parasitic chylocele. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elephantiasis telangiectodes
Hypertrophy of the skin and subcutaneous tissues accompanied by and dependent upon dilation of the blood vessels. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elephantiasis vulvae
Synonym for chronic hypertrophic vulvitis ... Swelling of the vulval tissues due to lymphatic obstruction; in some cases it may be caused by filariasis, with induration or ulceration of the skin. ... Synonym: elephantiasis vulvae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elephantiasis, filarial
Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by wuchereria bancrofti or brugia malayi. It is also called lymphatic filariasis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

elephantine
Pertaining to the elephant, or resembling an elephant (commonly, in size); hence, huge; immense; heavy; as, of elephantine proportions; an elephantine step or tread. ... <geology> Elephantine epoch, the epoch distinguished by the existence of large pachyderms. ... <zoology> Elephantine tortoise, a huge land tortoise; especially, Testudo e …

elephantoid fever
Lymphangitis and an elevation of temperature marking the beginning of endemic elephantiasis (filariasis). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elevated hemidiaphragm
<radiology> Phrenic nerve paralysis: invasive carcinoma, trauma, aneurysm, idiopathic: right-sided in males, poss. Viral, subphrenic disease: abscess, peritonitis; pancreas, gall bladder, neurological disease: polio, peripheral neuritis, zoster, splinting: chest wall injury, myotonia congenita, pulmonary infarct, eventration, gaseous distensi …

elevation
1. The act of raising from a lower place, condition, or quality to a higher; said of material things, persons, the mind, the voice, etc.; as, the elevation of grain; elevation to a throne; elevation of mind, thoughts, or character. ... 2. Condition of being elevated; height; exaltation. 'Degrees of elevation above us.' 'His style . . . Wanted a litt …

elevator
One who, or that which, raises or lifts up anything; as: ... A mechanical contrivance, usually an endless belt or chain with a series of scoops or buckets, for transferring grain to an upper loft for storage. ... A cage or platform and the hoisting machinery in a hotel, warehouse, mine, etc, for conveying persons, goods, etc, to or from different flo …

elevator disease
Respiratory distress arising in persons who work in grain elevators resulting from inhalation of dusts or insects. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elevator muscle of anus
Synonym for levator ani muscle ... <anatomy> Formed by pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus muscles; origin, posterior body of pubis, tendinous arch of the levator ani, and spine of ischium; insertion, anococcygeal ligament, sides of the lower part of the sacrum and of coccyx; action, resists prolapsing forces and draws the anus upward following de …

elevator muscle of prostate
Synonym for levator prostatae muscle ... <anatomy> In the male, the most medial fibres of the levator ani (pubococcygeus) muscle that extend from the pubis into the fascia of the prostate. ... Synonym: musculus levator prostatae, elevator muscle of prostate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elevator muscle of rib
Synonym for levatores costarum muscles ... musculus levator costae, elevator muscle of rib, musculi levatores costarum ...

elevator muscle of scapula
Synonym for levator scapulae ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, from posterior tubercles of transverse processes of four upper cervical vertebrae; insertion, into superior angle of scapula; action, raises the scapula; nerve supply, dorsal scapular nerve. ... Synonym: musculus levator scapulae, elevator muscle of scapula, musculus levator anguli scap …

elevator muscle of soft palate
Synonym for levator veli palatini ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, apex of petrous portion of temporal bone and lower part of cartilaginous auditory (eustachian) tube; insertion, aponeurosis of soft palate; action, raises soft palate; through the expansion of its fleshy belly during contraction, it helps to 'push' open the auditory tube; nerve su …

elevator muscle of thyroid gland
Synonym for levator muscle of thyroid gland ... A fasciculus occasionally passing from the thyrohyoid muscle to the isthmus of the thyroid gland. ... Synonym: musculus levator glandulae thyroideae, elevator muscle of thyroid gland, Soemmerring's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elevator muscle of upper eyelid
Synonym for levator palpebrae superioris ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, orbital surface of the lesser wing of the sphenoid, above and anterior to the optic canal; insertion, skin of eyelid, tarsal plate, and orbital walls, by medial and lateral expansions of the aponeurosis of insertion; action, raises the upper eyelid; nerve supply, oculomotor …

elevator muscle of upper lip
Synonym for levator labii superioris ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, maxilla below infraorbital foramen; insertion, orbicularis oris of upper lip; action, elevates upper lip; nerve supply, facial. ... Synonym: musculus levator labii superioris, caput infraorbitale quadrati labii superioris, elevator muscle of upper lip. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elevators and escalators
Mechanical ascending and descending devices which convey objects and/or people. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

eleventh cranial nerve
Synonym for accessory nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The accessory nerve enervates the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the trapezius muscles. ... Lesions of the eleventh result in drooping of the shoulder and inability to rotate the head away from the affected side. ... Synonym: cranial nerve XI. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

elf
Origin: AS. Aelf, ylf; akin to MHG. Alp, G. Alp nightmare, incubus, Icel. Ltr elf, Sw. Alf, elfva; cf. Skr. Rbhu skillful, artful, rabh to grasp. Cf. Auf, Oaf. ... 1. An imaginary supernatural being, commonly a little sprite, much like a fairy; a mythological diminutive spirit, supposed to haunt hills and wild places, and generally represented as de …

