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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

pancreas, artificial
Devices for simulating the activity of the pancreas. They can be either electromechanical, consisting of a glucose sensor, computer, and insulin pump or bioartificial, consisting of isolated islets of langerhans in an artificial membrane. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreat-
Pancreatico-pancreato-pancreo- ... The pancreas. ... Origin: G. Pankreas, pancreas ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatalgia
Pain arising from the pancreas or felt in or near the region of the pancreas. ... Origin: pancreat-+ G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatectomy
<procedure> Surgical removal of the pancreas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatemphraxis
Obstruction in the pancreatic duct, causing swelling of the gland. ... Origin: pancreat-+ G. Emphraxis, a stoppage ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic
<anatomy> Of or pertaining to the pancreas; as, the pancreatic secretion, digestion, ferments. ... <physiology> Pancreatic juice, a colourless alkaline fluid secreted intermittently by the pancreatic gland. It is one of the most important of the digestive fluids, containing at least three distinct ferments, trypsin, steapsin and an amylo …

pancreatic abscess
An abscess in the pancreatic or peripancreatic area usually related to pancreatitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic acinar cell
<pathology> Cells of the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes, the archetypal secretory cell upon which much of the early work on the sequence of events in the secretory process was done. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pancreatic adenocarcinoma
<radiology> Males (60%), blacks more than whites, risk factors: tobacco, familial pancreatitis, not EtOH!, focal mass in 95%, pancreatic head in 66%, small (low-density, hypoechoic) mass, infiltrates locally, obstructs ducts and encases vessels, metastasis to liver, local nodes See also: pancreatic neoplasms ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatic branches
Branches to the pancreas. Nomina Anatomica lists pancreatic branches of 1) splenic artery, rami pancreatici arteriae splenicae; 2) superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, rami pancreatici arteriae pancreaticoduodenalis superioris. ... Synonym: rami pancreatici. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic calcifications
<radiology> Chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (85-90%), hereditary pancreatitis, 309], tumours, especially cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma, hyperparathyroidism, kwashiorkor, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic, rarely: trauma, infarction, intraparenchymal haemorrhage, associated with slight increased in panc carcinoma ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatic calculus
A concretion, usually multiple, in the pancreatic duct, associated with chronic pancreatitis. ... Synonym: pancreatolith, pancreolith. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic cancer
<oncology> A malignant growth of the pancreas. More than 90% are ductal adenocarcinomas with islet cell carcinomas making up the difference. ... Symptoms include abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, jaundice, weight loss and anorexia. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

pancreatic cholera
Synonym for diarrhoea pancreatica ... Diarrhoea characterised by severe, watery, secretory diarrhoea and hyperkalaemia; most patients have hypercalcaemia, many have hyperglycaemia; results from excessive secretion of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) by an islet cell tumour of the pancreas. Sometimes called WDHA syndrome. ... See: Verner-Morrison s …

pancreatic colic
Severe colicky abdominal pain, resembling that of biliary colic, caused by the passage of a pancreatic calculus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic cyst
A true cyst of the pancreas to be distinguished from the much more common pancreatic pseudocyst by possessing a mucous epithelial lining. Pancreatic cysts are categorised as congenital, retention, neoplastic, parasitic, enterogenous, or dermoid. Congenital cysts occur more frequently as solitary cysts but may be multiple. Retention cysts are gross …

pancreatic cystic neoplasms
<radiology> Microcystic adenoma, glycogen, benign, mucinous cystic neoplasm, macrocystic adenoma, cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma, mucin, pre-malignant, Both occur more commonly in women, peak in middle age ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatic cystoduodenostomy
<procedure> Surgical or endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst into duodenum. ... Synonym: duodenocystostomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic deoxyribonuclease
Synonym for deoxyribonuclease I ... <enzyme> An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing highly polymerised DNA by splitting phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide. This catalyses endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA yielding 5'-phosphodi- and oligonucleotide end-products. The enzyme has a preference for double-stranded DN …

