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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

oxyphil
Oxyphile ... 1. Oxyphil cell. ... Synonym: eosinophilic leukocyte. ... Synonym: oxyphilic. ... Origin: G. Oxys, sour, acid, + philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyphil adenoma
Synonym for oncocytoma ... <tumour> A glandular tumour composed of large cells with cytoplasm that is granular and eosinophilic due to the presence of abundant mitochondria; occurs uncommonly in the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands. ... Synonym: oxyphil adenoma. ... Origin: onco-+ G. Kytos, cell, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyphil cell
See: Askenazy cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oxyphil cells
Cell's of the parathyroid gland that increase in number with age; the cytoplasm contains numerous mitochondria and stains with eosin. Similar cell's, and tumours composed of them, are found in salivary glands and the thyroid; in the latter, also called Hurthle cell's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyphil chromatin
Synonym for oxychromatin ... Chromatin that stains with acid dyes, as in interphase nuclei. ... Synonym: oxyphil chromatin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyphil granule
Synonym for acidophil granule ... A granule that stains with an acid dye such as eosin. ... Synonym: oxyphil granule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyphilic
Having an affinity for acid dyes; denoting certain cell or tissue elements. ... Synonym: oxyphil, oxyphile. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyphilic leukocyte
Synonym for eosinophilic leukocyte ... A polymorphonuclear leukocyte characterised by many large or prominent, refractile, cytoplasmic granules that are fairly uniform in size and bright yellow-red or orange when treated with Wright's or similar stains; the nuclei are usually larger than those of neutrophils, do not stain as deeply, and characterist …

oxyphonia
Shrillness or high pitch of the voice. ... Origin: G. Oxys, sharp, + phone, voice ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxypolygelatin
A modified gelatin used as a plasma extender in transfusions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxypurine
A purine containing oxygen; e.g., hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxypurinol
<chemical> A xanthine oxidase inhibitor. ... Pharmacological action: enzyme inhibitors. ... Chemical name: 1H-Pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Oxyrase
<enzyme> Commercial mixture of mono and dioxygenases used to remove dissolved o2 from aqueous and semisolid environments ... Registry number: EC 1.14.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

oxyrhine
Having a sharp-pointed nose. ... Origin: G. Oxys, sharp, + rhis (rhin-), nose ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyrygmia
An obsolete term for eructation of acid fluid. ... Origin: G. Oxys, acid, + erygmos, eructation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxysome
<cell biology> Multimolecular array that acts as a unit in oxidative phosphorylation. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Oxyspirura mansoni
A widely distributed spiruroid nematode parasite found under the nictitating membrane in the eye of turkeys, chickens, peafowl, quail, and grouse; larvae develop to the infective stage in cockroaches. ... Synonym: Manson's eye worm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxytalan
A type of connective tissue fibre histochemically distinct from collagen or elastic fibres described in the periodontal ligament and gingivae. ... Origin: G. Oxys, acid, + talas, suffering, resisting; coined term probably intended to mean 'resistant to acid hydrolysis' ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxytetracycline
<chemical> (4s-(4 alpha,4a alpha,5a alpha,6 beta,12a alpha))-4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,6,10,12,12a-hexahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide. An antibiotic substance isolated from the actinomycete streptomyces rimosus and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions. ... Pharmacological action: antibi …

oxythiamin
A molecule similar to that of thiamin but with a hydroxyl group replacing the amino group on the pyrimidine ring; a thiamin antagonist capable of inducing symptoms of thiamin deficiency on administration; increases thiamin excretion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxythiamine
<chemical> Thiamine antagonist, antimetabolite. ... Pharmacological action: antimetabolites. ... Chemical name: Thiazolium, 3-((1,4-dihydro-2-methyl-4-oxo-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxytocia
Rapid parturition. ... Origin: G. Okytokos, swift birth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxytocic
1. Pertaining to, characterised by or promoting oxytocia (= rapid labour). ... 2. An agent that hastens evacuation of the uterus by stimulating contractions of the myometrium. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oxytocics
Drugs that stimulate contraction of the myometrium. They are used to induce labour at term, to prevent or control postpartum or postabortion haemorrhage, and to assess foetal status in high risk pregnancies. They may also be used alone or with other drugs to induce abortions (abortifacients). Oxytocics used clinically include the neurohypophyseal h …

oxytocin
<protein> A peptide hormone (1007 D) from hypothalamus: transported to the posterior lobe of the pituitary (see neurophysin). Induces smooth muscle contraction in uterus and mammary glands. Related to vasopressin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