elfin facies
Facies characterised by a short, upturned nose, wide mouth, widely spaced eyes, and full cheeks; it may be associated with hypercalcaemia, supravalvar aortic stenosis, and mental retardation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elicitor
<plant biology> Substance that induces the formation of phytoalexins in higher plants. May be exogenous (often produced by potentially pathogenic microorganisms) or endogenous (possibly cell wall degradation products). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

eligibility determination
Criteria to determine eligibility of patients for medical care programs and services. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

eliminate
1. To put out of doors; to expel; to discharge; to release; to set at liberty. 'Eliminate my spirit, give it range Through provinces of thought yet unexplored.' (Young) ... 2. <mathematics> To cause to disappear from an equation; as, to eliminate an unknown quantity. ... 3. To set aside as unimportant in a process of inductive inquiry; to leave …

elimination
<pharmacology> The act of expulsion or of extrusion, especially of drug expulsion from the body. ... Origin: L. Eliminatio, from limen = threshold ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

elimination diet
A diet designed to detect what ingredient of the food causes allergic manifestations in the patient; food items to which the patient may be sensitive are withdrawn separately and successively from the diet until that which causes the symptoms is discovered. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elimination disorders
Excretory-related psychiatric disorders usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

elimination half-life
<pharmacology> The time it takes for the body to eliminate or breakdown half of a dose of a pharmacologic agent. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

eliminative behaviour, animal
Behaviour associated with the elimination of feces and urine from the body. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

elinguation
Synonym: glossectomy. ... Origin: L. E, out, + lingua, tongue ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elinin
A lipoprotein fraction of red blood cells that contains the Rh and A and B factors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ELISA
Synonym for enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay ... <investigation> The enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay is serologic test used as a general screening tool for the detection of antibodies to the HIV virus. Reported as positive or negative. Since false positive tests due occur (for example recent flu shot), positives will require further eva …

elison
1. Division; separation. ... 2. The cutting off or suppression of a vowel or syllable, for the sake of meter or euphony; especially, in poetry, the dropping of a final vowel standing before an initial vowel in the following word, when the two words are drawn together. ... Origin: L. Elisio, fr. Elidere, elisum, to strike out: cf. F. Elision. See Elid …

elixir
1. <medicine> A tincture with more than one base; a compound tincture or medicine, composed of various substances, held in solution by alcohol in some form. ... 2. <chemistry> An imaginary liquor capable of transmuting metals into gold; also, one for producing life indefinitely; as, elixir vitae, or the elixir of life. ... 3. The refined …

ellagic acid
<chemical> 2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy(1)benzopyrano(5,4,3-cde)(1)-benzopyran-5,10-dione. A fused four ring compound occurring free or combined in galls. Isolated from the kino of eucalyptus maculata hook and e. Hemipholia f. Muell. Activates factor xii of the blood clotting system which also causes kinin release; used in research and as a dye. ... C …

Ellik, Milo
<person> U.S. Urologist, *1905. ... See: Ellik evacuator. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Elliot, John
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1852-1925. ... See: Elliot's position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Elliot, Robert
<person> British ophthalmologist, 1864-1936. ... See: Elliot's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Elliot's operation
Trephining of the eyeball at the corneoscleral margin to relieve tension in glaucoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Elliot's position
A supine position upon a double inclined plane or on a single inclined plane, with a cushion under the back at the level of the liver; used to facilitate abdominal section. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Elliott, Thomas
<person> British physician, 1877-1961. ... See: Elliott's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Elliott's law
Adrenaline acts upon those structures innervated by sympathetic nerve fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ellipse
1. <geometry> An oval or oblong figure, bounded by a regular curve, which corresponds to an oblique projection of a circle, or an oblique section of a cone through its opposite sides. The greatest diameter of the ellipse is the major axis, and the least diameter is the minor axis. See Conic section, under Conic, and cf. Focus. ... 2. Omission. …

ellipsoid
<geometry> A solid, all plane sections of which are ellipses or circles. See Conoid, 2 . ... The ellipsoid has three principal plane sections, a, b, and c, each at right angles to the other two, and each dividing the solid into two equal and symmetrical parts. The lines of meeting of these principal sections are the axes, or principal diameter …

ellipsoidal joint
A modified ball-and-socket synovial joint in which the joint surfaces are elongated or ellipsoidal; it is a biaxial joint, i.e., two axes of motion at right angles to each other, the radiocarpal being an example. ... Synonym: articulatio ellipsoidea, articulatio condylaris, condylar articulation, condylar joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ellipsosome
<cell biology> Membrane bounded compartment containing cytochrome like pigment and found in the retinal cones of some fish. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

elliptic
Oval in outline, widest at the centre. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

elliptical
1. Of or pertaining to an ellipse; having the form of an ellipse; oblong, with rounded ends. 'The planets move in elliptic orbits.' (Cheyne) ... 2. Having a part omitted; as, an elliptical phrase. Elliptic chuck. See Chuck. Elliptic compasses, an instrument arranged for drawing ellipses. Elliptic function. ... <mathematics> See Integral. Ellipt …