pancreatic diabetes
Diabetes mellitus demonstrably dependent upon a pancreatic lesion, diabetes following removal of the pancreas in an animal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic diarrhoea
Synonym for diarrhoea pancreatica ... Diarrhoea characterised by severe, watery, secretory diarrhoea and hyperkalaemia; most patients have hypercalcaemia, many have hyperglycaemia; results from excessive secretion of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) by an islet cell tumour of the pancreas. Sometimes called WDHA syndrome. ... See: Verner-Morrison s …

pancreatic digestion
Digestion in the intestine by the enzymes of the pancreatic juice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic diverticula
The ventral and dorsal endodermal buds from the embryonic foregut that constitute the primordia of the parenchyma of the pancreas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic dornase
A stabilised deoxyribonuclease preparation from beef pancreas; used by inhalation in the form of aerosols to reduce thick mucopurulent secretions in certain bronchopulmonary infections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic duct
The excretory duct of the pancreas that extends through the gland from tail to head where it empties into the duodenum at the greater duodenal papilla. ... Synonym: ductus pancreaticus, Hoffmann's duct, Wirsung's canal, Wirsung's duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic encephalopathy
A metabolic encephalopathy associated with extensive pancreatic necrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic enzyme
<biochemistry> One of the proteins made by the pancreas that aid digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

pancreatic extracts
Extracts prepared from pancreatic tissue that may contain the pancreatic enzymes or other specific uncharacterised factors or proteins with specific activities. Pancreatin is a specific extract containing digestive enzymes and used to treat pancreatic insufficiency. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatic fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the pancreas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatic function tests
Tests based on the biochemistry and physiology of the exocrine pancreas and involving analysis of blood, duodenal contents, feces, or urine for products of pancreatic secretion. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatic hormones
Peptide hormones secreted into the blood by cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas. The alpha cells secrete glucagon; the beta cells secrete insulin; the delta cells secrete somatostatin; and the pp cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatic hyperglycaemic hormone
Synonym for glucagon ... A polypeptide hormone (3485 D) secreted by the cells of the Islets of Langerhans in response to a fall in blood sugar levels. Induces hyperglycaemia. A family of structurally related peptides includes glucagon like peptides 1 & 2 (encoded by the same gene), gastric inhibitory polypeptide, secretin, vasoactive intestinal …

pancreatic infantilism
Infantilism associated with deficiency or absence of pancreatic secretion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic insufficiency
Not enough of the digestive enzymes normally secreted by the pancreas into the intestine. Pancreatic insufficiency is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatic islands
Synonym for Islets of Langerhans ... <anatomy> Groups of cells found within the pancreas: A cells and B-cells secrete insulin and glucagon. ... See: D cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pancreatic isleT-cell tumours
<radiology> Insulinoma (beta-cell), usually solitary, 85% benign, gastrinoma, small, slow-growing, multiple, 60% malignant, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: mult. Intractable ulcers, VIPoma, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), WDHA syndrome: watery diarrhoea, hypokalaemia, achlorhydria, Verner-Morrison syndrome, glucagonoma, hyperglycaemia, migra …

pancreatic islets
Synonym for Islets of Langerhans ... <anatomy> Groups of cells found within the pancreas: A cells and B-cells secrete insulin and glucagon. ... See: D cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pancreatic juice
The liquid secretion of the pancreas, which is discharged into the duodenum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatic juices
Fluids made by the pancreas that contain digestive enzymes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatic lymph nodes
Nodes draining the body and tail of the pancreas; they are subdivided into two groups: inferior pancreatic lymph nodes (nodi lymphatici pancreatici inferiores ), located along the inferior pancreatic artery; superior pancreatic lymph nodes (nodi lymphatici pancreatici superiores ), located along the splenic artery near the origin of its pancreatic …

