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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

Osgood
Robert B., U.S. Orthopedic surgeon, 1873-1956. ... See: Osgood-Schlatter disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osgood-schlatter disease
<disease> A common knee disorder in teenage boys, results from the chronic avulsion of the tibial tubercle, a bony prominence on the tibia. ... Symptoms include knee pain with range of motion, especially against resistance. Knee pain is often worse after prolonged physical activity. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

OSHA
<abbreviation> Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the U.S. Department of Labour, responsible for establishing and enforcing safety and health standards in the workplace. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osier
<botany> A kind of willow (Salix viminalis) growing in wet places in Europe and Asia, and introduced into North America. It is considered the best of the willows for basket work. The name is sometimes given to any kind of willow. ... One of the long, pliable twigs of this plant, or of other somilar plants. 'The rank of osiers by the murmuring …

oskar
An egg polarity gene in Drosophila, concentrated at the posterior pole of the egg and required for subsequent posterior structures. A maternal effect gene. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Osler
Sir William, Canadian physician in U.S. And England, 1849-1919. ... See: Osler's disease, Osler node, Osler's sign, Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Osler node
A tender cutaneous lesion, probably of immunopathic origin, characteristic of subacute bacterial endocarditis; small, raised, and discolored, these node's usually appear in the pads of fingers or toes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Osler-Vaquez disease
Synonym for polycythemia vera ... Overproduction (proliferation) of red blood cells due to bone marrow disease (myeloproferative disorder). Pv tends to evolve into acute leukaemia or a condition with the marrow replaced by scar tissue (myelofibrosis) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

osler-weber-rendu disease
<disease> An inherited disease characterised by thin blood vessel walls in the nose, skin and gastrointestinal tract. This condition ins associated with a high risk of bleeding complications. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Osler's disease
Synonym for polycythemia vera ... Overproduction (proliferation) of red blood cells due to bone marrow disease (myeloproferative disorder). Pv tends to evolve into acute leukaemia or a condition with the marrow replaced by scar tissue (myelofibrosis) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Osler's sign
<clinical sign> In acute bacterial endocarditis, circumscribed painful erythematous swellings, ranging in size from that of a pinhead to that of a pea, in the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the hands and feet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmatic
Synonym: olfactory. ... Origin: G. Osme, smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmesis
Synonym: olfaction. ... Origin: G. Osmesis, smelling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmic
<chemistry> Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, osmium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a valence higher than in other lower compounds; as, osmic oxide. Osmic acid. ... <chemistry> A white volatile crystalline substance, OsO4, the most stable and characteristic of the compounds of osmium. It has a burnin …

osmic acid
OsO4;a volatile caustic and strong oxidizing agent; colourless crystals, poorly soluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents; the aqueous solution is a fat and myelin stain and a general fixative for electron microscopy. ... Synonym: osmium tetroxide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmic acid fixative
A fixative used alone in buffer or as a postfixative after a glutaraldehyde fixative in electron microscopy; an excellent membrane fixative but a poor preservative of chromatin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmicate
To stain or fix with osmic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmication
Osmification ... The fixation of tissue with an osmic acid solution; also serves as a stain for both light and electron microscopy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmics
The science of olfaction. ... Origin: G. Osme, smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmiophilic
Having an affinity for osmium tetroxide. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

osmiophobic
Not readily stained with osmic acid. ... Origin: osmium + G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmious
<chemistry> Denoting those compounds of osmium in which the element has a valence relatively lower than in the osmic compounds; as, osmious chloride. ... <chemistry> Alternative forms: osmous] Osmious acid, an acid derived from osmium, analogous to sulphurous acid, and forming unstable salts. It is a brown amorphous substance. ... Source: …

osmium
<chemistry> A rare metallic element of the platinum group, found native as an alloy in platinum ore, and in iridosmine. It is a hard, infusible, bluish or grayish white metal, and the heaviest substance known. Its tetroxide is used in histological experiments to stain tissues. Symbol Os. Atomic weight 191.1. Specific gravity 22.477. ... Origin …

osmium compounds
Inorganic compounds that contain osmium as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

osmium tetroxide
<chemical> Used as a post fixative/stain in electron microscopy. Membranes in particular are osmiophilic, i.e. Bind osmium tetroxide. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

