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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

oxidopamine
<chemical> 5-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2,4-benzenetriol. A catecholamine, vasoactive neurotoxic compound which depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. The compound has been used clinically for purging of neuroblastoma cells prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation. When used by sub …

oxidoreductase
<enzyme> An oxidase that uses molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oxidoreductases
<enzyme> The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidised is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases whe …

oxidoreductases, n-demethylating
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 1.5. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxidoreductases, o-demethylating
<enzyme> Drug metabolizing enzymes which oxidise methyl ethers. Usually found in liver microsomes. ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oximes
Compounds (cis or trans) that contain the radical, =c:n.oh; a condensation product of aldehydes or ketones. Members of this group frequently function as cholinesterase reactivators. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oximeter
A photoelectric device that measures the amount of oxygen inblood and other fluids. ... An instrument that measures the oxygenlevels in an enclosed, controlled space such as an incubator or bioreactor. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

oximetry
The determination of oxygen-haemoglobin saturation of blood either by withdrawing a sample and passing it through a classical photoelectric oximeter or by electrodes attached to some translucent part of the body like finger, earlobe, or skin fold. It includes non-invasive oxygen monitoring by pulse oximetry. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxirane
Synonym for ethylene oxide ... <chemical> Chemical name: Oxirane ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxo acid
Synonym for keto acid ... An acid containing a ketone group (-CO-) in addition to the acid group(s); alpha-keto acid refers to a 2-oxo acid (e.g., pyruvic acid); beta-keto acid refers to a 3-oxo acid (e.g., acetoacetic acid), etc. ... Synonym: oxo acid. ... Alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase, one of several distinct multienzyme complexes that catalyses the …

oxo-
<prefix> Prefix denoting addition of oxygen; used in place of keto-in systematic nomenclature. ... See: hydroxy-, oxa-, oxy-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxo-acid-lyases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond of a 3-hydroxy acid. ... Registry number: EC 4.1.3. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxoacetic acid
Synonym for glyoxylic acid ... OHC-COOH;produced by the action of glycine dehydrogenases upon glycine or sarcosine, or from allantoic acid by allantoicase or via alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. ... Synonym: oxoacetic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxolamine
5-(2-Diethylaminoethyl)-3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole;used for treatment of bronchopulmonary infections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxolinic acid
<chemical> 5-ethyl-5,8-dihydro-8-oxo-1,3-dioxolo(4,5-g)quinoline-7-carboxylic acid. Synthetic antimicrobial related to nalidixic acid and used in urinary tract infections. ... Pharmacological action: anti-infective agents, quinolone, anti-infective agents, urinary. ... Chemical name: 1,3-Dioxolo(4,5-g)quinoline-7-carboxylic acid, 5-ethyl-5,8-di …

oxonic acid
<chemical> 2,4-dihydroxy-6-carboxy-1,3,5-triazine. Antagonist of urate oxidase. ... Chemical name: 1,3,5-Triazine-2-carboxylic acid, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4,6-dioxo- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxonium ion
Synonym for hydronium ion ... <chemistry> A positively charged ion that is water with an additional hydrogen atom (H3O). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

oxophenarsine hydrochloride
3-Amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsineoxide hydrochloride;an antisyphilitic and antitrypanosomal agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxosuccinic acid
Synonym for oxaloacetic acid ... HOOC-CO-CH2COOH;a ketodicarboxylic acid and important intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle; the product formed when l-aspartic acid acts as an amine donor in transamination reactions. ... Synonym: ketosuccinic acid, oxosuccinic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxotremorine
<chemical> A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool. ... Pharmacological action: muscarinic agonist. ... Chemical name: 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-(4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-butynyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxprenolol
<chemical> A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic beta-antagonists, anti-anxiety agents, anti-arrhythmia agents, antihypertensive agents, sympatholytics, vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: 2-Propanol, 1-((1-methylethyl)amino)-3-(2- …

oxprenolol hydrochloride
1-[o-(Allyloxy)phenoxy]-3-(isopropylamino)-2-propanol hydrochloride;a beta-receptor blocking agent with coronary vasodilator activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