pancreatic neoplasms
<radiology> Adenocarcinoma, most common, usually in pancreatic head, nasty (1-2% survival at 1 yr!), cystic neoplasms, slow-growing, more common in women, isleT-cell tumours, soft-tissue tumours (rare), metastases (breast, lung, melanoma, stomach, colon) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatic notch
A notch separating the uncinate process of the head of the pancreas from the neck. ... Synonym: incisura pancreatis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic plexus
The autonomic plexus that accompanies the pancreatic arteries. ... Synonym: plexus pancreaticus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic polypeptide
<chemical> A 36-amino acid polypeptide with physiological regulatory functions. It is secreted by pancreatic tissue. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide increases after ingestion of food, with age, and in disease states. A lack of pancreatic polypeptide in the islets of langerhans has been associated with the obese syndrome in rats and mice. ... Che …

pancreatic pseudocyst
Cyst-like space not lined by epithelium and contained within the pancreas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatic pseudocysts
<radiology> AETIOLOGY: acute pancreatitis, blunt abdominal trauma, surgery, many occur in absence of any known cause ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatic RNase
See: ribonuclease (pancreatic). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic sphincter
Synonym for sphincter of pancreatic duct ... Smooth muscle sphincter of the main pancreatic duct immediately proximal to the hepatoduodenal, ampulla. ... Synonym: musculus sphincter ductus pancreatici, pancreatic sphincter, sphincter muscle of pancreatic duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic steatorrhoea
Steatorrhoea due to the absence of pancreatic juice from the intestine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatic veins
Veins draining the pancreas, emptying into the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein. ... Synonym: venae pancreaticae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatico-
See: pancreat-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreaticoduodenal
Relating to the pancreas and the duodenum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes
Nodes along the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries. ... Synonym: nodi lymphatici pancreaticoduodenales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreaticoduodenal transplantation
A technically feasible transplantation including both the duodenum and pancreas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreaticoduodenal veins
Veins that accompany the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, emptying into the superior mesenteric or portal vein. ... Synonym: venae pancreaticoduodenales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreaticoduodenectomy
<procedure> The excision of the head of the pancreas and the encircling loop of the duodenum to which it is connected. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreaticoenteric recess
A recess of the embryonic peritoneal cavity that develops into the adult omental bursa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreaticojejunostomy
<procedure> Surgical anastomosis of the pancreatic duct, or the divided end of the transected pancreas, with the jejunum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes
Lymph nodes of the pancreatic tail and spleen, receiving afferents from both organs plus the greater curvature of the stomach; they drain to the coeliac lymph nodes. ... Synonym: nodi lymphatici pancreticolienales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatin
<physiology> One of the digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a preparation containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of animals, and used in medicine as an aid to digestion. ... By some the term pancreatin is restricted to the amylolytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, by others it is applied to trypsin, and by still othe …

pancreatitis
<gastroenterology, surgery> Acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas, which may be asymptomatic or symptomatic and which is due to autodigestion of a pancreatic tissue by its own enzymes. ... It is caused most often by alcoholism or biliary tract disease, less commonly it may be associated with hyperlipaemia, hyperparathyroidism, abdomina …

pancreatitis, acute necrotizing
Acute inflammation of the pancreas with areas of devitalised pancreatic and/or peripancreatic tissue. These necrotic areas may involve large areas of the pancreas or may be small. When a ct scan is performed with contrast media using a bolus technique, necrotic areas do not perfuse with media and are not enhanced. The lack of enhancement distinguis …