oxytocinase
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.4.11.3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxytricha
A genus of ciliate protozoa having a unique cursorial type of locomotion. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxyuriasis
Small nematode, Enterobius vermicularis, that is responsible for intestinal infection in humans. It appears as a small thread-like worm approximately 3-5mm in length. ... Common symptoms include anal itching that is worse at night when the female worm migrates to the anus to lay its eggs. Thin, white, thread-like worms may be visible at the anal ope …

oxyuricide
An agent that destroys pinworms. ... Origin: oxyurid + L. Caedo, to kill ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyurid
Common name for members of the family Oxyuridae. ... Origin: see Oxyuris ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyurida
An order of nematodes of the subclass secernentea. Its organisms are characterised by a single, ventral excretory gland and a relatively stout, short body. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxyurida infections
Infections with nematodes of the order oxyurida. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Oxyuridae
A family of parasitic nematodes (superfamily Oxyuroidea) found in the large intestine or caecum of vertebrates and the intestine of invertebrates, especially insects and millipedes; it includes the genera Aspiculurus, Enterobius, Oxyuris, Passalurus, Syphacia, and Thelandros. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

oxyuris
A group of intestinal worms that includes pinworm. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oxyuroidea
A superfamily of parasitic nematodes consisting of several genera. Enterobius, which occurs in humans, and oxyuris, which occurs in horses, are two of the most common. Other genera are: skrjabinema, passalurus, dermatoxys, and probstmayria. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oyster
1. <marine biology, zoology> Any marine bivalve mollusk of the genus Ostrea. They are usually found adhering to rocks or other fixed objects in shallow water along the seacoasts, or in brackish water in the mouth of rivers. The common European oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the American oyster (Ostrea Virginiana), are the most important species. …

oysters
Marine bivalve mollusks of several genera (ostrea, crassostrea, pinctada, meleagrina) with a rough irregular shell closed by a single adductor muscle. It includes oysters as food. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

oz
Abbreviation for ounce. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ozena
A disease characterised by intranasal crusting, atrophy, and fetid odour. ... Origin: G. Ozaina, a fetid polypus, fr. Ozo, to smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ozenous
Relating to ozena. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ozocerite
A type of bitumin (semisolid to solid hydrocarbon substance) which is composed mostly of alkanes (or paraffins) with high molecular weights. The substance is a waxy solid found in irregular veinlike deposits within stressed rocks and have colours ranging from greenish to brown to jet black. It is formed from oils, or liquid petroleum, of the same c …

ozochrotia
Synonym: bromidrosis. ... Origin: G. Ozo, to smell, + chroa, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ozokerite
A mixture of paraffinic and cycloparaffinic hydrocarbons occurring in nature; it has a higher melting point than synthetic paraffin, and is used as a substitute for beeswax. ... Synonym: ozocerite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ozonator
An apparatus for generating ozone and diffusing it in the atmosphere of a room. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ozone
<chemistry> A colourless gaseous substance (O) obtained (as by the silent discharge of electricity in oxygen) as an allotropic form of oxygen, containing three atoms in the molecule. It is a streng oxidizer, and probably exists in the air, though by he ordinary tests it is liable to be confused with certain other substances, as hydrogen dioxi …

ozonide
The unstable intermediate formed by the reaction of ozone with an unsaturated organic compound, especially with unsaturated fatty acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ozonolysis
The splitting of a double bond in a hydrocarbon chain upon treatment with ozone, with the formation of two aldehydes (an ozonide is the unstable intermediate); has been used to determine the structure of unsaturated fatty acids. ... Origin: ozone + G. Lysis, dissolution ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ozostomia
Synonym: halitosis. ... Origin: G. Ozo, to smell, + stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P and P test
Synonym for prothrombin and proconvertin test ... A test formerly used by some to control anticoagulant therapy with bishydroxycoumarin and indandione drugs. ... Synonym: P and P test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P antigen
<haematology, immunology> Antigenic determinant on the surface of human red blood cells to which the Donath Landsteiner antibody reacts. ... This antibody binds in the cold (a cold IgG), but elutes from red cells at 37­C, is particularly associated with tertiary syphylis and its binding causes paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. ... (18 Nov 1 …

p arm of a chromosome
The short arm of a chromosome (from the french petit meaning small). All human chromosomes have 2 arms: the p and q arms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

p blood-group system
A blood group related to the abo, lewis and I systems. at least five different erythrocyte antigens are possible, some very rare, others almost universal. Multiple alleles are involved in this blood group. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

P cell
A characteristic specialised cell, with probable pacemaker function, found in the S-A node and A-V junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P element
<molecular biology> A class of Drosophila transposon, widely used as a vector for reporter genes, for efficient germ line transformation and for enhancer trap or insertional mutagenesis studies. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