OXT
<abbreviation> Oxytocin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxtriphylline
A true salt of theophylline; it has mild diuretic, myocardial stimulating vasodilator, and bronchodilator actions, with the same uses as theophylline, but is better absorbed and less irritating. ... Synonym: choline theophyllinate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxy-
<chemistry, prefix> A prefix, also used adjectively, designating a compound containing oxygen. ... A compound containing the hydroxyl group, more properly designated by hydroxy-. See Hydroxy-. Oxy acid. See Oxyacid (below). ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

oxyacoia
Oxyakoia ... Increased sensitiveness to noises, occurring in facial paralysis, especially when the stapedius muscle is paralysed. ... Origin: G. Oxys, acute, + akoe, hearing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyaphia
Synonym: hyperaphia. ... Origin: G. Oxys, acute, + haphe, touch ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxybarbiturates
Hypnotics of the barbiturate group in which the atom attached at the carbon-2 position is oxygen; virtually all hypnotic barbituates are oxybarbituate's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxybenzone
2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;an ultraviolet screen for use in skin ointments and lotions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxybiotin
An analogue and antimetabolite of biotin, in which the sulfur atom is replaced by oxygen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxybutynin chloride
Alpha-Phenylcyclohexaneglycolic acid 4-(diethylamino)-2-butynyl ester hydrochloride;an intestinal antispasmodic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxycalorimeter
A calorimeter measuring energy content of substances in terms of oxygen consumed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxycellulose
Cellulose that has been oxidised by NO2 or other oxidizing agents to the point where all or most of the glucose residues have been converted to glucuronic acid residues; used as an adsorbent in chromatography or other adsorption processes. ... See: oxidised cellulose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxycephalia
Synonym for oxycephaly ... A type of craniosynostosis in which there is premature closure of the lambdoid and coronal sutures, resulting in an abnormally high, peaked, or conically shaped skull. ... Synonym: acrocephalia, acrocephaly, hypsicephaly, hypsocephaly, oxycephalia, steeple skull, tower skull, turricephaly. ... Origin: G. Oxys, pointed, + kep …

oxycephalic
Oxycephalous ... Relating to or characterised by oxycephaly. ... Synonym: acrocephalic, acrocephalous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxycephaly
A type of craniosynostosis in which there is premature closure of the lambdoid and coronal sutures, resulting in an abnormally high, peaked, or conically shaped skull. ... Synonym: acrocephalia, acrocephaly, hypsicephaly, hypsocephaly, oxycephalia, steeple skull, tower skull, turricephaly. ... Origin: G. Oxys, pointed, + kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000 …

oxychromatic
Synonym: acidophilic. ... Origin: G. Oxys, sour, acid, + chroma, colour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxychromatin
Chromatin that stains with acid dyes, as in interphase nuclei. ... Synonym: oxyphil chromatin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyclozanide
<chemical> 3,3',5,5',6-pentachloro-2'-hydroxysalicylanilide. Anthelmintic used in grazing animals for fasciola and cestode infestations. ... Pharmacological action: antiplatyhelmintic agents. ... Chemical name: Benzamide, 2,3,5-trichloro-N-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-hydroxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxycodone
<chemical> (5 alpha)-4,5-epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan- 6-one. Semisynthetic derivative of codeine that acts as a narcotic analgesic more potent and addicting than codeine. ... Pharmacological action: antitussive agents, narcotics, analgesics, opioid. ... Chemical name: Morphinan-6-one, 4,5-epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-, …

oxyesthesia
Synonym: hyperesthesia. ... Origin: G. Oxys, acute, + aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyfedrine
<chemical> L-3[(beta-hydroxy-alpha-methylphenethyl)amino]-3'-methoxypropiophenone. A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and has acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent. ... Pharmacological action: adrenerg …

oxygen
1. <chemistry> A colourless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element occurring in the free state in the atmosphere, of which it forms about 23 per cent by weight and about 21 per cent by volume, being slightly heavier than nitrogen. Symbol O. Atomic weight 15.96. ... It occurs combined in immense quantities, forming eight ninths by weight of wate …