osmo-
1. Osmosis. ... Origin: G. Osmos, impulsion ... 2. Smell, odour. ... Origin: G. Osme ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmoceptor
Synonym for osmoreceptor ... 1. A receptor in the central nervous system (probably the hypothalamus) that responds to changes in the osmotic pressure of the blood. ... Origin: G. Osmos, impulsion ... 2. A receptor that receives olfactory stimuli. ... Origin: G. Osme, smell ... Synonym: osmoceptor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmodysphoria
An abnormal dislike of certain odours. ... Origin: G. Osme, smell, + dys-, bad, + phora, a carrying ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmogram
Synonym: electro-olfactogram. ... Origin: G. Osme, smell, + gramma, a drawing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmolal clearance
The volume of urine that would be excreted per minute if the urinary solutes were accompanied by just enough water to make the urine isosmotic with plasma, i.e., so that the solute excretion did not change the osmolality of body fluids. To calculate it, the volume of urine excreted per minute is multiplied by the urinary osmolality (usually measure …

osmolality
<chemistry> The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions, osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression and vapour pressure lowering. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

osmolar
Synonym for osmotic ... <chemistry> Pertaining to or of the nature of osmosis (= the passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a membrane which selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules, but is permeable to the solvent). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

osmolar concentration
The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

osmolarity
<chemistry> The concentration of osmotically active particles expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per litre of solution. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

osmole
The molecular weight of a solute, in grams, divided by the number of ions or particles into which it dissociates in solution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmology
1. The study of odours, their production, and their effects. ... Synonym: osphresiology. ... 2. The study of osmosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmophil
Osmophilic ... Flourishing in a medium of high osmotic pressure. ... Origin: osmo(sis) + G. Phileo, to love ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmophobia
Synonym: olfactophobia. ... Origin: G. Osme, smell, + phobia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmophore
The group of atoms in the molecule of a compound that is responsible for the compound's characteristic odour. ... Origin: G. Osme, smell, + phonos, bearing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmoreceptor
1. A receptor in the central nervous system (probably the hypothalamus) that responds to changes in the osmotic pressure of the blood. ... Origin: G. Osmos, impulsion ... 2. A receptor that receives olfactory stimuli. ... Origin: G. Osme, smell ... Synonym: osmoceptor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmoregulation
<biochemistry, physiology> Processes by which a cell regulates its internal osmotic pressure. These may include water transport, ion accumulation or loss, synthesis of osmotically active substances such as glycerol in the alga Dunaliella, activation of membrane ATPases etc. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

osmoregulatory
Influencing the degree and rapidity of osmosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmose
<chemistry> The tendency in fluids to mix, or become equably diffused, when in contact. It was first observed between fluids of differing densities, and as taking place through a membrane or an intervening porous structure. The more rapid flow from the thinner to the thicker fluid was then called endosmose, and the opposite, slower current, e …

osmosis
<chemistry> The movement of solvent through a membrane impermeable to solute, in order to balance the chemical potential due to the concentration differences on each side of the membrane. Frequently mis used in the popular press. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

osmosity
An indirect measure of the osmotic characteristics of a solution, in terms of a comparable sodium chloride solution, now rendered obsolete by the more precisely defined term osmolality. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmotherapy
Dehydration by means of intravenous injections of hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride, dextrose, urea, mannitol, or other osmotically active substances, or by oral administration of glycerine, isosorbide, glycine, etc.; used in the treatment of cerebral oedema and increased intracranial pressure. ... Origin: osmosis + therapy ... (05 Mar 2000) …

osmotic
<chemistry> Pertaining to or of the nature of osmosis (= the passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a membrane which selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules, but is permeable to the solvent). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

osmotic diuresis
Diuresis due to a high concentration of osmotically active substances in the renal tubules (e.g., urea, sodium sulfate), which limit the reabsorption of water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmotic diuretics
Drugs, such as mannitol, which by their osmotic effects retain water during urine formation and thus dilute electrolytes in the urine, making resorption less efficient; they promote the elimination of water and electrolytes in the urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmotic fragility
The susceptibility, or lack of resistance, of erythrocytes to haemolysis when exposed to increasingly hypotonic saline solutions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