P elements
A class of transposable elements in Drosophila responsible for hybrid dysgenesis; utilised as tools for introducing genes into new locations in the genome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P enzyme
Synonym for phosphorylase ... <enzyme> Enzyme that catalyses the sequential removal of glycosyl residues from glycogen to yield one glucose-1-phosphate per reaction. Its activity is controlled by phosphorylation (by phosphorylase kinase). ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

P face
Synonym for freeze fracture ... Method of specimen preparation for the electron microscope in which rapidly frozen tissue is cracked so as to produce a fracture plane through the specimen. The surface of the fracture plane is then shadowed by heavy metal vapour, strengthened by a carbon film and the underlying specimen is digested away, leaving a re …

p in biochemistry
The abbreviation for protein. For example, p53 is a protein (53 kilodaltons in size). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

p in population genetics
The frequency of the more common of two different alternative (allelic) versions of a gene. (the frequency of less common allele is q). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

P light chain
<protein> Myosin light chain that can be phosphorylated by myosin light chain kinase, as a result of phosphorylation, the myosin is activated. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

P loop
See: ATP binding site. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

P protein
<protein> Protein found in large amounts in phloem seive tubes. Appears as thin strands when seen in the electron microscope. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

P ring
<microbiology> One of the bushes at the base of the flagellum of gram-negative bacteria, anchoring it in the peptidoglycan layer of the cells wall. Lies below the L ring. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

P site
<molecular biology> The peptidyl tRNA binding site on the ribosome, the one to which the growing chain is attached, the incoming aminoacyl tRNA attaches to the A site. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

P wave
The first complex of the electrocardiogram, representing depolarisation of the atria; if the P wave is retrograde or ectopic in axis or form, it is labelled P'. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P with a subscript for the ion
<abbreviation> Permeability constant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P-A conduction time
See: atrioventricular conduction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P-A interval
The time from onset of the P wave to the initial rapid deflection of the A wave in the His bundle electrogram (normally 25-45 msec); it represents the intra-atrial conduction time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

p-aminoazobenzene
<chemical> Used in the form of its salts as a dye and as an intermediate in manufacture of acid yellow, diazo dyes, and indulines. ... Pharmacological action: dyes. ... Chemical name: Benzenamine, 4-(phenylazo)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

p-aminobenzoic acid
A factor in the vitamin B complex, a part of all folic acids and required for its formation; neutralises the bacteriostatic effects of the sulfonamides since it furnishes an essential growth factor for bacteria, the utilization with which the sulfonamides interfere; used as an ultraviolet screen in lotions and creams. ... Synonym: paraaminobenzoic a …

p-aminohippurate clearance
A good measure of renal plasma flow, which it slightly underestimates; when a low plasma concentration of p-aminohippurate (PAH) is maintained by intravenous infusion, the kidney extracts and excretes almost all of the PAH from the plasma before it reaches the renal vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

p-aminohippuric acid
<chemical> N-(4-aminobenzoyl)glycine. A diagnostic aid used as the sodium salt in renal function tests. ... Chemical name: Glycine, N-(4-aminobenzoyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

p-aminohippuric acid synthase
<enzyme> An enzyme in the liver that catalyses the synthesis of p-aminohippuric acid from p-aminobenzoic acid (or the CoA-derivative) and glycine. It may be identical with glycine acyltransferase. ... Acronym: PAH ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

p-aminopropiophenone
<drug> An antidote for cyanide poisoning. ... Chemical name: 1-(4-Aminophenyl)-1-propanone ... Acronym: PAPP ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

p-aminosalicylic acid
<chemical> 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid. An antitubercular agent often administered in association with isoniazid. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid. ... Pharmacological action: antitubercular agents. ... Chemical name: Benzoic acid, 4-amino-2-hydroxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

p-azobenzenearsonate
<chemical> 4,4'-azodibenzenearsonic acid. A hapten capable of eliciting both antibody formation and delayed hypersensitivity when bound to aromatic amino acids, polypeptides or proteins. It is used as an immunologic research tool. ... Chemical name: Arsonic acid, (azodi-4,1-phenylene)bis- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

p-chloral
Synonym for m-chloral ... A polymer of chloral obtained by prolonged contact with sulfuric acid; it has properties similar to those of chloral hydrate. ... Synonym: metachloral, p-chloral, trichloral. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

p-chloroamphetamine
<chemical> Chlorinated analog of amphetamine. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool. ... Pharmacological action: serotonin agents. ... Chemical name: Benzeneethanamine, 4-chloro-alpha-methyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

p-chloromercuribenzoate
Organic mercury compound (ClHgC6H4COO-, ClHgBzO-) that reacts with -SH groups of proteins; an inhibitor of action of those proteins (enzymes) that depend on -SH reactivity. ... See: p-mercuribenzoate. ... Acronym: PCMB ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