pancreatitis, alcoholic
An acute or chronic degenerative and inflammatory lesion of the pancreas in the alcoholic which is potentially progressive or possibly reversible. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreato-
See: pancreat-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatocholecystostomy
<procedure> A rarely performed surgical anastomosis between a pancreatic cyst or fistula and the gallbladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatoduodenectomy
<procedure> Excision of all or part of the pancreas together with the duodenum. ... Synonym: Whipple's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatoduodenostomy
<procedure> Surgical anastomosis of a pancreatic duct, cyst, or fistula to the duodenum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatogastrostomy
<procedure> Surgical anastomosis of a pancreatic cyst or fistula to the stomach. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatogenic
Pancreatogenous ... Of pancreatic origin; formed in the pancreas. ... Origin: pancreato-+ G. Genesis, origin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatogenous diarrhoea
Diarrhoea in which the stools are bulky, pale, foul, greasy, and oily, as a result of malabsorption of fat due to deficient secretion of pancreatic enzymes in chronic pancreatitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatography
Radiographic demonstration of the pancreatic ducts, after retrograde injection of radiopaque material into the distal duct. ... Origin: pancreato-+ G. Grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatojejunostomy
<procedure> Surgical anastomosis of a pancreatic duct, cyst, or fistula to the jejunum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatolith
Synonym: pancreatic calculus. ... Origin: pancreato-+ G. Lithos, stone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatolithectomy
Synonym: pancreatolithotomy. ... Origin: pancreato-+ G. Lithos, stone, + ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatolithiasis
Stones in the pancreas, usually found in the pancreatic duct system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatolithotomy
<procedure> Removal of a pancreatic concretion. ... Synonym: pancreatolithectomy. ... Origin: pancreato-+ G. Lithos, stone, + tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatolysis
Destruction of the pancreas. ... Origin: pancreato-+ G. Lysis, dissolution ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatolytic
Denoting pancreatolysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the pancreas. ... Origin: pancreato-+ G. Megas, great ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatomy
Synonym for pancreatotomy ... <procedure> Incision of the pancreas. ... Synonym: pancreatomy. ... Origin: pancreato-+ G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatopathy
Any disease of the pancreas. ... Synonym: pancreopathy. ... Origin: pancreato-+ G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatopeptidase
<enzyme> A protease of broad specificity, obtained from dried pancreas. Molecular weight is approximately 25,000. The enzyme breaks down elastin, the specific protein of elastic fibres, and digests other proteins such as fibrin, haemoglobin, albumin, etc. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.36 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancreatopeptidase E
See: elastase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatotomy
<procedure> Incision of the pancreas. ... Synonym: pancreatomy. ... Origin: pancreato-+ G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreatropic
Exerting an action on the pancreas. ... Origin: pancreat-+ G. Tropikos, relating to a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreectomy
Synonym for pancreatectomy ... <procedure> Surgical removal of the pancreas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pancrelipase
<chemical> Preparation of hog pancreas containing lipolytic enzymes ... Synonym: cotazyme, viokase, pancrenase, creon ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

pancreo-
See: pancreat-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreolith
Synonym: pancreatic calculus. ... Origin: pancreo-+ G. Lithos, stone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreopathy
Synonym for pancreatopathy ... Any disease of the pancreas. ... Synonym: pancreopathy. ... Origin: pancreato-+ G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreoprivic
Without a pancreas (obsolete term). ... Origin: pancreo-+ L. Privus, deprived of ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancreozymin
Synonym for cholecystokinin ... <chemical> A 33-amino acid peptide secreted by the upper intestinal mucosa and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. ... Chemi …

pancuronium
<chemical> A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than curare but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release. ... Pharmacological action: neuromuscular nondepolarising agents, nicotinic antagonists. ... Chemical name: Piperidinium, 1,1'-((2 …

pancuronium bromide
2b,16b-Dipiperidino-5a-androstane-3a,17b-diol diacetate dimethobromide;a nondepolarising steroidal neuromuscular blocking agent resembling curare but without its potential for ganglionic blockade, histamine release, or hypotension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pancytopenia
<haematology> Deficiency of all cell elements of the blood, aplastic anaemia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

pancytopenia, fanconi
A genetic (inherited) disease with progressive decline in blood cells and a tendency to leukaemia. Also known as fanconi anaemia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

pandect
1. A treatise which comprehends the whole of any science. '[Thou] a pandect mak'st, and universal book.' (Donne) ... 2. The digest, or abridgment, in fifty books, of the decisions, writings, and opinions of the old Roman jurists, made in the sixth century by direction of the emperor Justinian, and forming the leading compilation of the Roman civil l …

pandemic
An epidemic that affects awide geographic area. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

pandemicity
The state or condition of being pandemic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

pander
1. A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer. 'Thou art the pander to her dishonor.' (Shak) ... 2. Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and passions of another. 'Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition.' (Burke) ... Origin: From Pandarus, a leader in the Trojan army, who is represented by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for Troilus the …