oxygen affinity anoxia
Anoxia due to inability of haemoglobin to release oxygen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygen affinity hypoxia
Hypoxia due to reduced ability of haemoglobin to release oxygen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygen capacity
The maximum quantity of oxygen that will combine chemically with the haemoglobin in a unit volume of blood; normally it amounts to 1.34 ml of O2 per gm of Hb or 20 ml of O2 per 100 ml of blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygen compounds
Inorganic compounds that contain oxygen as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxygen consumption
The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen stpd used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxygen debt
The extra oxygen (compared with its usual oxygen intake at rest) an organismconsumes after a period of strenouousphysical activity. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

oxygen deficit
The difference between oxygen uptake of the body during early stages of exercise and during a similar duration in a steady state of exercise; sometimes considered as the formation of the oxygen debt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygen dependent killing
One of the most important bactericidal mechanisms of mammalian phagocytes involves the production of various toxic oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals) through the metabolic burst. Although anaerobic killing is possible, the oxygen dependent mechanism is crucial for normal resistance to infection and a d …

oxygen derived free radicals
An atom or atom group having an unpaired electron on an oxygen atom, typically derived from molecular oxygen. For example, one-electron reduction of O2 produces the superoxide radical, O2-; other examples include the hydroperoxyl radical (HOO-), the hydroxyl radical (HO-), and nitric oxide (NO-). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygen effect
Enhancement of radiosensitivity of cells in a high concentration of oxygen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygen electrode
A sensitive method to detect oxygen consumption, involves a PTFE (Teflon) membrane. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oxygen inhalation therapy
Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxygen isotopes
Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxygen poisoning
Synonym for oxygen toxicity ... A body disturbance resulting from breathing high partial pressures of oxygen; characterised by visual and hearing abnormalities, unusual fatigue while breathing, muscular twitching, anxiety, confusion, incoordination, and convulsions; although the mechanism for development of the condition is obscure, a disruption of …

oxygen radical
<chemistry> Any oxygen species that carries an unpaired electron (except free oxygen). ... Examples are the hydroxyl radical and the superoxide anion. These radicals are very powerful oxidizing agents and cause structural damage to proteins and nucleic acids. They mediate the damaging effects of ionising radiation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oxygen radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of oxygen that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. O atoms with atomic weights 13, 14, 15, 19, and 20 are radioactive oxygen isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxygen tent
A transparent enclosure, suspended over the bed and enclosing the patient, used to supply a high concentration of oxygen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygen therapy
Treatment in which an increased concentration of oxygen is made available for breathing, through a nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygen toxicity
A body disturbance resulting from breathing high partial pressures of oxygen; characterised by visual and hearing abnormalities, unusual fatigue while breathing, muscular twitching, anxiety, confusion, incoordination, and convulsions; although the mechanism for development of the condition is obscure, a disruption of enzymatic activity is likely, p …

oxygen utilization coefficient
The extraction coefficient for oxygen in any given tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygen-15
A cyclotron-produced, positron-emitting radioisotope of oxygen with a half-life of 122.2 seconds; used in studies of respiratory function and in positron emission tomography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygen-16
The common oxygen isotope, making up 99.76% of natural oxygen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygen-17
The rarest of the stable oxygen isotopes, making up 0.04% of natural oxygen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygen-18
A stable oxygen isotope making up 0.20% of natural oxygen; used in mass spectrometry and in NMR studies of tissue. ... Synonym: heavy oxygen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygenase
<enzyme> That catalyses the incorporation of the oxygen of molecular oxygen into organic substrates. Dioxygenases (oxygen transferases) catalyse introduction of both atoms of molecular oxygen, monoxygenases (mixed function oxygenases) introduce one atom, the other becomes reduced to water, so that these enzymes require a second substrate, act …

oxygenases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 1.13. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxygenation
The process of supplying, treating or mixing with oxygen. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oxygenators
Devices which mechanically oxygenate venous blood extracorporeally. They are used in combination with one or more pumps for maintaining circulation during open heart surgery and for assisting the circulation in patients seriously ill with some cardiac and pulmonary disorders. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxygenators, membrane
Devices in which blood and oxygen are separated by a semipermeable membrane, generally of teflon or polypropylene, across which gas exchange occurs. The membrane may be arranged as a series of parallel plates or as a number of hollow fibres; in the latter arrangement, the blood may flow inside the fibres, which are surrounded by gas, or the blood m …