p-chlorophenol
Synonym for parachlorophenol ... A disinfectant effective against most Gram-negative organisms; also available as camphorated parachlorophenol. ... Synonym: p-chlorophenol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P-congenitale
The P-wave pattern in the electrocardiogram seen in some cases of congenital heart disease, consisting of tall peaked P waves in leads I, II, aVF, and aVL (usually largest in lead II) with predominant positivity of diphasic waves in V1-2. ... See: spannungs-P. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

p-cresol oxidoreductase
<enzyme> Catalyses hydroxylation of methyl group ... Registry number: EC 1.14.- ... Synonym: flavochrome p-cresol methylhydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

P-dextrocardiale
An electrocardiographic syndrome characteristic of overloading of the right atrium, often erroneously called P-pulmonale because the syndrome can result from any overloading of the right atrium (e.g., tricuspid stenosis) and independently of cor pulmonale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

p-dimethylaminoazobenzene
<chemical> N,n-dimethyl-4-(phenylazo)benzenamine. Reagent used primarily for the induction of experimental liver cancer. According to the fourth annual report on carcinogens (ntp 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound 'may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.' (merck, 11th ed) ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens, dyes. …

p-fluorophenylalanine
<chemical> 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-alanine. ... Chemical name: Phenylalanine, 4-fluoro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

p-glycoprotein
<cell biology, protein> A family of integral plasma membrane proteins which, when overexpressed, function as adenosine triphosphate-dependent efflux pumps, causing multidrug resistance. ... Mammalian p-glycoproteins are encoded by small mdr gene families. There are several isotypes in multiple species. ... See: multidrug transporter. ... (22 Sep …

P-H conduction time
See: atrioventricular conduction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P-J interval
The time elapsing from the beginning of the P wave to the end of the QRS complex (J for junction between QRS and S-T segment) in the electrocardiogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P-K antibodies
IgE antibodies involved in the Prausnitz-Kustner reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P-K test
Synonym for Prausnitz-Kustner reaction ... A test for the presence of immediate hypersensitivity in humans; test serum from an atopic individual is injected intradermally into a normal subject; the normal subject is challenged 24-48 hours later with the antigen suspected of causing the immediate hypersensitivity reaction in the atopic individual. …

p-lysinase
<enzyme> From chlamydomonas; found in the gametes; converts inactive prolysin to active lysin during the mating reaction; mw 300 kD ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

p-mercuribenzoate
A commonly used enzyme inhibitor because of its reaction with sulfhydryl groups; usually p-chloromercuribenzoate or p-hydroxymercuribenzoate is used. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P-methyltransferase
<enzyme> Catalyses the formation of a carbon-phosphorus bond; involved in bialaphos biosynthesis; genbank d37877 ... Registry number: EC 2.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

P-mitrale
Broad, notched P waves in several or many leads of the electrocardiogram with a prominent late negative component to the P wave in lead V1, presumed to be characteristic of mitral valvular disease. (Although this term is extensively used in electrocardiographic literature, it is actually a misnomer and would be more appropriately called P-sinistroc …

P-O quotient
Synonym for P/O ratio ... A measure of oxidative phosphorylation; the ratio of phosphate radicals esterified (forming adenosine 5'-triphosphate from adenosine 5'-diphosphate) to atoms of oxygen consumed by mitochondria; normally, the ratio is 3 (starting from NADH). ... Synonym: P/O quotient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P-O ratio
A measure of oxidative phosphorylation; the ratio of phosphate radicals esterified (forming adenosine 5'-triphosphate from adenosine 5'-diphosphate) to atoms of oxygen consumed by mitochondria; normally, the ratio is 3 (starting from NADH). ... Synonym: P/O quotient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P-P interval
The distance between consecutive P waves in the electrocardiogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P-pulmonale
Tall, narrow, peaked P waves in electrocardiographic leads II, III, and aVF, and often a prominent initial positive P wave component in V1, presumed to be characteristic of cor pulmonale. (Although this term is extensively used in the electrocardiographic literature, it is actually a misnomer and would be more appropriately called P-dextrocardiale, …

P-Q interval
Synonym for P-R interval ... In the electrocardiogram, the time elapsing between the beginning of the P wave and the beginning of the next QRS complex; it corresponds to the a-c interval of the venous pulse and is normally 0.12-0.20 sec. ... Synonym: P-Q interval. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

P-R interval
In the electrocardiogram, the time elapsing between the beginning of the P wave and the beginning of the next QRS complex; it corresponds to the a-c interval of the venous pulse and is normally 0.12-0.20 sec. ... Synonym: P-Q interval. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...