osmotic nephrosis
Swelling of renal tubular epithelium associated with glomerular filtration of sugars and dextrose; the swelling is due to formation of cytoplasmic vesicles by pinocytosis, and is reversible, probably with no dysfunction, when produced by glucose or mannitol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osmotic pressure
See: osmosis. The pressure required to prevent osmotic flow across a semi permeable membrane separating two solutions of different solute concentration. Equal to the pressure that can be set up by osmotic flow in this system. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

osmotic shock
Passage of solvent into a membrane bound structure due to osmosis, causing rupture of the membrane. A method of lysing cells or organelles. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

osmotolerance
The measure of a plant's capability to withstand drought or to thrive in large amounts of salt in its water supply. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

osmund
<botany> A fern of the genus Osmunda, or flowering fern. The most remarkable species is the osmund royal, or royal fern (Osmunda regalis), which grows in wet or boggy places, and has large bipinnate fronds, often with a panicle of capsules at the top. The rootstock contains much starch, and has been used in stiffening linen. ... Source: Webste …

osphresio-
Odour; sense of smell. ... Origin: G. Osphresis, smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osphresiolagnia
Sexual excitement produced by odours. ... Origin: osphresio-+ G. Lagneia, lust ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osphresiologic
Relating to osphresiology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osphresiology
Synonym: osmology. ... Origin: osphresio-+ G. Logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osphresiophilia
An unusual interest in odours. ... Origin: osphresio-+ G. Phileo, to love ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osphresiophobia
Synonym: olfactophobia. ... Origin: osphresio-+ G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osphresis
Synonym: olfaction. ... Origin: G. Osphresis, smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osphretic
Synonym for olfactory ... <physiology> Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the sense of smell; as, the olfactory nerves; the olfactory cells. ... <anatomy> Olfactory organ, an organ for smelling. In vertebrates the olfactory organs are more or less complicated sacs, situated in the front part of the head and lined with epithelium innerv …

ossa
Plural of L. Os, bone. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossa carpi
Synonym for carpal bones ... Eight bones arranged in two rows that articulate proximally with the radius and indirectly with the ulna, and distally with the five metacarpal bones; in domestic mammals, the bones of the proximal row are called radial, intermediate, ulnar, and accessory, while those of the distal row are termed first, second, third, an …

ossa cranii
Synonym for bones of skull ... The paired inferior nasal concha, lacrimal, maxilla, nasal, palatine, parietal, temporal, and zygomatic; and the unpaired ethmoid, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and vomer. ... Synonym: ossa cranii, cranial bones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossa digitorum
Synonym for bones of digits ... The phalanges and sesamoid bones of the fingers and toes. ... Synonym: ossa digitorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossa faciei
Synonym for facial bones ... The facial skeleton, consisting of bones situated between the cranial base and the mandibular region. While some consider the facial bones to comprise the hyoid, palatine, and zygomatic bones, mandible, and maxilla, others include also the lacrimal and nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer but exclude the hyoid b …

ossa membri inferioris
Synonym for bones of lower limb ... These include the inferior limb girdle (hip bone) and the skeleton of the free inferior limb (femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsus, metatarsus, and bones of the toes). ... Synonym: ossa membri inferioris, bones of inferior limb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossa membri superioris
Synonym for bones of upper limb ... These include the superior limb girdle (scapula and clavicle) and the skeleton of the free superior limb (humerus, radius, ulna, wrist bones, metacarpus, and bones of the fingers). ... Synonym: ossa membri superioris, bones of superior limb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossa suturarum
Synonym for sutural bones ... Small irregular bones found along the sutures of the cranium, particularly related to the parietal bone. ... Synonym: ossa suturarum, Andernach's ossicles, epactal bones, epactal ossicles, wormian bones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossa tarsi
Synonym for tarsal bones ... The seven bones which form the tarsus - namely, calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and first, second and third cuneiforms. The tarsus is a skeletal part of the foot. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