oxygenic photosynthesis
Use of light energy to synthesise ATP and NADPH by noncyclic photophosphorylation with the production of oxygen from water. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

oxygenise
To oxidise with oxygen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxygeusia
Synonym: hypergeusia. ... Origin: G. Oxys, acute, + geusis, taste ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyhemoglobin oxidase
<enzyme> Oxyhemoglobin (ferrous) is oxidised by methemoglobin (ferric) ... Registry number: EC 1.16.- ... Synonym: haemoglobin oxidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

oxyhemoglobins
A compound formed by the combination of haemoglobin and oxygen. It is a complex in which the oxygen is bound directly to the iron without causing a change from the ferrous to the ferric state. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxyhydrogen
<chemistry> Of or pertaining to a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen; as, oxyhydrogen gas. Oxyhydrogen blowpipe. ... <chemistry> See Blowpipe. Oxyhydrogen microscope, a form of microscope arranged so as to use the light produced by burning lime or limestone under a current of oxyhydrogen gas. ... Origin: Oxy- + hydrogen. ... Source: Websters D …

oxyiodide
A compound of oxygen with a metallic iodide, e.g., an iodate or periodate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxykrinin
<protein> A hormone that is produced by the epithelial cells of the duodenum under the stimulus of acid secretion from the stomach. Secretin stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice that aids in digestion. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

oxyluciferin
The activated derivative of luciferin formed in bioluminescence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxymesterone
4,17b-Dihydroxy-17-methylandrost-4-en-3-one;an anabolic steroid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxymetazoline
<chemical> A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic alpha-agonists, nasal decongestants, sympathomimetic. ... Chemical name: Phenol, 3-((4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,4-dimethyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxymetazoline hydrochloride
6-Tert-butyl-3-(2-imidazolin-2-ylmethyl)-2,4-dimentylphenol hydrochloride;a vasoconstrictor used topically to reduce swelling and congestion of the nasal mucosa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxymetholone
<chemical> (5 alpha,17 beta)-17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methylandrostan-3-one. A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anaemias. According to the fourth annual report on carcinogens (ntp 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. ... Pharmacologica …

oxymorphone
<chemical> An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of morphine, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anaesthesia. ... Pharmacological action: analgesics, opioid, anaesthesia adjuvants, na …

oxymorphone hydrochloride
14-Hydroxydihydromorphinone hydrochloride;a semisynthetic narcotic analgesic closely related chemically to hydromorphone hydrochloride; its actions are similar to those of morphine, but more potent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxymyoglobin
Myoglobin in its oxygenated form, analogous in structure to oxyhemoglobin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxynervone
Synonym for hydroxynervone ... A cerebroside containing alpha-hydroxynervonic acid. ... Synonym: oxynervone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyntic cell
Cell of the gastric epithelium that secretes hydrochloric acid. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oxyntic gland
Synonym for acid gland ... One of the gastric gland's secreting the hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice. ... Synonym: oxyntic gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyntomodulin
<protein> Peptide produced by cleavage of proglucagon by prohormone convertases. Cleavage also produced glicentin in addition to glucagon itself. JBC 270:10136 ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oxyosmia
Synonym: hyperosmia. ... Origin: G. Oxys, acute + osme, sense of smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyosphresia
Synonym: hyperosmia. ... Origin: G. Oxys, acute, + osphresis, smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxypertine
5,6-Dimethoxy-2-methyl-3-[2-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl]indole;an antianxiety agent; also available as the hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyphenbutazone
<chemical> A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflamation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. it had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longe …

oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride
The hydrochloride of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methylpyrimidin-2-ylmethyl-alpha-cyclohexyl-alpha-hydroxy-alpha-phenylacetate; an anticholinergic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyphenisatin acetate
<chemical> 3,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-indolinone acetate. A laxative that undergoes enterohepatic circulation. It may cause jaundice. ... Pharmacological action: cathartic. ... Chemical name: 2H-Indol-2-one, 3,3-bis(4-(acetyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dihydro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxyphenonium
<chemical> A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of atropine. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect. ... Pharmacological action: muscarinic antagonists, …

oxyphenonium bromide
Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)methylammonium bromide alpha-phenyl-alpha-cyclohexylglycolate;a quaternary ammonium compound with anticholinergic action. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...