elliptical amputation
Circular amputation in which the sweep of the knife is not exactly vertical to the axis of the limb, the outline of the cut surface being therefore elliptical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elliptical anastomosis
A modification of direct anastomosis whereby one or both tubular structures are spatulated beforehand, thus creating an ellipse of greater cross-sectional as well as circumferential dimension than would be possible with a bevelled or circular anastomosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elliptical recess
An oval depression in the roof and inner wall of the vestibule of the labyrinth, lodging the utriculus. ... Synonym: recessus ellipticus, fovea elliptica, fovea hemielliptica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ellipticines
<chemical> A group of antileukaemic agents with immunosuppressive properties, isolated primarily from ochrosia elliptica. They inhibit both DNA and RNA synthesis. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, phytogenic, immunosuppressive agents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ellipticity
Deviation of an ellipse or a spheroid from the form of a circle or a sphere; especially, in reference to the figure of the earth, the difference between the equatorial and polar semidiameters, divided by the equatorial; thus, the ellipticity of the earth is 1/29966. ... Some writers use ellipticity as the ratio of the difference of the two semiaxes …

elliptocytary anaemia
Anaemia with elliptocytosis; a heterogeneous group of inherited anaemias having in common elliptical red cells on blood smear. The defect may reside in dysfunction or deficiency of proteins of the red cell membrane skeleton. ... Synonym: elliptocytotic anaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elliptocyte
An elliptical red blood corpuscle found normally in the lower vertebrates with the exception of Cyclostomata; in mammals it occurs normally only among the camels (family Camelidae), hence cameloid cell. ... Synonym: cameloid cell, ovalocyte. ... Origin: G. Elleipsis, a leaving out, an ellipse, + kytos, cell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elliptocytic anaemia
Anaemia characterised by elliptical erythrocytes (ovalocytes) resembling those observed normally in camels; 1 to 15% of erythrocytes in nonanaemic persons may be oval, but greater proportions are observed in certain patients with microcytic anaemia. ... See: elliptocytosis. ... Synonym: cameloid anaemia, ovalocytic anaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

elliptocytosis
Haematologic disorder characterised by elliptically shaped red blood cells (elliptocytosis) with variable breakup of red cells (haemolysis) and varying degrees of anaemia. Inherited as a dominant trait. Due to mutation (change) in one of the genes encoding proteins of the red cell membrane skeleton. In 1956 Newton Morton brilliantly showed that the …

elliptocytosis, hereditary
An intrinsic defect of erythrocytes inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The erythrocytes assume an oval or elliptical shape. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

elliptocytotic anaemia
Synonym for elliptocytary anaemia ... Anaemia with elliptocytosis; a heterogeneous group of inherited anaemias having in common elliptical red cells on blood smear. The defect may reside in dysfunction or deficiency of proteins of the red cell membrane skeleton. ... Synonym: elliptocytotic anaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ellis type 1 glomerulonephritis
An obsolete designation for glomerulonephritis presenting as acute glomerulonephritis, followed by complete recovery in most cases, or the development of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, or incomplete remission with persistent proteinuria and subsequent development of chronic glomerulonephritis. ... Synonym: Ellis type 1 nephritis. ... (05 Mar …

Ellis type 1 nephritis
Synonym for Ellis type 1 glomerulonephritis ... An obsolete designation for glomerulonephritis presenting as acute glomerulonephritis, followed by complete recovery in most cases, or the development of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, or incomplete remission with persistent proteinuria and subsequent development of chronic glomerulonephritis. …

Ellis type 2 glomerulonephritis
An obsolete designation for glomerulonephritis which is usually not related to preceding bacterial infection; characterised by an insidious onset of the nephrotic syndrome, failure of complete remission, and eventual development of chronic renal failure. The kidneys usually show membranous glomerulonephritis. ... Synonym: Ellis type 2 nephritis. ... …

Ellis type 2 nephritis
Synonym for Ellis type 2 glomerulonephritis ... An obsolete designation for glomerulonephritis which is usually not related to preceding bacterial infection; characterised by an insidious onset of the nephrotic syndrome, failure of complete remission, and eventual development of chronic renal failure. The kidneys usually show membranous glomerulonep …

Ellis type II
<nephrology> A type of nephritis that is characterised by low serum albumin, large amount of protein in the urine and swelling (oedema). Swelling, weight gain, high blood pressure and anorexia are key features. Nephrotic syndrome can be seen with a number of illness that cause damage to the kidney glomerulus. ... Examples include diabetes, her …

ellis-van creveld syndrome
<radiology> Chondro-ectodermal dysplasia, hereditary (especially seen in Amish of Pennsylvania), polydactyly (100%), congenital heart disease (60%), abnormalities of cutaneous appendages (skin, hair, nails) More info: Ellis-van Creveld syndrome ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Ellis, Richard
<person> English physician, 1902-1966. ... See: Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ellison, Edwin
<person> U.S. Physician, 1918-1970. ... See: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Zollinger-Ellison tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...