osseo-
Bony. ... See: ossi-, osteo-. ... Origin: L. Osseus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osseocartilaginous
Relating to, or composed of, both bone and cartilage. ... Synonym: osteocartilaginous, osteochondrous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osseointegration
The growth action of bone tissue, as it assimilates surgically implanted devices or prostheses to be used as either replacement parts (e.g., hip) or as anchors (e.g., endosseous dental implants). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

osseomucin
The ground substance of bony tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osseomucoid
A mucoid derived from ossein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osseous ampulla
Synonym for ampulla of the semicircular canals ... A circumscribed dilation of one extremity of each of the three bony semicircular canals, anterior, posterior, and lateral; each contains an ampulla of the semicircular ducts. ... Synonym: ampulla ossea, osseous ampulla. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osseous cell
Synonym for osteocyte ... <pathology> Osteoblast that is embedded in bony tissue and which is relatively inactive. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

osseous hydatid cyst
A morphological form of hydatid cyst caused by Echinococcus granulosus, and found in the long bones or the pelvic arch of humans if the embryo is filtered out in bony tissue; in this site no limiting membrane forms and the cyst grows in an uncontrolled fashion, producing cancellous structures and inducing fracture, followed by spread to new sites.< …

osseous labyrinth
Synonym for bony labyrinth ... A series of cavities (cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals) contained within the otic capsule of the petrous portion of the temporal bone; the bony labyrinth is filled with perilymph, in which the delicate, endolymph-filled membranous labyrinth is suspended. ... Synonym: labyrinthus osseus, osseous labyrinth. ... …

osseous lacuna
A cavity in bony tissue occupied by an osteocyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osseous part of skeletal system
The part of the skeleton composed of bone. ... Synonym: pars ossea systematis skeletalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osseous polyp
A polyp consisting in part of bony tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osseous spiral lamina
A double plate of bone winding spirally around the modiolus dividing the spiral canal of the cochlea incompletely into two, scala tympani and scala vestibuli; between the two plates of this lamina the fibres of the cochlear nerve reach the spiral organ (of Corti). ... Synonym: lamina spiralis ossea, spiral plate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

osseous tissue
A connective tissue, the matrix of which consists of collagen fibres and ground substance and in which are deposited calcium salts (phosphate, carbonate, and some fluoride) in the form of an apatite. ... Synonym: bone tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossi-
Bone. ... See: osseo-, osteo-. ... Origin: L. Os ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossicle
<anatomy> A small bone, particularly applied to the tiny bones of the middle ear, stapes, malleus and incus. ... Origin: L. Ossiculum ... (29 Sep 1997) ...

ossicula
Plural of ossiculum. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossicula auditus
Synonym for auditory ossicles ... The small bones of the middle ear; they are articulated to form a chain for the transmission of sound from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. ... Synonym: ossicula auditus, ear bones, ossicular chain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossicula mentalia
Small nodules of bone that appear at the symphysis menti shortly before birth and fuse with the mandible after birth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossicular
Pertaining to an ossicle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossicular chain
Synonym for auditory ossicles ... The small bones of the middle ear; they are articulated to form a chain for the transmission of sound from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. ... Synonym: ossicula auditus, ear bones, ossicular chain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossicular prosthesis
An implant used to replace one or more of the ear ossicles. They are usually made of plastic, gelfoam, ceramic, or stainless steel. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ossicular replacement
Surgical insertion of an implant to replace one or more of the ear ossicles. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ossiculectomy
<procedure> Removal of one or more of the ossicles of the middle ear. ... Origin: L. Ossiculum, ossicle, + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossiculotomy
<procedure> Division of one of the processes of the ossicles of the middle ear, or of a fibrous band causing ankylosis between any two ossicles. ... Origin: L. Ossiculum, ossicle, + G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ossific centre
Synonym for centre of ossification ... <orthopaedics, physiology> The site of earliest bone formation via accumulation of osteoblasts within connective tissue (membranous ossification) or of earliest destruction of cartilage prior to onset of ossification (endochondral ossification). ... Synonym: punctum ossificationis, ossific centre, point of …

ossification
<orthopaedics> Pathology> The formation of bone or of a bony substance, the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. ... Origin: L. Ossificatio ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ossification, heterotopic
The development of bony substance in normally soft structures. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...